Preferred Citation: Freitag, Sandria B., editor Culture and Power in Banaras: Community, Performance, and Environment, 1800-1980. Berkeley:  University of California Press,  c1989 1989. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft6p3007sk/

 
NOTES ON TRANSLITERATION

NOTES ON TRANSLITERATION

figure

Vowels and Diphtongs (Nasalized Vowels)

The nasalized versions of the diphtongs ai and au carry the tilde only on the second element: ai[*] , au[*]

figure

Consonants
Stops and Nasals

― xviii ―

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Others

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Arabian and Persian Consonants

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is printed with a tilde (ñ) when preceded by
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(j), as in yajña , "sacrifice."

General Rules

1. Personal names and place names are printed without diacritics; Tulsidas and Banaras. This applies as well to languages and scripts.

2. Diacritics are retained in book titles and newspaper names: Kalyan[*] (magazine), Bharat[*]durdasha[*] (play).

3. Social and political movements, societies, festivals, months, places (e.g., of worship), and castes are in roman type, with an initial capital letter and diacritics: Sankat[*] Mochan Temple, Sanatan[*] Dharm movement.

4. All other words not listed in Webster's Third Edition are in italics, with diacritics and no initial capital letters: rasdhari[*] , akhara[*] .

Exceptions

As the Bhojpuri used in Chapter 3 differs somewhat from the Hindi for which the transliteration system is designed, certain exceptions have been made in that essay. Also, because the

figure
in Bhojpuri is often a clear w rather than a v, Marcus has used the former where needed. Finally, the general transliteration of Awadh has used the w rather than the v; we have conformed to that usage.

― 1 ―
NOTES ON TRANSLITERATION
 

Preferred Citation: Freitag, Sandria B., editor Culture and Power in Banaras: Community, Performance, and Environment, 1800-1980. Berkeley:  University of California Press,  c1989 1989. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft6p3007sk/