Preferred Citation: Ferry, Robert J. The Colonial Elite of Early Caracas: Formation and Crisis, 1567-1767. Berkeley:  University of California Press,  c1989 1989. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft5r29n9wb/


 

INDEX

A

Aguado Lovera, Fernando de, 193 , 203

Aguirre, Juan de, 39 , 41

Aguirre y Castillo, Domingo, 150 -151, 166

Aix-la-Chapelle, Peace treaty of, 158 , 165

Aizpurua, Nicolás de, 202

Alas, Martín de las, 43

Alcabala, 66 , 247 -249, 251

Alfinger, Ambrose, 2

Alhorra (crop blight), 59 , 61 -62, 66 , 92 , 95 , 97

Alquiza, Sancho de, 34 , 43

Alternativa , 155 , 157 , 165 , 181 -182, 184 , 189

Alvarez y Abreu, Antonio José de, 114 -115, 117 -118, 161 -164, 180

Anauco (stream), 25 , 26 , 28

Angola (Africa), 56

Aragua (valley), 51 -52, 67 -70, 145 , 155 , 213

Araguita (valley), 185

Arcila Farías, Eduardo, 34 , 47 -48

Arechederra Tovar, Sebastián, 196

Arias, Francisco, 165

Arias Altamirano, Luis, 165 , 167 , 253

Arias Blanco, Maria Teresa, 209

Arias de Aquilena, Francisco, 56

Aristeguiete Lovera, Miguel, 193 , 239

Aroa (valley), 205

Arriaga y Rivera, Julián de, 153 -159, 166 , 168 , 172 , 241 -244, 246 , 249 -250

Ascanio Herrera, María Teresa, 252

Asiento. See Slave trade

Audiencia.

Santa Fe de Bogotá, 113 -115, 117 -118, 160 ;

Santo Domingo, 31 , 34 , 111 -113, 117 -120, 141 , 152 , 197

B

Barbary coast, 13

Barquisimeto, 2 , 4

Baruta (valley), 23 , 69

Basques, denied colonial administrative appointments, 242 -243

Batallón Veterano , 249 , 251

Beato, Pedro Martín de, 114 -115, 117 , 163

Bengoechea, Sabastián de, 22 , 41

Berrotarán, Francisco de, 108 -109

Berrotarán Tovar, Miguel, 109

Betancourt y Castro, Marcos, 114 -115, 117 , 162 -163, 197

Blanco, 1759 households of, 219 -221

Blanco de Ponte, Alejandro Pío, 239

Blanco de Ponte, Pedro (17th century), 39 , 56

Blanco de Ponte, Pedro (18th century), 165 , 167 , 239 , 253

Blanco de Villegas, Alejandro (father), 112 , 118 , 238 -239

Blanco de Villegas, Alejandro (son), 239 , 253

Blanco de Villegas, Juan, 110 , 119 -120

Blanco de Villegas, Juan Félix, 165 -166, 239 , 253

Blanco de Villegas, Miguel, 239

Blanco de Villegas kin, 120 , 128 , 238 -239

Blanco Ochoa, Antonio, 205 -208

Blanco Ponte, Alejandro, 54 , 56 -57

Blanco Uribe, Alejandro Antonio, 143 , 205 -208, 213 -215, 239 , 253

Blanco Uribe, Cornelio, 214

Blanco Uribe, María Josefa, 214

Blanco Uribe, Miguel, 165 , 207 , 214

Blanco Uribe kin, 205 , 208 , 213 -215, 238 -240

Blank, Stephanie, 24 -25, 28

Bolívar, Simón (16th century), 22

Bolívar, Simón (the "Liberator"), 6 , 208 -209

Bolívar Aguirre, José, 171 , 196 , 205 , 209 -211, 213 -215, 239 , 242

Bolívar Aguirre kin, 205 , 214 -215, 239 -240

Bolívar Arias, Josefa, 196

Bolívar Arias, Juan, 210 -211, 242

Bolívar Arias, Teresa, 196


338

Bolívar Martínez, Juan, 209

Bolívar Ponte, María Jacinta, 192

Bolívar Uribe, Juana, 206

Bolívar Uribe, María, 206

Borburata (valley), 191

Bourbon Reforms, 5 , 9 , 236 , 241 -243;

policies in Caracas, 244 -245, 254

Braudel, Fernand, 21

Buenos Aires, merchant marriages, 222

C

Cabalgada , 14 -15

Cabildo, 23 , 35 , 141. See also Caracas cabildo

Cacao:

farming, 33 -34, 46 , 63 , 73 -74, 86 , 91 -93, 95 -96, 100 , 105 -106, 121 , 125 , 132 -135;

hacienda censuses, 8 ;

impact on Caracas society, 53 , 65 ;

prices, 60 -62, 91 -93, 126 , 137 -138, 148 , 155 , 165 , 185 -186, 189 , 203 , 208 , 243 -244;

1684 hacienda census, 66 -68, 70 , 99 , 100 , 106 , 121 , 204 ;

1720 hacienda census, 67 , 100 , 106 -107, 121 -123, 126 -127, 204 ;

1744 hacienda census, 67 , 106 -107, 121 -123, 126 -127, 182 ;

trade, 3 -6, 42 , 44 -45, 48 -49, 52 , 55 , 62 -65, 70 -71, 99 , 148 , 155 , 157 , 165 , 179 -187, 242 ;

transportation to La Guaira, 55 , 124 -125, 132 -133, 144 , 160 , 243 ;

trees indigenous to Caracas region, 3 .

See also Alternativa; Repartimiento por padrón; Tercio buque

Cádiz, 4

Caldera, María Candelaria, cacao haciendas of, 129 -136

Canal, Bartolomé de la, 18

Canarios. See Canary Islanders

Canary Islanders:

immigrants to Caracas, 4 , 54 , 106 ;

place in Caracas province society, 67 , 106 , 122 , 125 -128, 138 , 159 -160, 174 -175, 251 ;

role in 1749 rebellion, 5 , 143 -148, 168 ;

struggle for land in Tuy Valley, 109 -111, 119 -120

Cañas y Merino, José Francisco, 112 , 197

Candelaria. See Caracas, Candelaria parish

Capaya (valley), 144 , 185 , 191

Caraballeda (valley), 49 , 57 , 69

Caracas, 49 , 61 , 69 ;

Altagracia parish, 217 ;

Candelaria parish, 67 , 146 -148, 152 , 154 , 168 , 173 -175, 251 ;

Cathedral parish, 217 , 220 , 224 , 238 ;

climate, 15 -16, 20 -21, 49 , 80 ;

ejido, 26 , 29 , 31 , 33 , 43 ;

foundation, 1 , 13 ;

plaza reconstruction, 246 -247;

1759 household census, 8 , 72 -73, 217 -218;

trapiches in region (1752), 204 .

See also Elites; Portuguese

Caracas cabildo:

activities during cacao period, 65 -66, 95 -96;

activities during wheat period, 14 -16, 18 , 23 -24, 28 -35 passim, 41 -43, 52 , 86 -88;

gubernatorial authority, struggle for, 114 -117, 163 , 196 -200;

León's rebellion, role in, 145 -146, 148 -150, 152 -156, 163 ;

protest against Basque policies, 181 -182, 186 -187;

Ricardos's policies against, 244 -247, 249 , 317 n. 3

Caracas Company. See Guipuzcoana Company

Carrasquer, Nofre, 22 -23, 40 -41, 43

Carrasquer Rada, Ana, 193

Carrillo y Andrade, Lope, 196 , 198

Cartagena, 3 , 15 , 18 , 21 -23, 28 , 32 -33, 39 -43, 45 , 56 -58, 78

Castellanos, Luis, 143 -144, 146 -153, 155

Castillo, Francisco, 58

Cata (valley), 206

Cattle ranching, 51 , 66 , 68 , 79

Catuche (stream), 25 , 28 -31

Caucagua (valley), 121 -122, 124 -125, 139 , 143 -145, 185 , 206 -208, 212

Cepi (valley), 46 , 59 -60, 63 , 87 -97, 209

Chacao (stream), 25 , 26 , 28 , 76 , 79

Charles III, 241 , 254

Charles V, 2

Choroní (valley), 47 , 54 -56

Chuao (valley), 56 -57, 64 -65, 87 , 99 , 170

Chuspa (valley), 49 , 100 , 113 , 211

Cisneros, Joseph Luis de, 246

Collado, Pablo, 1

Compadrazgo , 25

Company of Noble Adventurers, 9 , 254

Conception convent, 88 -89, 98 -99

Coro, 2 , 18 , 111 -112, 197

Council of the Indies, 120 , 153 , 157 -158, 163 , 174 , 177 , 184 , 187 -188

Cubagua, 1

Cumaná, 171

Cumanagoto (Indians), 14 , 29

Curaçao, 64 , 111 -112, 156 , 170 . See also Dutch traders; Smuggling

Curiepe (valley), 108 -114, 117 -121, 144 , 185 , 239

Cuyuagua (valley), 196


339

D

Díaz de Alfaro, Sebastián, 14 , 26 , 30

Depons, François, 72

Drake, Francis, 18

Dutch traders, 64 , 169 -170. See also Curaçao; Smuggling

E

Earthquake (1641), 59 , 61 -62

Echeverría, Martín de, 143 -145, 167

Ejido. See Caracas, ejido

El Dorado, 13

Elites:

alcaldes ordinarios, 200 -202;

Basque parentage, 195 -196;

cacao haciendas of, 121 -123, 125 -128, 187 -188, 190 -191, 237 -238;

consumption patterns, 56 , 85 , 97 -101;

cousin marriage, 231 -233, 239 -240, 253 ;

death of protest generation, 253 ;

debts with Guipuzcoana Company, 202 -203, 214 -215;

defined, 10 , 194 , 217 ;

grandparents, 228 , 234 ;

impact of reforms upon, 252 -254;

inheritance laws, impact upon, 6 , 7 , 230 -231, 235 , 238 , 252 ;

marriage patterns, 8 , 67 , 216 , 219 -235, 238 , 252 ;

political activism of, 24 -25, 33 -35, 42 -44, 197 -201;

protest against Guipuzcoana Company, 177 -178, 187 -206, 214 -215, 236 , 239 -240;

punishment for 1749 rebellion, 216 , 236 , 243 -244, 247 -251;

role in 1749 rebellion, 145 , 148 -151, 154 , 156 -157, 165 -168, 175 , 177 -178;

trapiches owned by, 204 ;

urban residence of, 72 -74, 216 -219; 233 -235;

widows, 188 -189, 193 , 234 .

See also Protest memorials

El Tocuyo, 2 , 23

Encomienda, 1 , 3 , 13 , 25 , 43 , 48 -53, 55 , 57 -59, 67 -70, 87

Ensenada, Marqués de la, 157 -161, 164 -165, 173 , 243 , 249

Escovedo, Francisca de, 78 , 85

Eslava, Sebastián de, 160 -161, 164 , 177

Estancias de trigo. See Wheat

F

Fajardo, Francisco, 1

Ferdinand VI, 157 , 165 , 241 , 254

Ferigo, Leonardo, 30 -33

Figueredo, Manoel, 29 -33

Flota, 3 , 21 , 158

Fortalezas , 13

Francia, Nicolás de, 203

G

Galindo Quiñones y Barrientos, Francisco, 152 -153

Galindo y Sayas, Domingo, 239

Gámez, Francisca, 57

García Pineda, Alsono, 25 -26

Gedler, Isabel María, 211

Gedler Ponte, Pedro Francisco, 192 , 193

Gibraltar (Venezuela), 32 , 63

Gil de Aguirre, Isabel, 212

Goizueta, Juan Manuel, 143 , 145

Góngora, Mario, 70

González de Silva, Garci, 14 , 24 , 26 , 28 -31, 33 , 39 -41

Goyzueta, Juan Manuel, 199

Guaiguaza (valley), 206

Guaire (river, valley), 16 , 20 , 49 , 52 , 88 , 95 , 124

Guarenas (river, valley), 49 , 69

Guayana jungle, 13

Guayaquil, 47 , 62

Guevara, Juan de, 19 , 30 , 40 -41

Guipúzcoa (Spain), 4

Guipuzcoana Company:

debts owed to, 202 -204, 212 -215;

commercial policies in favor of, 178 -187 passim;

establishment, 4 , 5 , 106 ;

impact on Caracas economy, 136 -138, 311 n. 31;

protests against, 8 , 142 -165 passim, 172 ;

reformed, 175 , 243 -244, 254 ;

and slave trade, 125 -126;

viewed from 1811, 174 .

See also Francia; Goyzueta; Lardizábal; Protest memorials; Zuloaga

H

Hatos. See Cattle ranching

Havana, 3 , 5 , 241

Havana Company, 161

Herrera, Antonio de, 56

Herrera, 1759 households of, 219 -221

Higuerote (bay), 113 , 119

I

Ibarra, Juan de, 47 , 55

Ibarra, María Petronila, 191

Ibarra y Herrera, Diego, 191

Ibarra y Ibarra, Ana Josefa, 191

Ibarra y Ibarra, Antonia, 191

Indians, 1 , 3 , 13 -14, 32 , 49 , 67 , 84 , 94 -95, 145 , 148 , 151 , 168 . See also Cumanagoto; Encomienda; Tomusa

Infante, Francisca, 57

Inquisition, 48 , 58 , 62

Isleños. See Canary Islanders

Izalcos, 47

L

Labor, wages paid as substitute for slavery, 250 -251

La Grita, 33


340

La Guaira, 1 , 5 , 16 , 22 , 47 , 52 , 55 , 74 , 112 -113, 116 ;

governor Castellanos takes refuge there, 145 -147, 149 -150;

León attacks fortress, 151 ;

round-trip to Veracruz from, 181 -182

Landaeta, Antonio Gregorio, 203

Lardizábal, Martin de, 120 , 144 , 156 , 184 -185, 198 , 200

La Vega (valley), 69

León, Juana Petrona de, 251

León, Juan Francisco de:

comment about repartimento por padrón , 183 ;

Curiepe, conflict over land, 110 , 119 ;

Panaquire settlement, 120 , 138 ;

protest and rebellion, 143 -156, 159 , 165 , 167 -170, 199 , 213 ;

surrender and punishment, 171 -175, 251

León, Nicolás de, 159 , 167 , 171 -173

Liendo, Domingo de, 54 , 59 , 87 -88, 95 , 97 , 99 , 100

Liendo, Juan de, 99 , 100

Liendo, Pedro de, 46 , 54 , 56 -57, 59 , 87 -88, 97 -100

Liendo, Santiago de, 54 , 63 , 87 -88, 90 , 94 -95, 97 -100

Liendo Blanco, Antolín de, 239 -240

Liendo Blanco, Antonio, 193

Liendo Blanco, Josefa Clara, 192

Liendo Cepi cacao hacienda, 75 -76, 86 -101, 128 , 134 -136

Liendo Gedler, Germana, 196

Losada, Diego de, 13

Lovera y Bolívar, Juan, 193

Lovera y Bolívar, Juana Josefa, 211 -212

M

MacLeod, Murdo, 47 , 62

Maiquetía (valley), 69

Mamporal (valley), 144 , 185

Mantuanos. See Elites

Maracaibo, 32 -33, 43

Margarita, 1 , 22 , 41 , 63

Marmolejo, Esteban, 29

Martí, Mariano, 139

Martínez de Villegas, Juan, 51

Martínez de Villegas, Luisa Catalina, 118 -120, 239

Matriarchy, 230 -235. See also Patriarchy

Mérida, 33

Mexía, Catalina, 57

Mexico, 3 , 4 , 6 , 22 , 46 , 56 , 99 , 113 , 186

Mexico, cacao market, 42 , 48 , 62 -64, 70 -71, 87 , 100 , 105 , 179 , 186

Mijares, Juan Antonio, 219

Mijares, Marqués de. See Mijares Tovar, Francisco Nicolás

Mijares Ascanio, Melchora Ana, 234

Mijares kin, 238 -240

Mijares Tovar, Francisco Nicolás (III Marqués de Mijares), 146 , 166 , 239 , 253

Mijares Tovar, Josefa, 234

Monasterios Renjifo, Francisco Domingo de, 118

Monasterios Sartucho, Mateo, 239

Morenos libres , 110 -114, 118 -120, 122 , 138 , 148

Muleteers. See Cacao, transportation to La Guaira

N

Naiguatá (valley), 69

New Granada, 14 -15;

viceroyalty of, 113 -116, 142 , 160 , 162 , 180 , 197 -198.

See also Audiencia, Santa Fe de Bogotá

New Spain. See Mexico

Nirgua, 14

O

Ocumare de la Costa (valley), 206

Ocumare del Tuy (valley), 116 , 121 , 140 , 149

Olavarriaga, Pedro José de, 114 -115, 117 , 163

Osgood, Cornelius, 51

Ovalle, Diego de, 40 , 42 , 47 , 54 -56

P

Pacheco Mijares, Juan Jacinto (II Conde de San Javier), 143 , 146 , 166 , 167 , 183 -187, 192 , 202 , 238 -239

Pacheco Mijares, 1759 households of, 219 -221

Palacios, Juana Teresa, 211

Palacios Gil, Feliciano, 213

Palacios kin, 205 , 214 -215

Palacios Lovera, José de, 195 , 205 , 212 -214

Palacios y Gedler, Feliciano de, 195 , 205 , 211 -215, 239

Palacios y Palacios, Ana Juana, 212

Palacios y Sojo, Bernabé de, 211

Palacios Zárate, José, 211

Pamplona, 33

Panama, 1 , 15

Panaquire (valley), 120 -122, 125 , 128 , 143 -145, 155 , 160 , 168 -169, 171 , 173 -174, 182 , 185

Panezillo, 1

Patanemo (valley), 191

Patriarchy, 8 , 74 , 192 , 222 , 229 -233, 253 -254. See also Elites

Peru, 3 , 15 , 62


341

Petare, 69

Philip II, 16

Philip V, 156 , 164 , 198

Pike, Frederick, 23 , 35

Pimentel, Juan de, 16 , 17

Pirates, 34

Píritu, 171 , 173 , 244

Piñango, Augustín, 239

Piñate, Joseph Silvestre, 131 , 133

Piñate, Simón, 129 -136

Polanco Martínez, Tomás, 34

Ponte, Juan Nicolás, 165 -167

Ponte Marín, María Petronila, 193 , 209

Ponte Marín, Pedro, 109

Ponte Villegas, Lorenzo de, 146 , 192 , 228 , 253

Ponte y Andrade, Pedro de, 108 -109

Ponte y Hoyo, Nicolás, 197

Ponte y Mijares, Francisco de, 143 , 166 -167, 183 -187

Portales y Meneses, Diego, 115 -117, 119 , 163 , 197

Portobelo, 3 , 15

Portuguese.

Caracas vecinos, 34 ;

slaves-for-cacao traders, 48 , 62 ;

tobacco traders, 35 , 42 -43

Preston, Aymas, 16

Protest memorials.

1741, 188 , 205 , 235 ;

1744, 189 -194, 196 , 200 -203, 235 , 239

Puerto Cabello, 49

Puerto Rico, 32 , 40 , 41

R

Rada Arias, José, 192

Rada Liendo, Fernando, 192

Real Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas. See Guipuzcoana Company

Rebellion (1749), 136 , 138 , 142 -155, 159 , 168 -171, 241 ;

royal reaction to, 157 -161, 163 -169, 171 -174, 236 , 243 -249

Relaciones Geográficas,16 , 45

Remírez de Estenoz, Felipe, 250

Rengifo Pimentel, José, 54 , 56 , 57

Renjifo Mendoza, Miguel Gerónimo de, 239 -240

Repartimiento por padrón,182 -184, 189 . See also Cacao, 1744 hacienda census

Riberos, Juan de, 18 , 26 , 27

Ricardos, Felipe, 164 -175, 177 , 210 , 217 , 235 -236, 243 -251, 253

Rivillapuerta, Bartolomé, 78 -87, 94 , 96

Rodríguez de la Madrid, Domingo, 195

Rodríguez de la Madrid Vásquez, Andrés, 195

Rodríguez de la Madrid y Liendo, Salvador, 196

Rodríguez de la Madrid y Liendo, Santiago, 196

Rodríguez del Toro, Bernardo (I Marqués de Toro), 183 -184, 186 -187

Rodríguez del Toro y Istúriz, Francisco de Paula (II Marqués del Toro), 166 , 192 , 252 -253

Rodríguez del Toro y Istúriz, Marí Teresa, 191 -192

Rodríguez Santos, Alonso, 39 , 41 , 43 , 58 , 77

Rodríguez Santos, Juan, 58 , 77 -78, 85

Rodríguez Santos wheat estancia, 75 -94, 96 , 97 , 100 -101, 134

Rosario Blanco, Juan del, 112 -114, 117 -120, 138

Ruiz Arguinzones, Pedro, 239

S

San Javier, Conde de. See Pacheco Mijares, Juan Jacinto

San Matheo (valley), 100

San Sebastián (Spain), 4

San Sebastián de los Reyes, 14 , 26 , 45 , 49 , 51 , 53 , 68 , 145

Santa Lucía (valley), 88 -90, 95 -99, 116 , 121

Santo Domingo, 5 , 32 , 41 , 54 , 111 -112, 118 . See also Audiencia, Santo Domingo

Seven Years War, 241

Seville, 21 , 33 , 39 -40, 55 , 57 , 78

Sierpe, Gil de la, 49

Slavery:

African, 3 -4, 6 ;

control of Tuy slaves, 139 -140;

domestic, 72 -73, 79 , 89 -90;

and elite status, 128 , 138 ;

impact of declining prices on, 186 , 188 ;

Indian, 1 -2, 51 ;

Liendo-Rodríguez Santos slaves, 88 -90, 93 -96;

and morenos libres , 110 -112;

Piñate-Caldera slaves, 130 -131;

Rodríguez Santos-Escovedo slaves, 79 , 84 , 87 , 93 ;

transition from encomienda labor to, 43 , 56 -58, 64 -65, 67 -70.

See also Indians; Slave trade

Slave trade, 6 , 7 , 45 ;

from Curaçao, 64 , 71 ;

early slave imports, 57 -58, 97 ;

English asiento, 9 , 124 -139 passim, 158 -159, 163 , 188 ;

French asiento, 111 -112;

Portuguese asiento, 109 , 111

Smuggling:

tobacco, 34 -35;

cacao, 5 , 124 , 156 , 169 -170, 186 , 327 n. 23;

and tenientes de justicia , 139 -142.

See also Curaçao; Dutch traders

Soconusco, 47

Sojo Palacios. See Palacios


342

Solano y Bote, José, 211 , 242 -243

Sosa Betancourt, Manuel de, 146 -147, 166

Soto Ibarra, Isabel, 192

South Sea Company. See Slave trade, English asiento

Spanish Succession, War of the, 198

Spira, Georg, 2

Sugar, 66 , 68 -70, 100 , 190 ;

trapiches in Caracas province (1752), 204

T

Tácata (valley), 121

Taguasa (valley), 209

Tenerife, 35 , 54

Tenientes de justicia mayor , 116 -117, 140 -144, 149 , 169 , 171 , 173

Tercio buque , 179 -183, 215

Tierra adentro , 2

Tierra Firme, 3 , 15 , 33

Tobacco:

ban on, 34 -35, 42 -43;

farming, 33 -34;

trade, 20 , 24 , 34 -39, 41 -42;

traders, 35 -39, 41 -42

Tócome, 145 -146, 153

Tomusa (Indians), 108

Toro, I Marqués de. See Rodríguez del Toro, Bernardo

Toro, II Marqués de. See Rodríguez del Toro y Istúriz, Francisco de Paula

Tovar, Antonio, 70

Tovar, Mauro de, 61

Tovar, 1759 households of, 219 -221

Tovar Blanco, Martín (I Conde de Tovar), 171 , 252

Tovar Galindo, Ana Juana, 203

Tovar Galindo, Fernando, 196

Tovar Galindo, José Domingo, 196

Tovar Galindo, José Manuel, 196

Tovar Galindo, Martín, 196

Tovar kin, 69

Tovar Mijares, Antonio, 196

Tovar Mijares, Luisa Catalina, 196

Tovar Mijares, Mauro, 196

Tovar Mijares, Melchora, 219

Tribiño Guillamas, Juan de, 49

Tunja, 33

Turmero (valley), 51 , 69

Tutela (guardianship), 76 -77, 100 -101

Tuy (river, region), 4 , 5 ;

closing of frontier, 135 -139, 254 ;

expansion of cacao haciendas to, 66 -67, 74 , 105 -144 passim, 185 ;

productivity of haciendas in 1744, 207 ;

trapiches, 204

U

Unare (river), 171

Urbina, Andrés de, 180

Uribe y Gaviola, Isabel de, 205 -207

V

Valencia (town, valley) 2 , 14 , 49 , 51 , 53 , 58 , 67 -69, 164 ;

trapiches, 204

Vasconcelos de Acuña, Francisco, 56

Vásquez de Escobedo, Diego, 40 , 41

Vásquez de Rojas, Juan, 56

Vellón (copper coinage), 63

Vera Ibargoyen, Melchora, 42

Villalonga, Jorge de, 114

Villanueva, Diego de, 41 , 45

W

Waldron, Kathy, 72

War of Jenkins' Ear, 158

Welsers, 2

Wheat:

farming, 3 , 16 , 20 , 32 -33, 66 , 68 , 70 , 73 , 77 -86, 93 , 96 -97, 100 ;

flour mills and milling, 26 -28, 30 -31, 78 -82, 100 ;

trade, 3 , 15 -16, 18 -20, 22 , 31 -32, 34 , 36 -38, 40 -46, 80 -86;

traders, 35 -38, 40 -42

Y

Ynforme (report on Indian population in 1690), 68 -69

Z

Zambos , 69

Zuloaga, Gabriel José de, 142 -144, 156 , 160 -161, 164 , 182 -183, 187 , 198 , 200 , 238


 

Preferred Citation: Ferry, Robert J. The Colonial Elite of Early Caracas: Formation and Crisis, 1567-1767. Berkeley:  University of California Press,  c1989 1989. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft5r29n9wb/