The Poet's Truth "d0e15446"

General Index

A

Actium, 3

Aeneas, 4 , 50

Aeneid, 1

ambiguity in, 4 -5

optimism in, 3

pity in, 49 -51

reception of, 4 -5

suspension in, 6 -7, 87 , 129

Aetna, Mt., 160

Alexandrian esthetics, 11 , 16

Alpers, P., 22 , 23 -24

Altevogt, H., 22

ambiguity:

in Aeneid, 4 -5

in Eclogues, 6 -7

in Georgics; 6 , 7 , 12 , 16 -22

incompatible with didactic, 17

See also suspension; unresolved tensions

Anchises, 43 , 106

Antony, 3

Aratus, 8 , 156

Aristaeus: in myth, 70

as paradigmatic farmer, Roman, Iron Age man, 71 -80

relation to Eurydice, 71

technology of, represented by bougonia,74 -80

Aristaeus and Orpheus, 13 , 18 , 21 , 25 -77, 48 , 67 -70, 186

as new myth, 181

Aristotle, 8

on bees, 124

on pity, 20 , 56

on primary opposites, 173

ars,139 , 140

Ascraean song, 52

Asmis, E., 169 , 171

Augustine, Saint, 55 -56

B

Bacchus, 176

bees:

in Georgic 4 , 123 -30

as Golden Age ideal, 125 -26

as morally flawed, 126 -30

as Roman paradigm, 123 -24

significance of, 129 -30

bougonia :

as metaphor, 21 , 75 -80, 147 -48

as myth, 18 , 141

as paradox, 140 , 148

as subject of interpretive controversy, 12

as understood by ancients, 76 -77

untrue as georgic precept, 74 -75

Bradley, A., 27

Buchheit, V., 22 , 25

Büchner, K., 14 , 29 , 75 , 76

Burck, E., 13 , 14

C

Caesar, Julius, 2 , 23

portents at death of, 158 -62

Caesar, Octavian:

in life of Virgil, 2 -3

Caesar, Octavian:

in the Georgics,12 , 38

and Georgic poet (Virgil), 58 , 62 , 188 -89

invoked in prayer, 149

and Maecenas, 30 , 41

parallel to Aristaeus, 186

as reader, 20 , 26 , 30

unknown future of, 150 -52

See also Octavian

Callimachus, 11 , 16

Calvus, 11

Cato, 28 , 30 , 31 , 46 , 148

Celsus, 75

Centaurs, 176

Cicero, 3 , 52

Cinna, 11

city:

and Corycian gardener, 134

as expression of Iron Age, 41 -42

as locus of art, 42 -43

as loss of Golden Age community, 91

as morally corrupt, 104 -5

as product of technology, 104

Columella, 75

community:

as alternative to Iron Age values, 54

as Golden Age, 20 , 53 -54

moral, 20 -21

― 208 ―

Conington, J., 167

Corycian gardener:

as apolitical, 136

and Aristaeus and Orpheus, 69 , 134

as discrepant from Golden Age ideal, 135 -37

as Golden Age figure, 130 -31, 134

as poet, 131 -35

as poet's ideal, 66

Cyrene, 57 , 71 , 143 , 144 , 187

D

Dahlmann, H., 124

Deucalion, 176

didactic poetry:

assumptions of, 145

and myth, 18

not marked by ambiguity, 17 -18

and tragedy, 19

Dido, 50

Dodds, E.R., 19 n44

Donatus, 2

E

Eclogues, 1 , 3 , 6 -7, 189

community as central myth of, 23 -24

Epicurean philosophy, 8

as Iron Age phenomenon, 43

Epicurus, 110 , 153 , 168 -69, 172 , 177

epyllion, 11

Aristaeus epyllion, 185

Eratosthenes, 8

Euripides, 56

Eurydice, 72 , 73 , 81 -89 passim, 184

F

farmer, 27 -45

as culturally limited, 41 -45

moral virtues of, 41 -45

morally ambiguous status of, 37 -45

as normative figure of georgic poem, 20 , 27

as Roman man, 31 -33

as soldier, 31 -37

See also truth, georgic

fas,36 , 54 , 94 , 96

Fish, S., 5

G

Gallus, 11

Georgic poet:

as artist, 136 -37

courage of, 187 -88

as impotent in world of power, 55 -59, 189

as Iron Age figure, 55 -67

as isolated figure, 24 , 59

as maker of new myths, 68 , 146 , 181 -83, 185

mission of pity and community, 71 , 46 , 52 -54, 145

moral vision of, 21

see also Golden Age

pity in, 46 -59

on plural causes, 171 -72

as poet of ambiguity and exchange, 185 -90

regressive focus of, 59

Georgic poet and Caesar (Octavian), 58 , 62 , 188 -89

and farmer, 26 -27, 44 -46

and nightingale, 184

and Orpheus, 183 -85

and other poet figures, 19 , 56 , 148

Georgics :

ambiguity in, 6 , 7 , 12 , 16 -22

art in, 136 -37

beautiful and tragic in, 23 , 57 -59, 187

didactic purpose of, 7 -8, 12

function of myth in, 21 , 178 -83

as humane text, 190

language of science in, 152 -76

see also science; moral role of gods in, 163 -65

pessimism and optimism in, 3 -4

pity in, 46 -59

unresolved oppositions in, 18 , 21 , 145 , 185 , 190

untruth in, 74 -75, 139 n

H

Harrison, E.L., 157 n19, 164 n27

Heraclitus, 17

Hero, 177 , 181

Hesiod, 8 , 99

Works and Days,8 , 9 -10

Hippocratic corpus, 156

Homer, 11

Horace, 116 , 135

I

Iron Age:

as dissolution of moral community, 54

as expression of Jove's will, 37

farmer as paradigmatic of, 33 , 45

and Golden

― 209 ―

Age, 137 -38

instituted by Jove, 95 -100

moral ambiguity of, 37 -39, 46

and plague, 120 -21

poet in, 59 -67

technology of, 33 -38

typified by Aristaeus, 70

irony, 5 , 6 , 96

Iser, W., 5

J

Johnson, W.R., 7

Johnston, P.A., 21

Jove:

and bees, 125

birth of, 177

and Iron Age, 37 , 95 -100

moral omission of, 54 , 91

as punitive with lightning, 181

justice, 187 , 187 n52

Justice, 39 , 113

K

katabasis, 69

Klingner, F., 14 , 20 , 76 , 103 , 131

L

Laomedon, 114

La Penna, A., 131

Leander, 177 , 181

Libyans: as reflection on Golden Age ideals, 119

Lloyd, G.E.R., 18 , 156

Lucretius:

on atoms (unseen particles), 175 -76

on fine arts, 36

on irregular occurrences, 160

as model for Georgics,8 , 10 -11, 43

on plague, 162

on plural causes, 153 , 168 , 171 -72

on poetic primacy, 63

ridicules lightning as from Jove, 181

M

Maecenas, 2 , 23

Maecenas and Caesar, 24 , 26 , 30 , 41

as reader of the poem, 26 , 30 , 41

metaphor, 18 n41, 161

Miles, G., 14 , 20 , 21 , 87

Milton, John, 5

Muses:

live in Greece, 61 , 65

sources of truth, 64 , 177

mystery, 18 , 139 -48

See also prayer

myth:

as metaphor, 18

new myths, 146 , 181 , 183

unitary vision of, 182 -83

See also Georgic poet, as maker of new myths; Georgics, function of myth in

N

Neoterics, 11

Nicander, 8

nightingale:

and Orpheus, 85 , 184

as pitiful, 49

as singer of beautiful and tragic, 56 -57

as victim of farmer, 88

in Works and Days,9 , 57

Nisus, 179

O

Octavian, 2 , 3 , 14 , 22

See also Caesar, Octavian

optimism and pessimism:

in the Aeneid,3 -5, 6 -7

in the Georgics,3 -4, 14 -16

Orpheus, 25 -26, 177

innovations in Virgil's treatment of, 80 -81

as isolated and regressive figure, 85 -86

as paradigmatic poet, 80

parallel to nightingale, 85

pleasure of, in sorrow and loss, 82 -85

as symbol of failure of art, 81 -83

Orpheus and Eurydice, 48 , 56 , 68 -69, 177 , 185 , 186

Otis, B., 14 , 20 , 33 , 48

P

Page, T.C., 167 , 187

Parry, A., 51

Pandora, 9

paradox, 11 , 140 -41, 148

in Lucretius, 11

Parthenope, 1 , 188

Perses, 67

pessimism. See optimism and pessimism

Philippi, 3 , 38

pity:

in the Georgics,46 -59

in Aristotle, 20 , 56

plague:

in De rerum natura,10 -11

as reflection on Golden Age ideals in Georgic3 , 119 -23

as representation of suffering of the guiltless, 163 -65

Plato, 17

plural causes, 166 -72

Pollio, C. Asinius, 2

Pompey, 2

portents:

as divine signs, 157 n19, 158 -62

as metaphor, 161

― 210 ―

praecepta :

expressions of Iron Age technology, 26

symbolic vs. georgic value, 75

praecepta and causae,64 , 141 , 142 -45, 187 , 190

and Proteus, 143

Praises of Country Life:

as reflection on conventional georgic ideology, 15 n32, 111 -15

See also city; farmer; Georgic poet

Praises of Italy:

lacking poetry, 107

military character of, 106 -7

as problematic, 103 -7

reminiscent of Golden Age, 101 -3

Praises of Spring:

as reflection on Golden Age, 107 -11

as scientific analogue of Golden Age myth, 109

prayer, 66 , 146 , 148 -52

primary opposites, 172 -76

Proteus, 48 , 56 -57, 72 , 143 , 144 , 187

Putnam, M.C.J., 14 , 20 , 87

R

readers of Georgics : and ambiguity of text, 6 , 17

learn pity, 20 , 48 , 59 , 186

learn sympathy for loss, 80 , 88 -89

as moral community, 190

risk moral complacency, 189

unmoved by bees and Aristaeus' success, 185

Ross, D., 3 , 15 -16

S

science, language of:

and myth, 152 -53

for plural causes, 166 -72

and poetry, 11

for primary opposites, 172 -76

for sign theory, 153 -66

Scylla, 179

Scythians, 116 -19

Segal, C.P., 6

Sextus Empiricus, 154 , 155

signs:

in the ancient world, 153 -57

as disease symptoms, 162 -66

as portents, 158 -62

slavery, 28

Smith, B.H., 5 n10

Spofford, E., 22 -23, 41

Steidle, W., 29

Strauss, L., 11

suspension:

in Aeneid, 6 -7

in Eclogues, 6 -7

in Georgics,16 -24

See also ambiguity; unresolved tensions

T

technology:

as aggression, 34 -38

as central theme of Georgics,8 , 97 -98

futility of, 122 -23

morally ambiguous, 104 , 105

theodicy: in Georgic1 , 27

Theophrastus, 8

Thomas, R., 11 , 15 -16, 157 n19

truth, georgic:

and the poet's truth, 139 -46

in signs and precepts, 139 , 145

truth, Georgic poet's:

as confirmed in history, 188 -90

expressed in myth, metaphor, and mystery, 145 -46, 176 -83

as grander than Orpheus' truth, 188 -90

Turnus, 51

U

unresolved tensions:

n Virgil's texts, 6 -7

See also ambiguity; suspension

V

variatio, 13

Varro, 8 , 28 , 46 , 92

Vegetius, 32

Venus, 183

veternus, 96

Virgil:

in the Georgics,188 -89

life of, 1 -3

W

Wilkinson, L.P., 3 , 14 , 109 , 168

Williams, R.D., 4 , 14 , 15

Williams, Raymond, 86 , 90 , 108

Winnington-Ingram, R.P., 164 n27

Wordsworth, W., 86

Works and Days :

ambiguity in, 8

as model of Georgics,9 -10

― 211 ―

Compositor:	Interactive Composition Corporation
Text:	10/12 Sabon
Display:	Sabon
Printer:	Braun-Brumfield, Inc.
Binder:	Braun-Brumfield, Inc.