Index

A

Aachen, 40

"Absolutism," princely, 40

Acceptatie, 41 ;

definiton of, 255 n. 6

Accijnsen (excise taxes), 16 , 19 , 22 , 25 , 26 , 123 , 124 , 144 , 149 , 263 n. 96

Accord, 41 ;

definition of, 255 nn. 6 , 7

Admiral of the Netherlands, 85 , 112 , 171

Adrian VI, pope, 153 , 243 n. 22

Advocate of the Common Land, 53 , 181 ;

and ban on rural industry, 62 ;

and omslagen,121

Aelwijnszoon, Geraard, 47

Aggar, Willem Pieterszoon uyten, 233 n. 49;

travel diary of, 43

Agincourt, battle of, 64

Alba, Duke of, 3 , 7 , 48 , 138 , 178 , 208 ;

methods of, 6

Albert, Count of Holland, Duke of Bavaria-Straubing, 12 , 224 n. 15

Albert, Duke of Saxony, 245 n. 59

Alexander, Peter, 269 n. 60

Alkmaar, 13 , 73 , 145

Althusius, Johannes, Politica Methodice Digesta,3

Alum, 51 , 249 n. 9

Ambachten (judicial districts), 57

Ambachtsheerlijkheid,62

Amber, from the Baltic, 22

Amersfoort, 192 ;

hofje in, 264 n. 6

Amiens, chamber of rhetoric, 66

Amstel, 239 n. 111

Amstelredamus, Alarclus, 150

Amsterdam, 22 , 28 , 163 , 194 , 231 n. 29, 240 n. 116, 246 n. 63;

and Baltic trade, 7 , 21 , 59 , 94 , 108 ;

and binnenlandvaart,23 , 56 , 57 ;

and Christiern II, 107 ;

and Christiern III, 111 ;

cloisters in, 149 ;

and college of burgomasters, 143 ;

Court of Holland, 267 n. 45;

Dirkisten in, 195 , 196 ;

and Dordrecht, 210 ;

and Dordrecht staple, 62 ;

executions in, 165 , 167 , 173 ;

and Gouda, 210 ;

and grain exports, 62 , 118 , 213 ;

Haarlem gate, 72 , 95 , 193 ;

Heilige Stede, 150 , 151 , 168 ;

and herring fleet, 241 n. 117;

as home port, 22 , 31 ;

and Informatie,30 tab. 1;

and inventory of grain stock, 99 ;

and Lübeck ships, 97 , 106 ;

Lutheranism in, 156 ;

"monster trial" of 1552, 173 ;

naked Anabaptist demonstration in, 164 -165;

Old Church, 193 , 206 ;

and omslag for warships, 93 , 94 , 109 ;

and ordinaris bede,54 ;

orphan bureau (weeskamer ), 262 n. 93;

Overtoom of, 239 n. 108, 239 n. 111;

and riots, 104 , 105 , 165 , 173 , 213 ;

St. Barbara's convent, 149 ;

St. Olaf's gate prison, 157 , 158 ;

and sale of renten,19 , 28 ;

and scandalous plays, 171 ;

ships from, 55 , 102 , 238 n. 101;

and States of Holland, 81 ;

and taxes, 28 , 139 , 261 n. 83;

and tolls at Gouda and Sparendam, 239 n. 108;

and trade losses, 26 -27;

and victuals for Utrecht, 85 ;

Voorpoort of, 154 ;

vroedschap resolutions for, 36 , 43 ;

Warmoes Straat, 97 ;

wine excise farm in, 140 ;

and women's protests, 151 , 168

Anabaptists, 69 , 129 , 147 , 174 , 200 , 206 , 270 n. 71;

amnesty for, 166 ;

and attacks, 169 ;

beheading of, 160 -161;

drowning of female heretics, 166 ;

escape of, 202 , 206 ;

executions of, 160 -161, 163 , 165 , 166 , 170 , 173 ;

expulsion of, 163 ;

and Melchior Hoffman, 160 ;

movement of 1530s, 109 , 152 , 264 n. 105, 266 n. 31;

naked demonstration of, 164 -165;

open preaching of, 164 ;

spread of, 162 ;

surrender of, in Leiden, 164 ;

torture of, 170 ;

and violence, 270 n. 69

Anderson, Perry, 64

Anhalt, Rudolf von, 69 , 71 , 72

Anna of Saxony, 188

Anne de Montmorency, 274 n. 10

Annuities, heritable (losrenten ), 184

Annuities, life (lijfrenten ), 184

Anticlericalism, 201

Antwerp, 22 , 60 , 90 , 120 ;

and banning of Baltic trade, 17 ;

and binnenlandvaart,188 ;

execution of Calvinist minister in, 179 ;

free trade of, 240 n. 114;

and gemeen lands renten,

36 ;

and grain, 98 ;

"great purses" of, 184 ;

and Guelders war, 74 ;

and new bishoprics, 178 ;

St. Peter's church, 153 ;

and wine trade, 26

Antwerp, pensionary of, and Christiern 11 , 107

Antwerp exchange, 51 , 116 -117, 118 , 119 , 120 , 123 tab. 3, 176

Antwerp toll, 51 , 235 n. 69

Aosta, Val d', 38

Apotheosis of Ruard Tapper,174

Appingedam, 112 , 113

Aragón, 38 , 39 ;

Corts of, 42

Arbitrale correctie,167 , 168

Ardennes forest, 2

Argenson, René-Louis de Voyer de Paulmy, Marquis d', 222 n. 11

Armentières, says from, 25

Arras, Bishop of. See Granvelle, Antoine Perrenot, Bishop of Arras, lord of

Artists, stained-glass, 205

Artois: and Charles V, 98 ;

and extraordinaris bede for defense of, 120 ;

language of, 2

Asperen, 68 , 73 , 259 n. 63

Assemburg castle, 214 -215

Assendelft, Dirk van, 198

Assendelft, Lord Gerrit, lord of, 121 , 184 , 191 , 197 , 198 , 230 n. 16;

accusations against, 170 ;

and Anabaptists, 161 , 165 , 166 , 167 ;

and bede, 118 , 119 ;

called First Councillor, 44 , 189 ;

and charges against, 190 ;

correspondence of, 191 ;

death of, 190 ;

and Duke of Guelders, 112 ;

and Erasmus, 161 ;

fear of rebellion in northern Holland, 263 -264 n. 105;

gratuity for, 251 n. 33;

and Hoogstraten, 146 , 191 ;

and Marquis of Vere, 187 ;

marriage to Catherine Le Chasseur, 189 ;

and Mary of Hungary, 191 , 278 n. 48;

and Münster kingdom, 69 , 147 , 160 , 162 ;

and schepen nominations, 168 ;

and Snouckaert, 183 ;

and Suys, 278 n. 50;

and war fleet, 94 , 109 ;

and Zeghers, 278 n. 52

Assendelft, lords of, 46

Assendelft, Niklaas van, 215

Assendelft, village of, protestors from, 214 -215

Attila the Hun, and comparison with Karel van Egmont, 242 n. 12

Audienceur, 246 n. 74

Audit committee, 256 -257 n. 29

Aurelius, Cornelius, 71 ;

Divisie Chronyk,70

Authority, princely, 49 , 50

Avesnes, counts of, 11 , 12 , 47

B

Baechem van Egmond, Niklaas, and Erasmus, 153

Baerdes, Willem Dirkszoon, 173 , 192 , 193 , 196 , 206 ;

and Mennonites, 203

Baghijnhof, 148

Baltic crists of 1530s, 194

Baltic trade. See Trade, Baltic

Baltic war, compared with French wars, 245 n. 58

Baltic war fleet of 1533, 270 n. 70

Bandes d'ordonnance,76 , 199

Bankers, Antwerp, 211 , 212 . See also Antwerp exchange

Barcelona, 38

Barlandus, Hadrianus, Historia Rerum Gestarum a Brabantiae Ducibus,69

Barthoutszoon, Wouter, 127

Battenburg, Jan, 170

Battenburgers, 170

Bavaria, Wittelsbach dukes of, 11

Bavaria-Straubing, Duke of. See Albert, Count of Holland, Duke of Bavaria-Straubing

Bede accord, 42

Beden (subsidies), 11 ;

approval dates for, 123 tab. 3;

and cities and countryside, 146 ;

extraordinaris,16 , 61 , 78 , 79 ;

of 1523, 24 ;

of 1468, 18 ;

and gratiën,54 ;

income, used to pay old debts, 82 , 83 ;

and military expenditures, 116 ;

nine-years', 182 , 185 ;

ordinaris, 16 , 117 , 119 , 181 ;

ordinaris, and gratiën,54 , 116 ;

quotas for, 225 n. 26, 263 n. 101;

in war-time years, 237 n. 82

Beer:

and Delft, 10 , 25 ;

excise taxes on, 16 , 25 , 26 , 123 , 144 , 144 tab. 11;

German, 22 -23, 25 , 30 ;

and Gouda, 10 , 25 ;

and Haarlem, 10 , 25 , 227 n. 49;

markets for, 22

Beguinage . See Baghijnhof

Beheading, 138 , 167

Bennink, Cornelis, 100 , 103 , 108 , 195 , 198 ;

and embassies to Baltic, 253 n. 60;

and letter from Duke of Guelders, 112 ;

and peace talks, 111 ;

replaced by Dirkisten, 129 ;

and schepenen of 1527, 158

Bennink, Jan, 150 -151

Benscop, 216

Bentinck, Willem, lord of Rhoon, 222 n. 12

Berchklooster, 162 , 163

Berendrecht, Klaas van, 283 n. 98

Berg, duchy of, 230 n. 21

Bergen, 22 ;

ships from, 110

Bergen, Jan van, lord of Bergen-op-zoom, 85

Bergen family, 21 , 45

Bergen-op-Zoom, 45 , 85

Berlaymont, Count of, 177

Bernis channel, 188 , 278 n. 46

Beukels, Jan, 162

Beverwijk, 215

Beverwijk, Bailiff of, 164

Bible: Luther's translation of, 155 ;

Netherlandish, 148

Bicker, Pieter, 195

Billerdam, 239 nn. 108, 111

Binnenlandvaart (inland waterway), 31 , 56 , 57 , 188 ;

disputes concerning, 57 , 59 , 210 , 239 n. 111;

and German merchants, 97 ;

route of, 23 , 57 , 264 n. 1;

toll fees on, 101

Biscay, Bay of, 21 , 101

Bishoprics, new, opposition to, 178

Black Band, 68 , 72 , 73 , 244 n. 36

Blasphemy, 155

Blickle, Peter, 35

Blijenburgh, Heyman Adriaanszoon van, 128 , 134

Blockmans, W. P., 37 , 38 , 39 , 43 , 222 n. 15

Bodegraven, 214 ;

and proposed dam and bridge, 239 n. 111

Boelens, Albert, 108

Boelens, Allert, 162

Boelens, Andries, 100

Books, forbidden and heretical, 171

Bordeaux, wine from, 21

Boschuysen, Frans van, 203

Boussu, Count of, 202

Brabant, 6 , 10 , 14 , 84 ;

absence of tax records from, 140 ;

and bede of Charles the Bold's reign, 23 ;

Blijde Inkomst or Joyeuse Entrée of, 44 , 47 ;

and closing of the Sound, 98 ;

and defense of Hainaut and Artois, 78 ;

and excise tax riots, 149 ;

and extraordinan's bede of 1523, 24 ;

and influence of States of Holland, 33 ;

language of, 2 ;

and payment of Christiern II's dowry, 97 ;

and tenth-penny tax on commercial profits, 139

Brady, Thomas, 221 n. 1

Braunschweig, Duke Erich von, lord of Woerden, 214 , 276 -277 n. 33

Braunschweig, Heinrich, Duke of, 71 , 74

"Bread and cheese" revolt, 20 , 145

Breda, 198

Breda, lords of, 45

Brederode, Hendrik van, 136 , 197 , 198 , 239 n. 111

Brederode, Reinout van, 136

Brederodes, 45

Bremen, 97 , 101

Brethren of the Common Life, 148

Breweries and brewing, 22 , 25 , 26 , 61 , 62 , 81

Brewers, 118 ;

Delft, 238 n. 101, 258 n. 49

Bridge, protest over construction of, 214

Brill, 54 , 171

Brittany, merchantmen of, 91

Brucker, Gene, 133

Bruges: as one of "Four Members of Flanders," 35 ;

Franc of, 140 ;

and gemeen lands renten,36 ;

and plea for exemption, 253 n. 69;

and trade, 17 , 23 , 97 , 240 n. 114

Brugman , Jan, 148 , 149 , 150

Bruni, Leonardo, 65

Braüner, Otto, 35

Brunt, Lijsbeth Reyniersdochter, 258 n. 57

Brunt, Neel Reyniersdocter, 258 n. 57

Brunt, Reynier, 161 , 166 , 167 , 258 n. 57

daughters of, 134 ;

and Emperor's policy on heresy, 159 ;

and schepen nominations, 168

Brussels, 60 , 101 ;

and correspondence with The Hague, 205 ;

and Guelders war, 74 , 245 n. 55;

Royal Library, 179

Bruxelles, Philibert de, 277 n. 37

Bucquet, Willem Blasius, 128

Budapest, 46

Budé, Guillaume, 66

Buitennering, ban on, 241 n. 117

Buren, Count of. See Egmont, Floris van, Count of Buren and lord of IJsselstein

Buren, Count of. See Egmont, Maximiliaan van, Count of Buren

Burghers: and heresy laws, 147 ;

and purchases of renten,131 tab. 7a

Burghers, seventy. See Doleanten

Burgomasters: Amsterdam, 130 tab. 6;

college of, 125 , 129 , 168

Burgundian dynasty, 31

Burgundy, duchy of, 44

Burgundy, Dukes of, 2 , 45

Burning at the stake, 156 , 204

Busses, herring, 12 , 21 -22, 31 , 91 , 95 , 228 n. 57;

numbers of, 91 ;

robbed by warships protecting them, 249 n. 8

Buyck, Joost Sijbrandszoon, 130 tab. 6, 143 , 270 n. 75

Bye, Joost Jacobszoon de, 260 n. 72

C

Calais, 24 , 25

Callants Oog, villagers of, 145

Calvinism, 174 , 177 , 179 , 180 , 274 n. 7;

and Revolt in 1572, 147

Cambrai, Peace of, 66 , 72 , 74 , 92 , 244 n. 35

Camerijk, 239 n. 111

Camerling, Michiel Janszoon, 128

Campen, Gerrit van, 162 , 163

Campen, Jacob van, bishop, 162 , 165

Capelle, 206

Caravels, 95

Carlier, Antoine, 263 n. 99

Carmelites, 153

Carondolet, Jean, Archbishop of Palermo, 46 , 48 , 78 , 99 , 102 , 103

Castile, 34 ;

Cortes of, 37 , 40

Castre, lord of, 80 , 84 , 85 , 87 , 199 , 247 n. 78

Catalonia, 39

Cateau-Cambresis, Treaty of, 177

Catholicism, 174 -175, 177 , 206 , 274 n. 10;

growth in numbers, 206 ;

and heresy laws, 148

Chamber of Accounts, 47 , 49 , 124 , 185 , 186 , 262 n. 94

Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, 2 , 18 , 19 , 21 , 27 ;

and beden, 23 -24, 26 ;

death of, 9 , 17 , 19 , 20 ;

and Karel van Egmont, 20 ;

and Grand Council of Mechelen, 45 ;

treasury under, 31

Charles V, 3 , 6 , 7 , 21 , 60 , 98 , 136 ;

abdication of, 45 , 122 ;

and bede to cover travel costs, 73 ;

and Cories of Castile, 34 ;

coronation of, 40 ;

correspondence of, 45 -46, 234 n. 57;

and Council of Holland, 46 ;

and Flamengo entourage, 40 ;

and grain export fee, 104 ;

and heresy, 8 , 60 , 152 -153;

as heir apparent, 75 ;

and Hulst, 155 ;

and Johann von Weeze, 111 ;

and Margaret of Austria, 78 ;

and Mary of Hungary, 101 , 234 n. 57;

in the Netherlands, 44 , 102 , 103 ;

and occupation of Ghent, 235 n. 67;

placards of, 152 , 156 , 159 ;

and Privy Council, 46 ;

provinces added under, 236 n. 80;

and revenues, 51 ;

and rewards, 103 ;

and States of Holland, 41 ;

and surrender of Utrecht, 75

Charles VIII, King of France, 64

Charolais, Charles of. See Charles the Bold

Cheese, markets for, 22

Chièvres, lord of. See Croy, Guillaume de, lord of Chièvres

Christiern II, king, 106 , 107 , 111 ;

and dowry, 97 ;

and Occo, 253 n. 59;

surrender of, 108 ;

warships of, 118

Christiern, III, 111 , 112 , 113

Christoffel, Count of Oldenburg, 111 -112

Cisalpine Savoy, 38

Clergy: and exemption from war taxation, 60 ;

and opposition to new bishoprics, 178

Cloisters: ban on new, 150 ;

Dominican, 181 , 275 n. 19;

and tax exemptions, 149

Cloth, 21 , 30

Cloth hall, opposition to, 151

Cloth industries, 10 , 21 , 61 , 149. See also Woolen cloth industry

Cobos, Francisco de los, 102

Coebel, Aert, 124 , 181 , 184 , 188 , 190 , 198 , 212 , 276 n. 24;

attacked by Snouckaert, 190 ;

and gratuities, 185 , 186 ;

improprieties of, 182 ;

and payments, 123 tab. 3, 276 n. 29;

as Receiver for Common Land, 183 ;

and sale of losrenten to redeem lijfrenten,277 n. 39;

and sale of renten,185 , 196 ;

successor to Van der Hove, 122

Coebel, Philips, 195

Coelthuyn, Cornelis, 201 , 204

Colijn, Pieter, 85 , 161 , 165 , 166 -167, 248 n. 96

Commerce, damage to by war, 197

Commissioners, government, views of, 43 -44

Commissioners of muster, 88

Communis patria, definition of, 35

Communities, religious, 148 -149

Compagnies d'ordonnance,18

Confraternities, 148

Congie (special license), for export of grain, 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 138 , 251 n. 44, 260 n. 80;

opposition to, 103 , 213

Copenhagen, 16 , 106 , 195 , 199 ;

and

Christiern III, 112 ;

in control of Christoffel, 111 ;

surrender of, 113

Copper, Fugger, 253 n. 59

Corsdochter, Engel, 266 n. 31

Corts, frequency of, 38

Corts General,38 , 39

Coulster, Abel van, 166 , 169 , 170 , 271 n. 84, 278 n. 50

Council of Brabant, and Hulst, 153

Council of Finance, 45 , 48 , 102 , 118 , 122 ;

and congie,103 ;

and instructions to Goudt, 119 ;

and Receiver for beden,117 , 121 ;

and toll revenues, 235 n. 69

Council of Flanders, and judicial matters, 191

Council of Holland, 18 , 44 , 71 , 89 , 100 , 121 , 147 , 181 ;

and Amsterdam's college of schepenen,157 ;

and ban on grain exports, 98 , 102 , 251 n. 38;

and ban on rural industry, 62 ;

and Brussels, 49 , 191 ;

and case of Janne, 173 ;

creation of, 14 ;

and death penalty, 156 ;

and Dordrecht, 54 , 55 ;

and Engelbrechtszoon, 194 ;

and Enkhuizen, 201 ;

and Everaerts, 48 ;

and Haarlem outbreak, 200 ;

and heresy, 152 , 157 , 158 , 163 , 167 , 172 tab. 12;

and influence-buying, 50 ;

and judicial functions, 191 -192;

and jurisdiction over feudal enclaves, 61 ;

and Leerdam, 137 ;

library of, 278 n. 52;

and Lindanus, 205 ;

and Maastricht, 120 ;

and Margaret of Parma's orders, 204 ;

and a military force, 76 ;

and omslagen,185 ;

and petitions to have a vroedschap,213 -214;

and placards,203 ;

power of, 19 ;

and revenues, 212 ;

and Secret Council, 191 ;

and Stadtholder, 15 ;

and state of religion in Holland, 284 ;

and States, 112 , 119 ;

and taxes, 144 , 145 ;

and town governments, 155 ;

and Voorne, 236 n. 70;

and Wouters, 158

Council of State, 46 , 102 , 103 , 178 , 199 , 214 , 253 n. 69

"Councillors extraordinary," 46

"Councillors ordinary," 46 , 181

Counterfeiting, 189 ;

and de non evocando,153

Court of Holland, 47 , 134 , 135 , 153 ;

and collecting revenues, 212 ;

and Cornelis Wouters, 159 ;

members' purchases of renten,133

Craanhals, Sebastiaan, 214 -215

Cromeniedijk, and Anabaptists, 270 n. 71

Croy, Adrien de, Count of Roeulx, 98

Croy, Guillaume de, lord of Chièvres, 20 -21

Croy family, 45

Cruningen, Johan van, 173 , 202 , 216

Cruyser, Cornelis Janszoon, 128

Culemborg, 86

D

Dagvaarten (meetings of States), 43 , 124 , 233 n. 49

Dale, Arent van, 276 n. 26

Danzig, 97 , 101 , 106 , 108

Dealers, grain, 52 , 118

Death penalty, 159 , 160 ;

opposition to, 207

Debts, 41 , 196 , 211 , 221 n. 2

Delfshaven, 30 -31, 94 , 202

Delft, 81 , 83 , 246 n. 63;

and Baltic trade, 94 ;

and beer, 10 , 23 , 25 , 26 ;

cloth-weaving sisters of, 149 ;

and defense of Nootdorp channel, 240 n. 112;

and gratiën,53 ;

and hundredthpenny tax, 28 ;

and Informatie,30 tab. 1;

and inland waterway, 57 ;

Lutheranism in, 156 ;

population of, 28 ;

Sasbouts of, 133 ;

and schiltal of 1515, 145 ;

and States of Holland, 81

Denmark: alliances of, 105 , 106 ;

and control of the Øresund, 16 ;

and Union of Kalmar, 252 n. 52;

and war with Sweden, 181

De non evocando,153 -154, 155 , 157 , 158 , 173 , 174 , 216 , 267 n. 39

Deputies, 88 , 89 , 132 , 230 n. 21;

Amsterdam, 130 tab. 6;

and attendance at dagvaarten,126 tab. 5, 127 -129;

and birthday gift for Erasmus, 212 ;

and leadership in States of Holland, 197 ;

as "mighty lords," 212 ;

and omslagen,185 -186;

opinions of, 230 n. 16;

and purchases of renten,131 , 132 -133, 132 tab. 8;

responsibilities of, 34 , 36 -37, 40 ;

and taxation, 135 , 141 ;

and William of Orange, 198

Derville, Alain, 50

Deventer, Jacob van, 164 , 277 n. 46

De Vries, Jan, 143

Diaries, travel, 43

Diemen, Imme van, 150

Dierckx, M., S.J., 275 n. 10, 275 n. 11

Diet, imperial, 52

Dijkgraaf (count of the dike), 214

Dikes, 10 , 197 , 198

Dillen, J. G. van, 222 n. 20

Diplomacy, 69

Dirkisten, 103 , 130 , 151 , 168 , 170 , 195 , 196 , 266 n. 31, 270 n. 75;

and nepotism, 281 n. 77;

on Warmoes Straat, 281 n. 76. See also Dirkszoon, Hendrik

Dirkist ruling party. See Dirkisten

Dirkszoon, Andries, 203

Dirkszoon, Hendrik, 129 , 130 tab. 6, 193 ;

sons of, 134

Dirkszoon, Sybrant Meester Hendrik, 258 n. 57

Dissenters, religious, 162

Divide et impera,54

Dobbens, Cornelis Wouter, 170

Doedeszoon, Klaas, 130 tab. 6, 168 , 195 , 272 n. 90

Doleanten, 194 , 198 , 281 nn. 76, 77

Doleantie, 130 , 194 , 196

Dordrecht, 14 , 19 , 28 , 54 , 238 n. 101, 241 n. 117, 246 n. 63;

annual renten interest of, 28 ;

and binnenlandvaart,56 , 57 , 95 , 188 , 239 n. 111;

burgermeesteren in, 30 ;

De Jonges of, 133 ;

and Enqueste of 1496, 28 ;

and gratiën,53 ;

and Hoeks, 11 ;

and Informatie,30 tab. 1;

as lichaem, 36 ;

number of ships from, 27 ;

and refusal to pay assigned bede,18 -19;

and Rotterdam, 55 ;

and States of Holland, 81 ;

toll station at, 56 ;

and wine trade, 10 , 26 , 30

Dordrecht staple, 12 , 54 , 55 , 57 , 59 ;

and Amsterdam, 62 ;

dispute over, 223 n. 7;

Grand Council verdict in favor of, 103

Dorothea, daughter of Christiern II, 111

Drainage, 57 , 197

Drenthe, addition of, 1527, 236 n. 80

Droogendijk, Vincent van, daughter of, 134

Drowning, of female heretic Anabaptists, 166

Dublioul, Laurence, Audienceur,83

Dudok van Heel, S. A. C., 129

Duke, A. C., 155

Dunkirk, 2 , 108

Dutch language, 2 , 5

Dutch Republic, 3 ;

as Calvinist Republic, 4

Dutch Revolt. See Revolt in the Netherlands

Duvenvoirde, Arent van, lord of Warmond, 197

Duvenvoirde, Jan van, lord of Warmond, 46 , 100 , 101 , 102

Duvenvoirdes, of Warmond, 46

E

Easterlings (north Germans), 95 ;

goods of, 108

"Eastward" trade, 90

Edam, 143 , 214 , 244 n. 36

Edward I, King of England, 34

Egmond Binnen, village of, 143

Egmont, Floris van, Count of Buren and lord of IJsselstein, 71 , 113 , 216 , 251 n. 44

Egmont, Karel van, 20 , 68 , 71 , 76 , 77 ;

and comparison to Attila the Hun, 242 n. 12;

and invasion of Utrecht, 75 ;

and Peace of Cambrai, 74

Egmont, Lamoraal van, 136 , 179 , 198 , 199 ;

advisor to Margaret of Parma, 177 ;

arrest and beheading of, 138 ;

and navigation rights, 188 ;

opposed to new bishoprics, 178 ;

and privilege of 1522, 138 ;

and reclamation projects, 197 ;

as one of "three personages," 137 , 188

Egmont, Maximiliaan van, Count of Buren, 102 , 112 , 136 , 137 , 236 n. 72

Egmont families, 21 , 45 , 60

Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 181

Emden, 204 , 275 n. 17

Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, 38 , 39 , 176 , 177 , 184 , 185 , 194 , 200 , 201 , 231 n. 24

Emperor's war, 109 , 110

Enclaves, feudal: and payment of beden,86 ;

and taxation, 60 , 135 -138

Endogamy, 134

Engelbrechtszoon, Floris, 193 , 280 n. 67

England: Elizabethan, and suppression of religious dissent, 159 ;

kerseys from, 25 ;

and two-chamber parliament, 34 ;

woolen cloth from, 21 ;

wool from, 24 , 25

English Channel, and German merchants, 97

Enkhuizen: and Baltic trade, 94 ;

and fishing, 10 ;

herring busses from, 95 ;

as home port, 22 ;

New Church, 201 , 203 ;

Old Church, 201 ;

protest in, 201 , 206 ;

seamen at, 109 ;

and trade losses, 26

Enkhuizen, Sheriff of, 204

Erasmus, Desiderius, 65 , 69 , 70 , 151 , 169 ;

and account of invasion of

Asperen, 73 ;

birthday gift for, 212 ;

and lay rituals, 150 ;

and Niklaas Baechem van Egmond, 153 ;

and States of Holland, 161 ;

and usage of patria,212 -213;

and Zwingli, 153 ;

Works:

The Colloquies,161 ;

Enchiridion Militis Christiani,148

Erik of Pomerania, King of Denmark, Holland's support of, 16

Escornaix (Hoogstraten's nephew), 164

Estates General of France, 40

Europe, and Baltic trade, 95

Europe, eastern, and a two-chamber parliament, 34

Everaerts, Niklaas, 55 , 156 , 157 , 189 , 261 n. 83;

legal opinions of, 48 -49

Executions, 165 , 167 , 170 , 173 , 179 , 193 , 202 , 204

Exports: grain, ban on, 98 ;

taxes on, 248 n. 3

Exue (exit fee), 103 , 104 ;

defeat of plan, 105

Eynde, Huych van den, 154 , 164

Eynde, Jacob van den, 181

F

Ferdinand II, king, 44

Field armies, 51 , 64

Flanders, 6 , 10 , 14 , 20 ;

absence of tax records from, 140 ;

Anabaptist communities in, 274 n. 7;

and bede of Charles the Bold's reign, 23 ;

Calvinism in, 177 , 274 n. 7;

and Charles V, 98 ;

and Christiern II's dowry, 97 ;

and defense of Hainaut and Artois, 78 ;

and extraordinaris bede of 1523, 24 ;

and gemeen land,35 -36;

and herring fleets, 22 , 91 -92;

language of, 2 ;

and letters of obligation, 121 ;

and Philip the Bold, 12 ;

and Rhineland grain, 30 ;

and States of Holland, 33 ;

and tenth-penny tax, 139 ;

woolen industry in, 22

Flood control, 57

Florence, 64 , 133

Floris V, Count of Holland, 213

Fortifications, 116

Foundations, charitable, 148

"Four Members of Flanders," 35 , 37 , 42 , 43

France, 21 , 79 , 195 ;

and attack on Hainaut and Artois, 78 ;

and instruments similar to renten,232 n. 35;

and three curia parliament, 34 ;

war with, 92 , 116 , 139 , 176 , 212

Franche Comté, and Philip the Bold, 12

Franciscans, 163

Franco-Spanish wars, 51

Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, 4

Frederik, Duke of Holstein. See Frederick I, King of Denmark

Frederik I, King of Denmark, 106 , 107 , 108 , 111 , 253 n. 64

Free trade, 59 , 62

French language, 2

Friesland, 80 , 227 n. 49;

becomes a Habsburg province, 83 , 236 n. 80;

heresy investigations in, 177 -178;

and Holland, 75 , 245 n. 59;

renten expended for war in, 82

Frisian campaign of 1522-1523, 80

Fruin, Robert, 48

Fuggers, 52 , 108 , 123

Furs (statutes), 38

Furs, Russian, 22

Fyn island, 95

G

Gachard, L. P., 70

Garbrandsdochter, Geert, 266 n. 31

Gattinara, Mercurino, 78

Gavre, Prince of. See Egmont, Lamoraal van, 189

Geel, Jan van, 165

Geervliet, toll station, 23 , 188

Gelderland, addition of, 1543, 236 n. 80

Geldorp, Hendrik van, 273 n. 110

Gemeen land, and Advocate of Common Land, 53 ;

definition of, 35 -36

Genemuiden, ships held at, 163

George, Duke of Saxony, 245 n. 59

Geraerts, Cornelius. See Aurelius, Cornelius

German estates, and instruments of indebtedness, 232 n. 35

Germany, and three curia parliament, 34

Gerritszoon, Cornelis Willem, 215

Gerritszoon, Pieter, 127

Geyl, Pieter, 63

Ghent: fullers of, 22 , 62 ;

as one of "Four Members of Flanders," 35 ;

rebellion by, 14 , 103 , 172 ;

weavers of, 22 , 62

Goe Jan Verwellersluis, 239 n. 108, 239 -240 n. 111

Goes, Aert van der, 104 ;

and dagvaarten,257 n. 30;

and Hollander's appeal, 100 ;

and Hoogstraten, 83 , 101 , 110 , 251 n. 44;

payment to, 186 , 277 n. 38;

records of, 53 , 238 n. 97

Goetbeleet, Hendrik, 270 n. 70

Gois, Damião de, 101

Golden Fleece, Order of," 15

Gorinchem, 55 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 154 , 267 n. 38;

and suit against Dordrecht staple, 54 ;

Treaty of, 75

Gouda, 31 , 59 , 71 , 246 n. 63;

annual renten interest of, 28 ;

average annual income of, 28 ;

and beer brewing, 10 , 12 , 25 , 23 , 81 , 257 n. 34;

and binnenlandvaart,23 , 31 , 56 , 57 , 95 ;

and gratiën,53 ;

and Informatie,30 tab. 1;

locks at, 56 , 57 , 239 n. 111;

population of, 28 ;

and rederijkers competition, 171 -172;

and refusal to pay omslagen for warships, 90 , 92 , 93 ;

and seizure of five women, 173 ;

and speaking in States of Holland, 81 ;

toll station at, 23 , 56 ;

vroedschap resolutions for, 43 ;

and woolen cloth industry, 26 , 81

Goudt, Willem, 82 , 122 , 256 n. 17;

and Council of Finance, 119 -120;

as Receiver for beden,183

Gouw, Ter, 110

Gouwe river, 23 , 56

Government, mistrust of, 69 -70, 77

Gracious Lady. See Margaret of Austria

Grain: Baltic, 22 , 62 , 90 ;

and Baltic trade, 95 , 98 , 101 ;

congie on reexport of, 138 ;

and export ban, 98 , 105 , 251 n. 38;

export duties, 102 , 103 , 210 , 213 ;

prices of, 24 , 108 ;

Rhineland, 30 , 102 ;

shortages of, 192 , 279 n. 55;

taxes on, 16

Grammaye Jacques, 122 , 123

Grand Council of Mechelen, appeals to, 51 , 54 , 99 , 182 , 196 , 208 ;

and congie dispute, 102 , 199 ;

and control of grain, 105 ;

and De Schepper, 191 ;

and Dordrecht staple, 54 , 103 , 216 ;

establishment of, 45 ;

and Everaerts, 49 , 55 ;

and Holland and tolls, 100 , 235 n. 69;

and trial of Janne, 173 ;

and Salomonszoon, 283 n. 98;

and tax exemptions, 137

Granvelle, Antoine Perrenot, Bishop of Arras, lord of, 48 , 177

Granvelle, Nicholas Perrenot, lord of 102 , 105 , 179 , 199

Gratiën (rebates), 53 , 54 , 116 , 141 -142, 196

Gratuities (propeynen ), 184 , 185 , 199 , 251 n. 33, 277 n. 37

Grayson, Christopher, 196

"Great Cities": and ban on rural industry, 61 ;

and "Great Privilege," 19 ;

industries in, 22 ;

and Informatie,30 tab. 1;

list of, 15 ;

and renten, 20 , 27 ;

and voting rights, 37

"Great lords," 87 -88

Great Privilege of 1477, 19 , 42 , 154 , 226 n. 31, 232 n. 39

"Great purses," 51 , 52 , 184 , 195

Grievance. See Doleantie

Groats, 15

Groningen, addition of, 1536, 236 n. 80

Groot, Huygh de, 128

Grotius, Hugo, 128

Guelders, 4 , 68 , 80 ;

and Black Band, 68 ;

duchy of, 7 , 18 ;

location of, 68 ;

and return of Karel van Egmont, 20 ;

truces with, 79 , 83 , 84 ;

Veluwe district of, 247 n. 78

Guelders, Duke of, 21 , 60 , 65 , 112

Guelders wars, 75 tab. 2, 76 , 194 , 209 -210, 211 , 243 n. 28

Guilds, 61 , 62 , 224 n. 15;

military (schutters ), 196

Guise, Duke of, 274 n. 10

Gustavus Vasa, 252 n. 52

H

Haarlem, 27 , 28 , 163 , 227 n. 49, 246 n. 63, 246 n. 64;

and Anabaptists, 170 ;

and bede payments, 28 , 263 n. 103;

beer from, 10 , 23 , 25 , 26 , 227 n. 49;

and binnentandvaart,23 , 31 , 56 , 57 , 239 n. 111;

bypassing of, 239 n. 111;

cavalry at, 72 ;

and dagvaarten,43 ;

and gratiën,54 ;

and heresy offenders, 156 ;

and herring trade, 95 , 250 n. 18;

and industry, 26 , 59 ;

and Informatie,30 tab. 1;

inland shipper's guild of, 238 n. 101;

and Nassau's cavalry, 244 n. 36;

and omslagen for warships, 90 , 92 , 93 , 250 n. 18;

population of, 26 , 27 ;

St. John's gate prison, 200 ;

and seafaring trade, 228 n. 51;

ship-carpenters in, 22 ;

and States of Holland, 81 ;

and woolen industry, 26

Haarlemmermeer, 23 , 56 , 239 n. 111

Habsburg-Valois wars, 45 , 51 , 116 , 117 , 211 ;

and Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis, 177

The Hague, 7 , 71 ;

binnenhof, 189 ;

and burning at stake, 156 ;

and Council of Holland, 44 ;

and correspondence with Brussels, 205 ;

decline in industry in, 26 ;

Dominican cloister in, 181 ;

Habsburg officials in, 47 ;

as principal residence and administrative center, 12 ;

prisons in, 173 ;

St. James chapter church in, 178 ;

Voorpoort of, 153 , 173

Hainaut, language of, 2

Ham, Meynert van, 112 , 113 , 199

Hamburg, 95 , 97 , 101 , 111

Hanging, 202

Hans, King of Denmark, 106

Hanseatic League, 10 , 16 , 17 , 23 , 97

Harlingen, 113

Hazerswoude, 216

Heemraadschappen (polder boards), 9 -10, 214

Heenvliet, 173 , 202 , 216

Heiligen Weg, 239 n. 108

Hela, 106

Hendrik-Dirkisten. See Dirkisten

Hendrikszoon, Gerrit, 277 n. 39

Henry of Bavaria, Bishop of Utrecht, 86

Henry IV, 64

Henry VIII, King of England, 41

Heresy, 8 , 60 , 193 ;

and commercial towns, 216 ;

and death penalty, 152 ;

and feudal enclaves, 216 ;

sentences for, 172 tab. 12

Heretics, female, 166

Hermans, Willem, 71 , 76 ;

Hollandiae Gelriaeque Bellum,70

Hermelen, 239 n. 111

Herpertszoon, Jan Dirk, 128

Herring, 10 , 21 , 90 ;

prices for, 248 n. 3;

and Rhineland, 30 and Skåne, 12 ;

Herring fisheries, 22 , 54 , 59 , 90 , 95

's Hertogenbosch, 74 , 149 ;

St. John's Church, 149 ;

and stillsaeten,87 , 88

Heukelom, 259 n. 63

Heuterus, Pontus, 73

Hey Daems, Jan Gerritszoon, 126 , 127

Hibben, Christopher, Gouda in Revolt,127

Hildam, smashing of overtoom at, 239 n. 111

Hillebrandsdochter, Trijn, 266 n. 31

Hillegom, Joost van, 129

Hintze, Otto, 34 , 47

"Historie van Hollant," 70 , 71 , 72 , 80 , 110

Hoeks, 12 , 13 , 20 , 156 , 224 n. 15;

antiBurgundian, 45 ;

composition of, 11 ;

forced out of Holland, 19 ;

and Utrecht, 19

Hoen, Cornelis, 153 , 154 , 174

Hoen, Jan Dirkszoon, 126 , 127

Hoeve, Witte Aertszoon van der, 126

Hof van Holland. See Court of Holland

Hoffman, Melchior, and Anabaptists, 160

Hofjes (enclosed courtyards), 148 , 264 n. 6

Holland, 4 , 6 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 31 , 47 , 63 , 209 ;

and Antwerp toll, 235 n. 69;

and Baltic trade, 60 , 95 , 97 -98, 210 ;

and beden, 19 , 23 -24, 142 tab. 10, 180 ;

and binnenlandvaart,210 ;

and Black Band, 72 ;

and Christiern II, 97 ;

and Christiern III, 113 ;

chronicles of, 70 ;

civil war in, 19 , 20 ;

and closing of Sound, 98 , 107 ;

and comparison with Lübeck, 241 n. 116;

credit rating of, 212 ;

and Danzig, 97 ;

and Denmark, 105 -106, 107 ;

and extraordinaris bede of 1523, 24 ;

and free trade, 241 n. 116;

and guilds, 14 ;

and herring fleets, 22 , 91 ;

incorporation into Burgundian Netherlands, 15 -16;

language of, 2 ;

as a lichaem,36 ;

and Livonia, 97 ;

and northern Brabant, 84 ;

patriotism in, 212 ;

population of, 11 , 31 , 135 ;

and Prussia, 97 ;

public debt of, 117 ;

Receiver for Beden,51 , 53 ;

shipbuilding in, 7 , 95 ;

shipping interests in, 52 ;

state of religion in, 204 ;

and States of, 33 ;

and taxes, 139 ;

and war with France, 1536, 92 ;

and war with Lübeck, 16 , 23 ;

and war with Utrecht, 1481-1484, 19 -20;

and Wendish cities, 16 , 106 ;

woolen industry in, 24

Hollandse IJssel, 23 , 55

Holland Toll, 56 , 57

Holstein, Duke of. See Frederick I, King of Denmark

Hondsbosch, 143

Hondschoote, say-weavers from, 25

Hoogheemraadschappen (polder boards, higher), 10 , 56 , 57 , 59

Hoogstraten, Antoine de Lalaing, count of, 44 , 82 , 85 , 89 , 93 , 109 , 147 , 158 , 187 , 198 , 251 n. 44;

and Aert van der Goes, 101 ;

and Anabaptists, 162 , 163 ;

and Assendelft, 168 ;

and Baltic trade, 162 ;

and ban on rural industry, 61 ;

and bede income, 118 ;

and Castre, 199 ;

and Council of Holland, 236 n. 73;

and Count Palatine, 112 ;

death of, 170 ;

distributing gratuities,

102 ;

and embargo on trade, 86 ;

and Everaerts, 55 ;

and extraordinaris beden,100 , 146 ;

and Gorinchem, 78 ;

as head of Council of Finanace, Mechelen, 84 ;

and heresy, 159 , 161 , 167 ;

informers for, 161 ;

and Jan Hubrechtszoon, 159 ;

and Long John, 160 ;

and Lübeck, 110 ;

and Meynert van Ham, 113 ;

obligation of, 253 n. 68;

personal bonds from, 117 ;

pledge of credit, 247 n. 75;

and protesters, 163 ;

raising of army by, 76 , 267 n. 38;

recommends attack to the Regent, 79 ;

reimbursement of, 83 ;

replaced by Reynier van Nassau, 103 , 136 ;

and revised budget, 77 ;

and reward from States of Holland, 103 ;

and special licenses, 99 ;

and States of Holland, 119 ;

and stilsaeten,85 -87;

and war fleet, 110 ;

and Wouters, 158 ;

and Zeghers, 169

Hoorn, 22 , 72 , 203 ;

and Baltic trade, 94 ;

Catholics in, 206 ;

infantry in, 244 n. 36;

Lutheranism in, 156 ;

number of ships from, 27 ;

and trade losses, 26 , 106

Hornes, Philippe de Montmorency, Count of, 136 , 137 , 138 ;

one of "three personages," 188 ;

opposed to Granvelle, 179 ;

and quarrel with States, 282 n. 83

Hortensius, Lambertus, 73

Hove, Vrank van der, 122 , 256 n. 24

Hubrechtszoon, Jan, 156 , 159 , 270 n. 75

Hulst, Frans van der, 153 , 154 , 155 , 157 , 267 n. 38

Huygeszoon, Hendrik, 214 , 21

I

Iberia, 34 , 101

Iconoclasm, 7 , 180 , 208 ;

and crisis of August 1566, 196

IJ dike, 10 , 59 , 239 n. 111

IJ river, 23 , 56 , 94 , 95 , 239 n. 111

IJssel river, 57

IJsselstein, Floris van, 71 , 72 , 85 , 136 , 251 n. 44, 259 n. 63;

and capture of Guelders towns, 86 ;

and Peace of Cambrai, 74 ;

popularity in Dordrecht, 243 n. 28;

recommends attack to Regent, 79 ;

and States of Holland, 199 ;

and stilsaeten (Private Truces), 85 -87, 88

Imitation of Christ,148

Index of forbidden works, 171

Industries, prohibitions against, 61 , 62

Influence-buying, 50

Informatie, 26 , 27 ;

of 1514, 56 , 213 ;

definition of, 252 n. 44

Inland waterway. See Binnenlandvaart (inland waterway)

Innocent III, pope, 152

Institutions, provincial, growing autonomy of, 208

Isabella of Austria, 97 , 106

Isabella of Castile, 21

Italy, and a three curia parliament, 34

J

Jacoba of Bavaria, 12 -13, 14

Jacobszoon, Andries, 69 , 78 , 88 , 92 , 157 ;

"Prothocolle van alle die reysen  . . .  bij mij Andries Jacops gedaen," 77 ;

and Ruffault, 98 ;

travel diary of, 43 , 54 , 233 n. 49

Jacobszoon, Lambrecht, and dagvaarten attendance, 125

Jacobszoon, Robrecht, 245 n. 51

James I, Lord Treasurer of, 42

Jan IV, Count of Egmont, 136

Janne (Johanna), and heresy charges, 173

Jansen, H. P. H., 10 , 223 n. 4

Janszoon, Joris, 205

Janszoon, Ruysch, 82 , 83 , 103 , 108 , 129 , 161 , 166 , 198 , 246 n. 71

John the Fearless, 12 , 13

Jonge family, de, 133

Joris, David, 202 , 268 n. 46

Joyeuse entrée. See Blijde inkomst

Juana, Queen of Castile and Aragón, 21

Julich, duchy of, 230 n. 21

Jutland, in control of Christiern III, 111

K

Kabeljauws, 12 , 45 , 156 ;

castles of, 13 ;

composition of, 11 ;

and excise taxes, 19 ;

and Philip the Good, 14

Kalmar, Union of, 252 n. 52

Kennemerland: Bailiff of, 164 ;

"bread and cheese" revolt in, 13 , 20 ;

and election of deputies, 11 ;

peasants of, 13 , 14 ;

and religious dissenters, 162 ;

villages of, 135

Keohane, Nannerl, 222 n. 11

Kerkmeesteren (churchwardens), 148

Kerseys, from England, 25

Ketel, Heyman van der, 121 , 122 , 197

Ketelboeter, Jan Gerritszoon, 204

Ketner, F., 23

Klaasdochter, Wendelmoet, 156

Knechten, transport of, 113

Knights of the Golden Fleece, 179

Koeck, Willem Klasszoon, 266 n. 31, 272 n. 90

Koenigsberger, H. G., 1 , 47 , 48 , 50

L

Laesa majestas (treason), 152 , 157

Laesa majestas divina,152 , 174

Lalaing, Antoine de, Count of Hoogstraten. See Hoogstraten, Antoine de Lalaing, Count of

Lalaing family, 45

Land, definition of, 35

Land, taxes on, 141 -142

Landschaft, definition of, 35

Landsknechten (infantry), 76

Landstände, definition of, 35

Landtag, 38 , 39 , 41 , 42

Land van Stein,35

Lannoy, Philippe de, lord of Molembaix, 102

La Rochelle, 90

Lastgelt tax, 91 , 92 , 106 , 248 n. 3

Lauwerijns, Joost, 153 , 154 , 157 , 158 , 169

Laws, heresy, 60 , 147

Lawsuits, summaries of, 196

Leases, and bede payments, 262 n. 94

Leather-working, prohibitions against, 62

Le Chasseur, Catherine, 189 , 190

Le Cocq, Bauduoin, 172

Leerdam, 137 , 236 n. 72, 259 n. 63

Legists ("men of the long robe"), 45 , 46 , 66

Leiden, 24 -25, 27 , 246 n. 63, 263 n. 103;

and binnenlandvaart,56 , 57 ;

and cloth industry, 10 , 21 ;

cloth-weaving sisters of, 149 ;

and escape of Van Rossum, 85 ;

and gratiën,53 , 54 ;

and industry, 31 , 59 ;

and Informatie,30 tab. 1;

and omslagen for warships, 90 , 92 , 93 ;

and ordinaris bede,27 ;

and rederijkers competition, 171 ;

Spanish siege of, 209 ;

and States of Holland, 81 ;

surrender of Anabaptists in, 164 ;

and tolls at Gouda and Sparendam, 239 n. 108;

woolen industry in, 12 , 22 , 24

Leidschendam, 209 , 216 , 239 n. 111

Lek dike, 239 n. 111

Lek river, 55 , 68

Lèse-majesté divine,152 ;

definition of, 151

Leuven, 69 , 74 , 245 n. 55;

university of, 46 , 48 , 153 , 177

Liège, and Calvinism, 180

Lijfrenten, 258 n. 50, 277 n. 39

Lindanus, Willem, 177 -178, 179 , 204 , 205 , 206

Lisbon, 101 ;

and grain, 98 , 192

Litigation, increase in volume of, 191

Livonia, and Holland shipping, 97

Loans, repayment of, 237 n. 83

Locks, at Sparendam, 23

Loenen, J.C. van, 26

Long John (lumberman), 160

Loo, Albrecht van, 53 , 238 n. 97, 277 n. 37

Losrenten, 277 n. 39

Louis II, of Hungary, 45

Low Countries, waterschappen of, 230 n. 14

Lübeck, 16 , 95 , 97 , 253 n. 64;

and Baltic trade, 10 ;

and closing of the Sound, 106 ;

and comparison with Holland, 241 n. 116;

and Denmark, 105 , 106 , 112 ;

and four year's truce, 111 ;

and Hanseatic League, 16 ;

and Lutheran Reformation, 107 ;

and war with Holland, 16 , 23 , 98 , 210 , 253 n. 65

Lübeck Arms, 97

Luther, Martin, 149 , 151 , 152 , 154

Lutheran Reformation, 40 , 107 , 111

Lutherans and Lutheranism, 156 , 159 , 171 , 174 , 265 n. 13;

and heresy laws, 147

M

Maas delta, 18 , 57 , 94 , 188 , 197

Maas river, 30 , 68 , 71 , 99 , 102 , 153 ;

and inland waterway, 23 ;

and herring fisheries, 59 ;

and sea dikes, 10

Maas-Scheldt estuary, 56

Maastricht, 120

Maas valley, 210

Magistrates: power of, 41 ;

and purchases of renten,131 , 131 tab. 7a

Magnum consilium,33 -34

Malmö, 16 , 106

Mande, Hendrik van, 264 n. 10

Mandemaker, Jan Janszoon, 202 -203

Mangelman (clerk for Coebel), 183

Manufacturing, and damage by war, 197

Marck, Erard de la, Prince-Bishop of Liège, 85

Margaret of Austria, 42 , 46 , 79 , 156 ;

and orders to Rudolf von Anhalt, 69 ;

and Castre, 84 ;

and Christiern II, 107 ;

and congie, 98 ;

and Emperor's placard,155 ;

and funds from States General, 74 ;

and grain exports, 98 ;

and Guelders, 68 ;

and Hoen, 154 ;

and lastgelt,106 ;

as Regent for Charles v, 21 , 44 -45;

speaks in Mechelen, 78 ;

and special licenses, 99 ;

and States of Brabant, 74 ;

and stillsaeten,85 -87;

and Van Rossum's assault on The Hague, 73

Margaret of Bavaria, 11

Margaret of Parma, 180 , 198 , 204 , 208 ;

appointed Regent, 177 ;

and Council of State, 199 ;

and heretics, 205 ;

and Knights of the Golden Fleece, 179 ;

and Lindanus, 205 , 206 ;

and Mennonites, 203 ;

and revenues, 195 ;

and sheriff's office, 194

Marguerite of Burgundy, marriage of, 12

Mary of Burgundy, 2 , 19 , 20 ;

and "Great Privilege" of 1477, 19 , 226 n. 31

Mary of Hungary, 3 , 45 , 105 , 111 ;

advisers of, 110 ;

and Baerdes, 192 ;

and Christoffel, 112 ;

and correspondence with Charles v, 46 , 234 n. 57;

and Council of Holland, 236 n. 73;

and Easterling goods, 108 ;

and grain export, 102 ;

and letters of obligation, 121 ;

and Meynert van Ham, 113 ;

and naming of a Supreme Commander for fleet, 109 ;

and naval defense plan, 93 , 94 ;

and placards,160 , 278 n. 48;

and price-trigger mechanism, 192 ;

and privileges, 194 ;

and rederijkers competition, 171 ;

as Regent, 45 , 101 , 113 ;

and revenues, 120 ;

and rewards, 102 -103;

and safe conduct certificates, 93 ;

and Scottish piracy, 93 ;

successor to Margaret of Austria, 87 ;

and taxes, 48 , 116 , 139 , 250 n. 17;

and visit to The Hague, 169

Mary, Queen of Scots, 93

Masonry, prohibitions against, 62

Masons, wages of, 245 n. 46

Mattheus, Geraard Klaaszoon, 143

Mattheuszoon, Klaas Gerrit, 130 tab. 6, 168 , 272 n. 90

Maximilian I, 2 -3, 20 , 44 , 88 , 150 ;

and duty on grain exports, 61 , 98 , 213 ;

and financing of projects, 66 ;

and Peace of Cambrai, 74 ;

as Regent for Archduke Philip the Fair, 20

Mechelen, 2 , 45 , 84 , 98 , 158 ;

Margaret of Austria speaks in, 78 ;

Parlement of, 18 , 19

Medemblik, 204 , 206 , 244 n. 36

Meetings, secret, laws banning, 155

Meilink, P. A., 100

Melchiorites, 160 , 162

Mellink, A. F., 170 , 183

Mennonite communities, 202 -203

Mercenaries, Walloon, 84 , 164

Merchants, Easterling, 101

Merkeren, Geraard van, 110

Merula, Angelus, case of, 173 , 174

Merwede river, and inland waterway, 57

Middelburg, 101 ;

heretics under arrest in, 177

Mierop, Vincent Corneliszoon van, 48 , 121 , 145 , 169 , 197 , 235 n. 64;

daughter of, 134

"Mighty lords," 212

Mijle, Arent Corneliszoon van der, 127 , 134

Milde, Jacob de, 120 , 233 n. 49;

and dagvaarten attendance, 125 ;

travel diary of, 43

Militia, civic, 64

Miracles, Eucharistic, 150

Moel, Jan Willemszoon, 126

Mohacs, battle of, 45

Molembaix, lord of. See Lannoy, Philippe de, lord of Molembaix

Monasteries, Benedictine, 149

Monetary system, 15

Monnikendam, 156 , 163 , 164 , 244 n. 36, 268 , n. 46

"Monopolies," 52

"Monopolists," 192

Montesquieu, Baron de la Brède et de, 1

Montfoort, 86

Montfoort, Pieter van, 165

Montmorency, Philippe de. See Count of Hornes

Montmorency family, 45

Morgental (acreage tax), 116 , 123 , 124 , 135 , 142 , 256 n. 24;

differences from tenth-penny tax, 143

"Mother trade," 91

Münster, Anabaptist kingdom of, 69 , 147 , 160 , 162

Münster, Bishop of, 69

Muys, Cornelis, 150

Muys, Pieter Jacobszoon, 127

N

Naaldwijk, 169 , 171 , 172

Naarden, 26 , 78

Namur, language of, 2

Nancy, and assault by Charles the Bold, 17

Nassau, Hendrik van, Prince of Orange, 72 , 73 , 136 , 187 , 244 n. 36, 246 n. 64, 251 n. 44

Nassau, Reynier van, Prince of Orange, 102 , 120 , 136 , 171 , 187 ;

replaces Hoogstraten, 103 ;

and loan for payment of troops, 256 n. 17;

and reward from States of Holland, 103

Nassau, Wilhelm van. See Orange, William of

Nassau, 251 n. 44;

and cavalry in Haarlem, 244 n. 36;

and cavalry in Schoonhoven, 244 n. 36

Nassau families, 21 , 45 , 60

Naumburg, 188

Nederrijn river, 68

Netherlands, central government of, 33 ;

and Christiern II, 107 ;

and Christiern III, 111 ;

division of, 63 ;

"First Revolt" of, 180 ;

geopolitical situation of, 50 ;

languages of, 2 ;

new bishoprics for, 175 , 178 ;

and one-year truce with Guelders, 79 ;

renten in, 41 ;

and Sound, 95 , 98 ;

Spanish, and suppression of religious dissent, 159 ;

standing army of, 76

Netherlands Protestant martyrology, 156

New Testament, Dutch editions of, 155

Nierop, Henk F. K. van, 133 , 134 , 191

Nieuwland, Niklaas van, Bishop of Haarlem, 204

Nobility, privileges of, 60 , 135

Nobles, 61 , 66 ;

college of (ridderschap ), 140 , 191 ;

and Council of Holland, 53 ;

and influence at court, 49 -50;

and opposition to placards,180 ;

and purchases of renten,133 ;

and States of Holland, 53 ;

and taxes, 230 n. 15, 250 n. 17

Noordegraaf, Leo, 24 , 31

Nootdorp channel, 240 n. 112

Normandy, merchantmen of, 91

North Sea, and herring, 12

Norway, and Union of Kalmar, 252 n. 52

O

Obligatiën,123 tab. 3, 183 , 276 n. 25

Obligation, letters of, 121

Observant Franciscans, 149 , 150

Occo, Poppius, 108 , 253 n. 59

Occo, Sijbrand Poppiuszoon, 130 tab. 6

Oem van Wijngaerden, Floris, 153 , 154

Officials, gratuities for, 180

Oldeklooster, monastery of, 165

Oldenburg, count of. See Christoffel, count of Oldenburg

Omslagen, 53 , 62 , 90 , 92 , 93 , 121 , 185 -186, 250 n. 18

Oom, Jacob, 127

Opmeer, Dirk Hendrikszoon, 258 n. 57

Orange, house of, 4 , 7

Orange, William of, 136 , 171 , 195 ;

authority of, 199 ;

and Coebel, 182 ;

and death penalty, 207 ;

exile of, 138 ;

and Granvelle, 179 ;

gratuity to, 199 ;

and Margaret of Parma, 177 ;

marriage to Anna of Saxony, 188 ;

and new bishoprics, 178 ;

as one of "three personages," 137 ;

privileges of, 207 ;

and relationship with government, 137 , 180 , 198 , 274 n. 10, 282 n. 83;

and siege of Leiden, 209 ;

successor of Vere, 187 ;

unsuccessful invasion of, 221 n. 7

Ordinances, posting of, 235 n. 62

Øresund. See Sound

Orleans, university of, law faculty, 189

Ortelius, Abraham, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum,277 -278 n. 46

Oslo, and siege of Christiern II, 107

Otter, Dirk Hillebrandszoon, 130 tab. 6, 143 , 266 , n. 31

Ouder Amstel, Heyman Jacobszoon van, 143 , 160 , 248 n. 96, 266 n. 31, 270 n. 75

Oude Rijn river, 23 , 31 , 56 , 239 n. 111

Oudewater, 201 , 240 n. 111

Overijssel, 86 , 148 , 162 , 163 , 164 ;

addition of, 1527, 75 , 236 n. 80

P

Paf, Egge Garbrandszoon, 266 n. 31, 272 n. 90

Palatine, Count, 111 , 112 , 113

Palermo, Archbishop of. See Carondolet, Jean, Archbishop of Palermo

Papal bull, Super Universas, and new bishoprics, 178

Parker, Geoffrey, 180

Parliament, English, 36 , 37 , 41 , 221 n. 2, 232 n. 36

Parliaments, 33 -34, 35 , 40 , 42 ;

types of, 37 -38

Patria, usage of term, 212 -213

Payment orders, 196

Peasants, 66 , 135 , 214 , 215

Pelt, Jan, 99

Pensionaries, 53 , 125 ;

travel diaries of (Memoriaalboek ), 43 , 54 ;

trips to dagvaarten by, 124 tab. 4, 125

Perrenot, Antoine. See Granvelle, Antoine Perrenot, Bishop of Arras and lord of

Perrenot, Nicholas. See Granvelle, Nicholas Perrenot, lord of

Persijn, Hippolytus, 207

Personal bonds (obligations ), 117

Philip, Archduke, 68 , 88

Philip II, 3 , 7 , 8 , 48 , 61 , 63 ;

and debts, 183 ;

and "Great Privilege" of 1477, 226 n. 31;

and letters from Segovia Wood, 180 ;

and new bishoprics, 175 , 178 ;

and placards,177 , 207 ;

and proposal for sales of renten,176 ;

revolt against, 208 ;

and "three personages," 138 , 188 , 216

Philip of Leiden, De Cura Reipublicae,47 -48

Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, 12

Philip the Fair, 7 , 20 , 21 , 27

Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, 2 , 9 , 13 , 17 , 18 , 224 n. 13;

and common currency, 15 ;

and concordat with Bishop of Utrecht, 1434, 267 n. 39;

and creation of Council of Holland, 14 ;

and creation of Order of Golden Fleece, 15 ;

and Kabeljauw towns, 14 ;

and ordinaris bede,16

Philipszoon, Damas, 127 , 134

Piedmont, Stati Generali of, 38 , 39 , 42

Piedmont-Savoy, 34 , 47

Pieterszoon, Herman, 172

Pieterszoon, Meinert, 205

Pijnacker, two women of, 169

Pilgrimages, 150 , 156

Pirenne, Henri, 5 , 61 , 62

Pistorius, Jan, 156

Pitch, from Baltic, 22

Placards (plakkaten ), 8 ;

and arbitrale correctie,167 ;

enforcement of, 203 , 206 ;

opposition against, 199 , 200 ;

posting of, 235 n. 62;

reissues of October 1529, 160 ;

of 1521, 152 ;

of October 1529, 159 ;

of 27 February 1534, 166 ;

of 1544 and 1550, 171 ;

of 1564, 203

Platander, Balthasar, 201

Plays, satirical, 171

Poederoy, 70 , 76

Poland, rye from, 192

Polder boards. See Heemraadschappen (polder boards)

Polder boards, higher. See Hoogheemraadschappen (polder boards, higher)

Poor (Clares, 150 , 151

Posthumus, N. W., 22

Potestas absoluta,55

Power, princely, 42 , 47 , 64

Powicke, Maurice, 47

Praet, lord of. See Vlaanderen, Lodewijk van, lord of Praet

Prevenier, W., 43

Priapus, 206

Price-trigger mechanism, 192

Prisons, 153 , 157 , 158 , 173 , 200

Privateers, 91 , 187 ;

Scottish, 90 , 91 , 93

Privilege: clerical, 150 ;

principle of, 62

Privileges: special, 6 , 213 ;

strongbox for, 181

Privy Council, 45 , 46 , 85 , 99 , 100 , 101

Processions, participation in, 155 -156

Process-servers (deurwaarders ), 47

Procurator General, 158 , 167 , 203 , 204

Promissory notes (rentemeesterbrieven ), 121

Property: ecclesiastical, census of, 18 ;

seizure of, 184

Protectionism, urban, 62

Protestantism, 155 , 159 , 179 ;

and heresy laws, 147

Provinces, autonomy of, 19 ;

French-speaking, 21 , 45 ;

Netherlandish-speaking, 21 , 45 ;

and "ordinary subsidy" quota, 6 ;

three estates of, 4

Prussia, and Holland shipping, 97

Putten island, 18 , 188 , 189 , 197

Q

Quittances (décharges ), 119 , 123

R

Raad van Holland. See Council of Holland

Rantzau, Melchior, 108 , 111 , 253 n. 60

Ravensberg, Gerrit Hendrikszoon van, 129 , 131 , 134 , 187

Real property, ten percent tax on, 116

Rebates. See Gratiën

Rebates, tax, 196

Recalf, Goosen Janszoon, 248 n. 96

Receiver for the Beden,88 , 117 , 122 , 145 , 186 , 211 , 256 n. 24, 257 n. 29

Receiver for the Common Land, 177 , 180 , 195 , 198 , 211 , 257 n. 29;

appointment of, 121 ;

and collecting and disbursing levies, 123 ;

controlled by States, 212 ;

offices of, 181 , 275 n. 19;

and omslagen,53 , 185 ;

and payment to "foreigners," 255 n. 4;

role of, 122

Receiver for the Zeeland Toll, 99

Reclamation projects, 142 , 197

Rederijkers (rhetoricians), 171

Reformation in the Netherlands, 268 n. 57

Regensburg, 136

Regents: and potestas absoluta,136 ;

special levies for, 185

Rekenkamer van Holland. See Chamber of Accounts

Renneberg, Wilhelm von, to replace Castre, 85

Rentebrief, 258 n. 50

Renten, 24 , 27 , 41 , 115 , 116 ;

and annual interest charged, 185 ;

conversion to lower rate, 276 n. 32;

investers in, 117 , 130 , 131 , 131 tab. 7a, 131 tab. 7b, 132 tab. 8;

redemption of, 185 ;

sale of, 210

Resolutiën van de Staten van Holland,42 -43, 182 , 186 , 196

Revolt in the Netherlands, 3 , 6 , 7 , 14 , 23 , 25 , 27 , 63 , 185 ;

beginning of, 1568, 221 n. 7;

and defense of privileges, 213 ;

and William of Orange, 209

Revolt of the Comuneros,34 , 40

Rhine, wine from, 21

Rhine river, 68

Rigsrad, Danish, 111

Rijnland, 56

Rijn river, 210 , 214

Rijswijk, ambachtsheer of, 198

Riots, 104 , 105 , 149 , 151 , 201 -202

Roermond, 204 , 205

"Roet Boek van de Staten van Brabant," 70

Roeulx, count of. See Croy, Adrien de, count of Roeulx

Rossum, Maarten van, 73 , 84 -85

Rotte river, 239 n. 111

Rotterdam: and an alternate inland waterway, 57 ;

"bread and cheese" revolt in, 20 ;

burgermeesteren of, 30 ;

and Dordrecht, 55 , 59 ;

and fishing, 10 , 54 , 228 n. 57;

rederijkers competition at, 171 ;

riot in, 201 -202;

route to Antwerp, 188

Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 1

Route changes, disputes over, 239 n. 111

Ruffault, Jean, 98 , 100 ;

and congie,103 , 251 n. 44;

and Grand Council decision of 1531, 102

Rural property, taxes on, 261 n. 86

Rye: from Baltic, 22 ;

from Poland, 192 ;

profit from, 101

S

"Sacramentarians," 147 , 264 n. 3

"Safe-conducts," 92 , 93 , 249 n. 12

St. Francis, 206

Saint Geertruidenberg, 153 , 154

St. Jerome, Epistulae,153

Salomonszoon, Andries, 283 n. 98

Salt, 21 , 54 , 90 , 92 , 99 , 101

Saluzzo, marquisate, 38

Sandelijn, Adriaan, 125 , 190 ;

travel diary of, 43 , 233 n. 49

Sartorius, Jan, 159 , 169

Sasbout, Jan, 134

Sasbout, Jan Janszoon, 134

Sasbout, Joost, 134

Sasbout Dirkszoon, Jan, 128

Sasbout family, 133

Savoy, Charles, Duke of, troops recruited by, 244 n. 40

Savoy, Duke of. See Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy

Savoy, estates of, 38 , 39

Says, from Armentières, 25

Scandinavia, and two-chamber parliament, 34

Scepper, Cornelis de, 94

Scheldt estuary, 97 , 101

Schepenen, college of, 125 , 168 , 193

Schepper, Hugo de, 191

Schetz, Erasmus, 101

Schetz, Gaspar, 184 , 185

Schiedam, 30 , 93 , 127 ;

and herring fishery, 54 , 95 , 228 n. 57, 249 n. 11

Schie river, 30

Schiltal (assessment of wealth), 16 , 28 , 53 , 122 , 135 , 141

Schleswig, Christiern II's imprisonment in, 108

Schmalkaldic War, 136

Schoonhoven, 55 , 69 , 239 -240 n. 111, 244 n. 36;

Treaty of, 75

Schore, Lodewijk van, 46 , 48 , 103 , 104 , 137 , 169 , 173

Schulte-Noordholt, Leo, 271 n. 78

Scotland, herring fishery of, 91

Secretaries extraordinary, 47

Secretaries ordinary, 47

Secret Council, 49 , 103 , 104 , 105 ;

and correspondence with Council of Holland, 191 ;

creation of, 46 ;

and lawsuits, 196 ;

and petitions to have a vroedschap,213 -214;

and privileges

to Voorne, 236 n. 70 and toll revenues, 235 n. 69

Segovia Wood, 180 , 207

Seven Years' War of the North, 181

Shennan, J. H., 66

Sheriff, control of office of, 194

Ship-building, Dutch, 7

Ships: grain, 101 , 104 ;

Holland, captured by Lübeck warships, 108

Sijvertszoon, Jan, 157 , 158

Simons, Menno, 147 , 170

Sisters of the Common Life, 148

Skåne, 12 , 95 , 252 n. 52

Sloten, 80 , 83

Snouckaert, Willem, 182 , 185 , 186 ;

attack on Coebel and management of funds, 190 ;

and letters patent, 191 ;

and preservation of orthodoxy, 278 n. 52;

resignation of, 190 ;

Willem, and list of indictments, 185

Snoy, Reynier, 71 ;

De Rebus Batavicis Libri XIII,70

Sonnius, Franciscus, 173

Sound, 97 , 98 , 198 ;

and Holland ships, 31 , 106 , 108 ;

Merkeren's fleet in, 110

Sound Toll, 16 , 22 , 95 , 195

Soutelande, Pieter van, 200

South Holland, as a lichaem,36

Spaarne river, 23 , 56

Spain, 5 ;

and defense of the Netherlands, 118 ;

and instruments similar to renten,232 n. 35;

wool from, 25

Sparendam, 23 , 56 , 59 , 143 , 163 ;

Half Moon at, 164

Spinelly, Thomas, 71

Spoeye channel, 188 , 198 , 278 n. 46

Stadholder, special levies for, 185

Staet, definition of, 245 n. 49

Standing armies, 64 , 76

State, concept of, 47

Staten van Holland. See States of Holland

States General of the Netherlands, 3 , 4 , 7 , 15 , 18 , 34 , 112 ;

and annual taxes, 6 ;

and Antwerp exchange, 176 ;

and deputies for, 3 , 4 , 208 ;

and dissolvement of Union, 222 n. 13;

and "Great Privilege," 19 ;

and Guelders war, 68 ;

and ordinaris bede of 1468, 18 ;

and Philip the Good, 2 ;

and summaries of meetings, 70

States of Brabant, 37 , 42 , 82 , 140 , 178

States of Flanders, 43 , 140

States of Holland, 7 , 8 , 14 , 34 , 49 , 63 ;

and acceptatie,41 ;

and Amsterdam's influence, 81 ;

autonomy of, 53 , 115 , 181 -182;

beden, 75 tab. 2, 79 , 118 ;

and Castre, 199 ;

and Coebel, 187 ;

and congie,101 , 199 ;

and control of Receiver for the Common Land, 122 , 123 , 212 ;

and credit rating, 183 ;

and de non evocando,153 , 202 ;

and deputies, 197 ;

and Erasmus, 161 ;

and extraordinaris beden,86 , 100 , 101 , 110 , 120 , 142 , 275 n. 16;

and financial problems, 51 ;

and fiscal issues, 209 ;

fiscal power of, 115 ;

and gemeen lands renten,36 ;

and Guelders war, 76 ;

and heresy laws, 173 ;

and Hulst, 155 ;

and IJsselstein, 88 , 199 ;

and indictments of, 182 ;

and influence-buying, 50 ;

and inquisition, 152 ;

interests of, 53 ;

and lawsuits, 196 ;

and Lübeck, 106 ;

and majority rule, 226 n. 31;

and Margaret of Parma, 181 ;

and Mary of Hungary's orders, 199 ;

meetings of (see Dagvaarten; meetings of States);

and military affairs, 64 -65;

and a militia proposal, 76 ;

and navigation rights, 188 ;

and nobles, 140 , 197 ;

and obligatiën,121 ;

and omslagen,62 , 92 , 93 ;

order of speaking in, 81 -82;

and ordinaris bede,102 , 211 , 212 ;

and payment to Viglius, 186 ;

and renten, 20 , 24 , 36 , 77 , 80 -81, 84 , 117 , 119 , 123 , 211 , 212 ;

and "renten of the common land, " 27 ;

"resolutions" of, 42 ;

and rewards, 103 ;

and Sound Toll, 195 ;

and standing committees, 39 ;

and stillsaeten,85 -87;

and taxes, 48 , 120 , 149 ;

and treasurers accounts, 43 ;

votes in, 15 ;

and war subsidies, 65 ;

and warships, 92 , 93 , 109 ;

and William of Orange, 209

Steyn, 70

Stillsaeten (private truces), 66 , 85 -87, 88 , 216

Strayer, Joseph, 221 n. 1

Strijen island, 18

Stuivers, 15

Subsidies. See Beden

Super Universas, papal bull, 178

Supreme Commander for the fleet, 109 , 110

Suys, Cornelis, 184 , 189 , 203 ;

as ambachtsheer of Rijswijk, 198 ;

and Coebel, 190 ;

and charges of impropriety, 190 ;

gratuity to, 277 n. 38;

and letters patent, 191 ;

and Philip II's government, 192 ;

and promotion,

278 n. 50;

and Sandelijn, 190 ;

and Viglius, 191

Swamps, drainage of, 10

Sweden: and Union of Kalmar, 252 n. 52;

and war with Denmark, 181

Swiss Confederation, 1 , 3

Swiss Diet, 3

T

Tapper, Ruard, 171 , 174 , 201 , 278 n. 52

Taxes and taxation, 4 , 60 , 73 , 76 , 139 , 145 , 246 n. 69;

acreage (see Morgental (acreage tax));

and commercial wealth, 115 , 138 -141;

and deputies, 135 , 141 ;

excise (see Accijnsen (excise taxes));

exemptions from, 86 ;

grain, 264 n. 1;

hearth, 261 n. 86, 263 n. 95;

hundredth-penny, 27 , 28 , 138 -139;

impost and land, 184 , 185 , 211 , 212 , 276 n. 29;

levels of, 16 , 18 ;

and peasantry, 116 ;

and privileged enclaves, 115 , 135 -138;

tenth penny, 137 , 138 -139, 143 , 181 , 184 ;

thousandth-penny, 28 ;

and urban commoners, 116 , 135 ;

wine, 139 -140, 139 tab. 9

Texel island, 108 , 203

Theologians, Leuven, 171

Thirty Year's War, 64

"Three personages," 137 , 138 , 188 , 207 , 216

Tiel, 86 , 87 , 88

Tienen, 69

Tilly, Graf von, 64

Timbers, for masts, 22

Tolls: Antwerp, 235 n. 69;

Gouda, 238 n. 104, 239 n. 108;

Holland, 56 , 57 ;

Sound, 16 , 22 , 95 , 195 ;

Sparendam, 239 n. 108;

Zeeland, 99 , 100

Toll stations, 23 , 56 , 188

Torture, 280 n. 67, 283 n. 101

Trade: and Amsterdam, 59 , 94 ;

Baltic, 7 , 16 -17, 60 , 90 , 164 ;

cessation of, 162 ;

embargo on, 86 ;

grain, 134 ;

growth of, 21 ;

and Holland, 210 ;

and Lübeck, 10

Treason (lèse-majesté ), and de non evocando,153

Treasurer of War, 82 , 88 -89, 247 n. 95

Treasurers, annual accounts of, 43

Trials, heresy, 173

Troops, professional, 64

Truces, private. See Stillsaeten

Twente, addition of, 1536, 236 n. 80

U

Ulfstand, Jens Helgersen, 106

Unger, W. S., 30

United East India Company, 7

Urban commoners, and taxation, 135 , 144

Utrecht, 6 , 68 ;

addition of, 1527, 75 , 236 n. 80;

annexation of, by Habsburgs, 84 ;

bishop of, 69 , 75 , 85 , 86 , 150 , 267 n. 39;

conquest of, 1528, 210 ;

diocese of, 155 , 265 n. 17;

and Hoeks, 19 ;

language of, 2 ;

and renten, 20

Utrecht War, 159 , 210 , 211 ;

and gemeen lands renten,27 , 36

Utrecht War of 1481-1484, 19 -20, 24 , 121 , 209

Uutdam, infantry in, 244 n. 36

V

Vaert channel, 77 -78

Valencia, 38

Valladolid, 50

Vaughan, Richard, 17

Velius, Theodoricus, 72

Venlo, 71

Vere, 194

Vere, Marquis of, Adolph of Burgundy, 45 , 85 , 112 ;

as Admiral of the Sea, 92 , 93 ;

and artillery, 113

Vere, Marquis of, Maximilian of Burgundy, 171 , 184 , 198 , 202 ;

and Assendelft, 187 ;

and Haarlem outbreak, 200

Verhofstad, K. J. W., 5 , 197

Vermij, Rienk, 199 , 212

Vianen, 239 n. 111, 259 n. 63

Viglius. See Zuichemius van Aytta, Viglius

Vistula river, 106

Vlaanderen, Lodewijk van, lord of Praet, 61 , 98 , 171

Vlieland island, 203

Voorhout, Frans Duyst van, 128

Voorne island, 188 , 236 n. 70

Vredenberg castle, 275 n. 14

Vreeswijk, 239 n. 111

Vroedschappen (town councils), 14 , 19 ;

and expulsion of Anabaptists, 163 ;

membership in, 125 ;

minutes of, 43 ;

privilege of having, 213 ;

resolutions, 36

W

Waal river, 68

Waert, Christiaan de, 201

Wainscoting (wagenschot ), and influence-buying, 50

Walcheren island, 21 , 90

Wallenstein, Albrecht Eusebius Wenzel von, 64

Walloons, 13 , 84 , 164

Wansink, H., 222 n. 13

War, Amiens play about, 66

War, costs of, 116 , 259 n. 60

Warmoes Straat, 22 , 196 , 281 n. 76

Warmond, lord of. See Duvenvoirde, Jan van, lord of Warmond

Warships, 90 , 91 , 93 , 139

Wassenaar, Jan II van, 72 , 75 , 83 ;

and knechten in Friesland, 82 , 87 ;

and siege of Sloten, 80

Waterland, 25 , 94 , 172 , 227 n. 49;

and religious dissenters, 162 ;

ships and shipping, 31 , 102 , 108 , 109

Waterschappen,230 n. 14

Wealth, commercial, and taxation, 138 -141

Weaving, 61 , 72

Weesp, 71 , 72

Weeze, Johann von, Archbishop of Lund, 111

Wendish cities, 16 , 95 , 106

Weser valley, 97

West Friesland, 10 , 11 , 26 , 203 , 227 n. 49;

"bread and cheese" revolt in, 20 ;

Catholics in, 206 ;

and religious dissenters, 162 , 204 ;

as ships' homeport, 31

Westphalia: Anabaptists in, 147 ;

Treaty of, 1648, 3

"Westward" trade, 90

Wet, Frans de, Receiver of the Zeeland Toll, 99 , 100

Wijngaerden, Floris Oem van, 36

Wijngaerden, Oem van, 216

Willem III, Prince of Orange, 4

Willem v, Count, 11 , 12

Willem VI, 12 ;

sister of, 13

Willemsdochter, Sigbritte, 106 ;

daughter of, 106

Willemszoon, Engel. See Merula, Angelus

Willemszoon, Pieter Kantert, 130 tab. 6, 168 , 272 n. 90

Windmills, use of for draining, 143

Windows, stained-glass, 227 n. 49

Wine, 92 ;

French, 21 , 50 , 99 ;

Rhine, 21 , 55 ;

Rhine, and Dordrecht, 10 , 26 , 30 ;

taxes on, 123 , 139

Wittelsbach, Frederick of, 111

Wittelsbach dynasty, 11 , 31 , 47

Woerden, 156 , 240 n. 111;

waterschap of, 214

Woltjer, J. J., 173 , 192 , 207

Wool: English, 10 , 24 , 25 ;

Spanish, 25

Woolen cloth industry, 51 , 81

Worms, and Martin Luther, 152

Woudrichem, 259 n. 63

Wouters, Cornelis, 158 , 159

Wullenwever, Jürgen, 107 , 108 -109

Württemberg, 41

Württemberg, estates of 38 , 39 , 230 n. 21

Y

Ypres, 81 ;

as one of "Four Members of Flanders," 35

Z

Zeeland, 3 , 4 , 6 , 11 ;

and bede of 1473, 19 ;

and closing of Sound, 98 ;

and inland waterways, 188 ;

and herring fishing, 22 , 91 ;

language of, 2 ;

and payment of Christiern II's dowry, 97 ;

salt from, 54 ;

Toll, 99 , 100 ;

and use of safe conducts, 92

Zeghers, Guilleyn, 161 , 169 , 190 , 191 , 278 n. 52

Zegwert, 239 n. 111

Zevenbergen, 259 n. 63

Zevenhove, 239 n. 108

Zeverszoon, Jan, 268 n. 46

Zijdewijnd dike, 59

Zijpe, 197 , 281 p. 80

Zijpe polder, 143

Zoete, A., 43

Zuichemius van Aytta, Viglius, 48 , 138 , 140 , 145 , 179 , 183 ;

gratuity to, 277 n. 37;

and Haarlem outbreak, 200 ;

and letters from Suys, 191 ;

and payment from States of Holland, 186 ;

as President of the Council of State, 177 ;

as President of Secret Council, 46 , 137

Zuider, D. S. van, 73

Zuider Zee, 10 , 55 , 60 , 68 , 80 , 99 , 108

Zwartwaal, 202

Zwingli, Ulrich, 153