Index
A
Abbott, Lymon, 174
Abbott, Mrs. Lymon, 174
Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Center, 38
academic institutions, 323 ;
secondary schools, 27 , 28 , 77 , 320 ;
settlement houses, 28 , 71 , 108 , 200 n. 2;
universities, 27 , 28 , 30 , 31 . See also pedagogy
Achron, Joseph, 262
acoustics, 98 , 116 n. 33, 299 , 328 n. 17
Adamowski, Joseph, 118 n. 71
Adamowski, Timoteusz, 102 , 103 , 105 , 118 n. 62
Adams, John, 11 , 60 , 63
Addams, Jane, 48 n. 21, 249
administration and management, 62 , 125 , 299 , 302 ;
African-American women, 214 -16, 218 -30;
American Opera Company, 139 -46;
Coolidge, E. S., 192 , 195 ;
National Conservatory, 139 , 147 -59;
necessity in the arts, 4 , 5 ;
New York organizations; 51 n. 66, 52 n. 69, 53 n. 79;
orchestras, 43 -45;
Reis, C., 247 -49;
repertory selection, 44 , 308 ;
Seidl Society, 164 -82;
women's roles, 65 -81. See also economics
Aeolian Hall, 233 n. 31
aesthetics:
canonization theories, 300 -3, 307 -10;
cultivated music, 310 -13;
primacy of aesthetic experience, 303 -6;
sacralization theories, 298 -303. See also appreciation
African-American aspects, 19 n. 22, 24 , 54 , 71 , 126 ;
Gardner, 104 , 118 n. 66;
National Conservatory, 135 , 148 , 153 , 314 ;
scholarship, 10 , 22 n. 43;
Strothotte Plantation Dances , 154 , 162 n. 59;
women activists and patronage, 9 , 41 , 78 , 79 , 214 -30. See also ethnicity; race
Afro-American Council, 231 n. 6
Ahna, Pauline de. See Strauss, Pauline de Ahna
Albéniz, Isaac, 245
Albrecht, Otto, 272
Allan, Maud, 125
Alsop, Marin, 43
amateurism, 18 n. 15, 26 , 303 ;
Drinker family views, 266 , 274 , 275 , 278 -81, 286 n. 14, 286 n. 19;
Drinker singing parties, 270 -76, 272 , 289 n. 69, 290 -93, 293 n. 1, 293 n. 2, 293 n. 3;
home performance, 26 , 303 -5;
Levine views, 279 , 282 ;
women's clubs performers; 66 -68, 71 , 73 ;
Zanzig views, 271 , 273 . See also professionalism; volunteerism
American Musicological Society, 244
American Negro Academy, 231 n. 6
American Opera Company, 42 , 135 , 139 -47, 178
American School of Opera. See National Conservatory of Music
American Symphony, 45
Americanism, 34 , 248 , 268 , 271 ;
American repertory, 67 , 68 , 305 , 315 , 316 ;
arts funding, 150 , 151 ;
Coolidge, E. S., 204 -7;
democratization, 275 , 278 -80, 335 n. 95;
European emulation and influence, 274 , 309 , 310 ;
gender aspects, 251 , 268 ;
musical style, 47 n. 13, 154 , 303 ;
nationalism, 147 , 304 ;
social concerns, 318 , 319 ;
Thurber activities, 134 , 135 , 139 , 145 ;
views, 127 , 252 , 287 n. 38;
women's role in musical life, 71 , 80 , 333 n. 81
Anderson, Anna D., 91
Anderson, Marian, 222 , 224
Andriessen, Louis, 63
Ann Arbor Choral Union, 88
Antheil, George, 238
Appleton, R. M., 91
appreciation, 227 , 252 , 296 , 305 , 329 n. 40;
canon issues, 78 -81, 301 , 302 , 306 -8;
courses, 4 , 27 , 28 ;
outreach programs, 71 , 193 , 301 , 328 n. 27;
pre-concert lectures, 102 , 300 ;
radio concerts, 197 , 198 ;
role of women's music clubs, 68 , 249 ;
Seidl Society, 167 , 169 , 170 , 172 -79, 182 ;
Seidl views, 165 , 166 ;
patrons' views, 248 , 257 n. 40. See also aesthetics
Apthorp, William Foster, 39 , 98
Arion chorus, 160 n. 14
Armstrong, Louis, 298
Art Institute of Chicago, 200 n. 9
art. See visual arts
Ashforth, Frida, 149
Asian cultures aspects, 92 , 117 n. 60
Askew, Constance, 14
Atlanta, 72
auditoriums and halls, 26 , 30 , 38 , 59 , 328 n. 17. See also acoustics; specific names
Auer, Leopold, 122 , 262
Austin, A. Everett, 19 n. 22
Austin, Helen, 14
awards:
David Bispham Medal for opera, 21 n. 28;
Cobbett Medal, 199 ;
Coolidge Medal, 192 ;
Légion d'honneur, 200 n. 1;
Pulitzer Prize, 60 . See also competitions; scholarships
B
Babbitt, Milton, 59
Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel, 101
Bach, Johann Sebastian:
performances, 100 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 175 , 209 , 304 ;
reception of, 212 , 270 , 271 , 280 , 282 , 291 , 292 , 306 , 311 , 316
Balfe, Michael, 26
band, 26 -28, 43 , 98 . See also performing organizations
Bank Street Establishment. See New School for Social Research
Bartlett, A. G., 52 n. 68
Bartók, Béla:
and Walton, B. W., 243 , 262 ;
performances, 193 , 240 , 243 ;
reception of, 11 , 59
Battell family, 124 , 125 , 128
Bauer, Marion, 254 n. 3, 289 n. 69
Bayreuth Wagner Festival, 93 , 114 n. 10
Beach, Amy, 39 , 67 , 68 , 111 , 287 n. 46
Beard, Mary, 28
Beecher, Henry Ward, 174
Beethoven, Ludwig van:
and Gardner, 102 , 103 , 109 , 304 ; 321 ;
Brooklyn, 166 , 175 ;
performances, 67 ;
reception of, 71 , 160 n. 2, 169 , 172 , 282 , 300 , 306
Belmont, August, 135 , 140 , 147
Belmont, Eleanor Robson (Mrs. August), 7 , 18 n. 12, 20 n. 28
Benedict, Marie, 78
Berenson, Bernard, 93 , 111 , 114 n. 19, 115 n. 19, 117 n. 51
Berenson, Mary, 107
Berenson family, 91 , 101 , 102 , 120 n. 96
Berger, Madeline Heineman, 65
Berkshire Music Center, 52 n. 68, 64 n. 6;
Festival of Contemporary Music, 64 , 190 , 191
Berkshire Quartet, 190 , 196 . See also Kortschak, Hugo
Berlin, Irving, 305
Berlioz, Hector, 44 , 103 , 176 , 321
Bernstein, Leonard, 7 , 316
Bethel Literary and Historical Society, 219
Bethlehem Pennsylvania Bach choirs, 22 n. 41
Bibeyran, Mamert, 149 , 162 n. 43
Billings, William, 26 , 239
Bizet, Georges, 71 , 148
Blair, Karen J., 37 , 314 , 315
Blaustein, Susan, 59
Bliss, Mildred, 209 -12, 316
Blitzstein, Marc, 252 , 332 n. 79
Bloch, Ernest, 195
Bloomfield-Zeisler, Fanny, 36 , 125
blues. See jazz and blues
Bok, Edward, O., 77
Bok, Mary Louise Curtis, 7 , 59 , 238
Bolin, Edward, 148 , 161 n. 37, 162 n. 61
Borda, Deborah, 43
Boston Opera Company, 108 -11, 121 n. 116
Boston String Quartet, 122
Boston Symphony Orchestra, 38 , 98 , 302 , 305 , 331 n. 64;
and Gardner, 100 , 103 , 105 , 108 -11, 114 , 121 n. 113;
and Higginson, 18 n. 12, 84 n. 50, 299 ;
tours, 72 , 82 n. 16, 138
Boston, 27 , 39 , 90 -111, 114 n. 13. See also Brahms Quartet; Brook Farm; Cambridge; Fadette Lady Orchestra; Gardner Museum; Handel and Haydn Society; Harvard Musical Association Orchestra; Manuscript Club of Boston; New England Conservatory; Society for the Collection of Negro Folklore; Winchester Orchestral Society
Bouhy, Jacques, 148 , 149 , 152 , 158
Boulanger, Lili, 19 n. 17
Boulanger, Nadia, 1 , 16 n. 7, 241 , 316 ;
Bliss correspondence, 209 , 211 , 212
Boulez, Pierre, 62 , 63
Bourdieu, Pierre, 297
Bourgeois, Stephan, 247 , 259 n. 58
Bournemann, C., 149
Bowen, Catherine Drinker, 273 -75
Boyd, Charles N., 135
Brahms Quartet, 102
Brahms, Johannes:
performances, 67 , 103 , 104 , 123 , 184 n. 22, 304 ;
reception of, 100 , 105 , 270 , 280 , 282 , 309
Brant, Henry, 159 , 324
Braun, Edith, 289 n. 69
Briccetti, Joan, 43
Britten, Benjamin, 28 , 321
broadcasting. See radio
Brook Farm, 301 , 305
Brooklyn Academy of Music, 144 , 172 -76
Brooklyn, 164 -82, 168 ;
Wagner Festival, 166 -76. See also Seidl Orchestra; Seidl Society
Brown, Crosby, 51 n. 60
Brown, Mary Elizabeth Adams, 51 n. 60
Broyles, Michael, 300
Bruch, Max, 67
Bruckner, Anton, 299
Buck, Dudley, 151 , 155 , 162 n. 60
Buhlig, Richard, 257 n. 32
Bull, Ole, 25
Bull, Sarah, 39
Bullard, Ellen T., 91
Bullard, Frederick Field, 154
Burleigh, Henry Thacker, 135 , 153 , 155
Busoni, Ferruccio, 258 n. 46;
and Gardner, 94 , 98 , 101 , 105 , 106 , 304
Byrnes, Alice, 84 n. 51
C
Cage, John, 59 , 321 ;
and B. Freeman, 39 , 59 , 60 , 62 , 63 , 64 n. 2, 324
Caldwell, Sarah, 6 , 43 , 322
Callas, Maria, 1 , 16 n. 7, 28
Calvé, Emma, 29
Cambridge. See Boston; Harvard University; Radcliffe College
capitalism:
arts funding and sponsorship, 42 , 157 , 158 ;
imbalance correctives, 30 , 80 , 311 , 319 ;
market forces, 299 , 301 ;
orchestras, 310 , 332 n. 71. See also economics; industrialism
Cardwell School of Music, 225 , 233 n. 34
careers, 43 , 50 n. 49;
African-American women, 41 , 218 -30, 232 n. 18;
musicians, 42 , 43 , 310 . See also professionalism
Carnegie, Andrew:
American Opera Company activities, 140 , 142 , 144 ;
arts views, 197 , 198 ;
National Conservatory activities; 147 , 152 ;
patronage, 30 , 59 , 73 , 135
Carnegie family, 188
Carnegie Hall (New York), 30 , 239 , 299
Carreño, Teresa, 202 n. 49
Carroll, Armond Mrs., 72
Carter, Elliott, 59 , 114 n. 14, 293 , 310 , 331 n. 63
Caruso, Enrico, 29 , 305
Casella, Alfredo, 193 , 195 , 240 , 258 n. 46
Cassidy, Claudia, 43
Central City, Colorado, 299
Chadwick, George Whitefield, 80 , 107 , 111 , 126 , 127 , 154
Chaliapin, Feodor, 29
Chaminade, Cécile, 67
Chandler, Dorothy Buffum, 59
charitable causes. See social concerns
Charosh, Paul, 307 , 308
Chase, Lucia, 7
Chasins, Abram, 159
Chausson, Ernest, 100
Chicago Orchestra, 178
Chicago Symphony, 34 , 178 , 189 , 195 , 200 n. 9, 209
Chicago, 47 n. 19, 72 , 82 n. 16, 233 n. 34, 234 n. 48. See also Art Institute of Chicago; Castle Square Opera Company; Fortnightly Club of Chicago; Rush Medical College; World's Columbian Exposition
Childers, Lulu Vere, 221 , 222 , 223
children, 19 n. 16, 26 , 71 ;
Thomas children's concerts, 138 , 178 . See also pedagogy
Choate, William Gardner, 147
choirs, 26 , 41 , 54 , 124 . See also performing organizations
Chopin, Frédéric, 25 , 306
churches, 26 , 30 , 33 ;
African-American, 9 , 216 ;
organs, 27 , 54 -58
Churchill, Mary Senior, 262
Cianelli, Pietro, 149
Cincinnati Symphony, 72 -75, 79 , 82 n. 16, 83 n. 25, 132 , 178 ;
governing board, 74 , 75 , 255
Cincinnati, 72 , 74 -76, 140 ;
arts institutions, 48 n. 31, 78 ;
Ladies' Musical Club, 69 , 74
Citkowitz, Israel, 241 , 262 , 263
City Center, 260 n. 66
Clarke, Eric Thacher, 31 , 273
Clarke, Rebecca, 246 , 289 n. 69
class and social group, 9 , 12 , 307 , 330 n. 59;
African-Americans, 215 -17;
arts cultivation responsibilities, 93 , 179 ;
Drinker family, 267 -76, 278 , 280 , 283 , 291 ;
Dwight views, 301 , 302
classical music. See cultivated music
Claudel, Paul, 185 , 200 n. 1
Cleveland Orchestra, 40 , 73 , 77 , 82 n. 16
Cleveland, 72 , 77 . See also Fortnightly Club of Cleveland
Cleveland, Grover, 80 , 162 n. 48, 174
Cohn, Arthur, 159
Colbert, Ann, 43
Colbert, Jessica, 72
Coleman, Persis, 185 , 187 , 196 , 199
Coleridge-Taylor Choral Society, 216 , 217
Coleridge-Taylor, Samuel, 126 , 216 , 224 , 231 n. 13, 232 n. 13
Collins, Cleota Josephine, 224 , 233 n. 33
Collins, Laura Sedgewick, 154
Colored American Opera Company, 234 n. 50
Columbia University, 190 , 232 n. 23, 240
Columbus Ohio Women's Music Club, 67 , 69 , 71 , 316 , 317
comedy. See musical comedy
commercialism and consumerism, 27 -30, 47 n. 17, 177 , 239 , 320 ;
canon formation and hierarchy; 298 , 310 , 311 , 316 , 323 ;
radio, 19 n. 24, 198 ;
women patrons' role, 1 , 80 , 89
commissions, 7 , 88 , 250 ;
Bliss, M., 209 , 211 , 212 , 316 ;
Coolidge, E. S., 193 , 196 , 199 , 205 ;
Freeman, B., 59 -64;
Stoeckel family, 125 -27. See also patronage
competitions:
Berkshire Competition for chamber music, 190 , 196 , 199 ;
Copland, A., 300 ;
National Conservatory composition contest, 154 ;
Van Cliburn Piano Competition, 320 , 324 ;
women's clubs, 68 , 333 n. 81. See also awards; scholarships
concert series, 222 , 308 , 317 ;
women's music clubs, 65 -73, 78 , 321
concerts, 29 , 44 , 303 ;
Brooklyn Seidl Society, 164 -82;
National Conservatory, 153 , 154 ;
sacralization aspects, 73 , 80 , 140 ;
venues, 26 , 27 , 44 , 53 n. 80
Connor, Cleveland, 145
Connor, Washington, 143 , 145
Conrad, Doda, 209 -11
Constitution Hall, 222
conventions and exhibitions, 66 , 71 , 240
Converse, Frederick S., 127
Cook, Will Marion, 148 , 155
Coolidge Auditorium, 11 , 192 , 199
Coolidge, Elizabeth Sprague, 185 -208, 186, 189 , 206 ;
life and reputation, 1 , 2 , 4 , 26 ;
music views, 119 n. 92, 315 ;
patronage, 11 , 39 , 238 , 239 , 315 ;
Wooldridge characterization, 313 , 332 n. 77, 333 n. 79
Coolidge family, 188 , 189 , 200 n. 7, 200 n. 8
Coolidge Festival, 192 , 193 , 199 , 270
Coolidge, Frederic Shurtleff, 187 , 188
Coolidge, Sprague, 189
Copland, Aaron, 309 ;
and Coolidge, 11 , 316 ;
and Reis, 249 , 250 ;
and Wertheim, frontispiece , 241 , 242 , 256 n. 18;
and Walton, B. W., 244 , 250 , 252 , 257 n. 32, 262 , 263 ;
career, 237 , 242 ;
commissions, 7 , 11 , 300 , 316 ;
patronage, 7 , 38 , 250 , 321
Copland-Sessions concerts, 262 , 263 n. 3
Coppet, Edward J. De. See De Coppet, Edward J.
Corani, Elena, 162 n. 43
Corcoran Gallery, 212 n. 2
Corda Club, 217
Corporazione delle nuove musiche. See Società per la musica moderna (SIMM)
Cosmopolitan School of Music, 233 n. 34
cosmopolitanism, 25 , 107 , 309 , 310 , 315 , 316
costumes, 139 , 146
Cott, Nancy, 33
Covarrubias, Miguel, 252 , 253
Cowell, Henry, 11 , 250 , 332 n. 79;
and Walton, B. W., 242 -44, 250 ;
and Wertheim, 38 , 242 ;
career, 237 , 321
Cram, Ralph Adams, 115 n. 29
Crane, Louise, 14
Crawford, Francis Marion, 334 n. 89
Crawford, Richard, 26 , 308
Crawford, Ruth. See Seeger, Ruth Crawford
criticism, 27 , 43 , 44 , 311 ;
African-American, 10 , 227 , 229 ;
American Opera Company, 142 -44;
gender imbalance, 6 , 36 ;
National Conservatory, 148 , 150 , 152 ;
women's patronage, 80 , 250 -52
Croly, Jennie June, 65
Crosby, Caresse, 242
Cuénod, Hugues, 209 , 211
cultivated music, 54 , 207 ;
African-American aspects, 217 , 227 , 229 ;
Drinker family, 275 , 278 , 279 , 288 n. 62;
European roots, 12 , 25 , 26 ;
Locke views, 295 -313, 331 n. 70;
New York, 172 , 179 ;
terminology, 1 , 2 , 25 , 26 , 325 n. 1, 331 n. 60;
women's clubs, 66 , 67 , 78 . See also vernacular music
Cunard, Nancy, 242
Cuney-Hare, Maud, 220 , 226 , 229 , 236 n. 65
Curtis Institute of Music, 7 , 59
Curtis, Cyrus H. K., 59
D
D'Annunzio, Gabriele, 185 , 192 , 193
Damrosch, Frank, 157 , 328 n. 18, 329 n. 38
Damrosch, Leopold, 170
Damrosch, Walter, 47 n. 18, 95 , 130 , 198 , 237 , 280
dance, 7 , 182 , 193 ;
American Opera Company, 139 , 141 ;
dance music reception, 26 , 308 ;
patronage, 5 , 7 , 31 ;
patrons, 118 n. 66, 135 , 138 , 193 , 285 n. 12
Daniels, Mabel, 37
Daughters of the American Revolution, 222
Davies, Louise M., 7 , 59
Dawson, Mary Cardwell, 221 , 224 , 225 , 235 n. 60
De Coppet, Edward J., 38 , 201 n. 24, 243 , 257 n. 31. See also Flonzaley Quartet
Dean, Laura, 7
Debussy, Claude:
patronage, 7 , 321 ;
performances, 245 , 258 n. 46;
reception of, 11 , 95 , 110 , 311
Decker, Sara Platt, 318 , 319 , 334 n. 92
Deem, Marie G., 83 n. 25
Dehon, Maria, 129 -33, 130 , 318
Delibes, Léo, 141
Delta Omicron sorority, 280 , 281
democratization of the arts:
and American Opera Company, 135 , 139 -41, 145 , 159 ;
and Brooklyn, 165 , 172 , 176 ;
and National Conservatory, 148 , 159 ;
Locke views, 298 -306, 309 -13, 331 n. 70. See also politics
demographic factors, 28 , 29
Dennis, Anna, 66
Denver Symphony, 44
Detroit Symphony, 82 n. 16
Detroit Vocal Normal Institute, 224
Dett, Nathaniel, 224 , 235 n. 51
DiMaggio, Paul, 11 , 297 , 301 , 306
d'Indy, Vincent:
and Gardner, 94 , 105 ;
performances, 104 , 122 , 258 n. 46, 304
Dispeker, Thea, 43
Diton, Carl R., 224
domestic aspects. See family and domestic aspects
Donizetti, Gaetano, 25
Doster, Ruth Porter 22 n. 41
Douglas, Ann, 11 , 177 , 178 , 307
Downes, Olin, 136
drama. See theater
Dreier, Katherine, 245 , 257 n. 40
Drexel, Joseph W., 147 , 160 n. 7
Drinker, Catherine. See Bowen, Catherine Drinker
Drinker family, 266 -94, 269, 272
Drinker, Henry, 6 , 266 , 268 , 279 -75, 291
Drinker, Sophie Hutchison, 42 ;
feminism, 11 , 12 , 266 -68, 270 -84;
Music and Women , 17 , 276 -84, 277
Drury, Theodore, 234 n. 50
Dudevant, Amandine Aurore Lucie. See Sand, George
Dulcken, Ferdinand Q., 149
Dunbar, Paul L., 232 n. 13
Dunn-Perry, Lillian, 232 n. 21
Dushkin, Sam, 211 , 212
Dvorak[*] , Antonín:
American activities, 11 , 169 , 314 ;
as composer, 155 , 156 , 308 ;
National Conservatory activities, 42 , 134 , 153 , 154 , 156 , 157 , 159
Dwight, John Sullivan, 160 n. 2, 300 -2, 305 , 310 , 329 n. 34
E
early music movement, 101 , 117 n. 51, 292 , 293
Eastman School of Music, 53 n. 80
economics:
American Opera Company, 139 , 142 -46;
church organ purchase, 55 -58;
Coolidge, E. S., 192 , 196 ;
Fortnightly Music Club of Cleveland, 71 , 72 , 82 n. 22;
institutions, 5 , 45 ;
National Conservatory, 139 , 148 , 149 , 152 , 156 , 158 ;
orchestras, 44 , 74 , 77 , 138 ;
patronage issues, 38 , 48 n. 21, 60 , 213 n. 4;
women's clubs activities, 34 , 67 , 68 . See also administration and management; capitalism; industrialism; salaries
Edmunds, James, 53 n. 75
Eichberg Ladies String Quartet, 36
Eliot, Samuel, 300
elitism:
American musical culture, 12 , 48 n. 29, 111 , 135 , 297 , 298 , 300 , 331 n. 70;
canon issues, 78 -81, 301 , 302 , 306 -8;
Drinker family, 267 -69, 273 -75, 290 ;
League of Composers, 250 , 252 ;
New York, 140 , 145 , 146 ;
stereo-types, 310 , 314 ;
B. W. Walton reception, 262 , 263 ;
Whitney, G., 240 , 255 n. 13;
women's groups, 87 , 88 , 250 . See also class and social group
Ellington, Duke, 298
Ellis, Mrs. E. C., 83 n. 25
Emery, Mary, 75
Engel, Carl:
and Coolidge, 191 , 192 , 204 -8, 206 , 315 ;
Triptych , 122 , 123
Engel, Lehman, 159
entertainment, 26 , 261 n. 73, 98 , 273 , 300 , 308 ;
commercialism aspects, 45 , 298 , 311 , 313 ;
19th century, 26 , 27 , 278 , 307 -9. See also leisure
Erben, Henry, 54 , 55
Estes, Jeanne Wynne, 22 n. 41
ethnicity, 12 , 246 , 287 n. 36, 296 . See also African-American aspects; race
Europe, Mary L., 216 , 218 , 219 , 320
European emulation:
Coolidge, E. S., 193 , 204 -7;
cultivated music, 12 , 274 , 278 , 279 , 292 , 303 , 309 , 333 n. 79;
European touring artists, 67 , 216 ;
Gardner, I. S., 92 , 94 ;
motivations, 315 , 316 ;
patronage aspects, 39 , 239 , 297 , 298 , 314 ;
Thurber, J., 136 , 147 , 158 ;
travel and study abroad, 25 , 122 , 131 , 224 , 304 ;
vernacular music, 54 , 303
Evanti, Lillian, 224 , 225 , 234 n. 48, 235 n. 51
Everest, Eleanor Warner. See Freer, Eleanor Everest
F
Fadette Lady Orchestra, 36 , 317 , 333 n. 84
Falla, Manuel de, 321
Falletta, JoAnn, 43
family and domestic aspects, 49 n. 32, 215 , 244 ;
Coolidge, E. S., 186 , 187 , 199 ;
Drinker, S. H., 288 n. 63, 289 n. 63, 291 ;
fundraising, 56 , 57 , 76 ;
gender roles, 12 , 48 n. 30, 79 , 80 ;
home performance, 35 , 39 . See also salons
Farrand, Beatrix, 211 , 213
Farrar, Geraldine, 130 , 133 , 305
Fauré, Gabriel, 104 , 122
Fay, Amy, 69 , 79 , 202 n. 49
Fay, Elise. See Loeffler, Elise Fay
Feldman, Morton, 60
feminism:
diversity of views, 333 n. 88, 334 n. 88, 335 n. 100;
Drinker, S. H., 11 , 12 , 42 , 266 -84, 289 n. 70, 291 ;
music aspects, 1 , 276 , 334 n. 90;
Musical Woman magazine, 3 , 4 ;
Reis, C., 245 , 248 , 249 ;
social feminism, 12 , 259 n. 56;
20th-century movements, 182 , 238 , 259 n. 55;
volunteerism, 8 , 9 . See also gender issues
Festival of American Music, 300
film, 28 , 45 , 298 , 311 , 323
Finck, Henry Theophilus, 140 , 150 , 157 , 171 , 259 n. 55
Fisher, Katherine Danforth, 289 n. 69
Fisher, Richard, 95
Fisher, William Arms, 154
Fisk University, 219 , 220 , 222 , 229 ;
Jubilee Singers, 219 , 220 , 229
Fiske, John, 330 n. 52
Fitelberg, Jerzy, 196 , 262
Fleming, Shirley, 43
Flonzaley Quartet, 38 , 82 n. 16, 95 , 191 , 193 , 201 n. 24, 243 . See also De Coppet, Edward
Flotow, Friedrich von, 141 , 143
Foote, Arthur, 95 , 103 , 108 , 111 , 309
Force, Juliana, 255 n. 13
Fortnightly Clubs:
of Chicago, 34 ;
of Cleveland, 40 , 67 -69, 71 , 72 ;
of Greeley, 84 n. 51
Foster, Stephen, 26 , 153
foundations, 30 , 31 , 44 ;
Battell-Stoeckel Trust, 127 , 128 ;
Carnegie Corporation music survey, 273 ;
Coolidge Foundation, 11 , 193 , 198 , 205 -07;
Dia Art Foundation, 61 ;
Ford, 22 n. 37, 31 ;
Fromm, 59 , 64 n. 6;
Guggenheim, 31 ;
Martha Baird Rockefeller Fund, 31 , 59 ;
Peabody, 31 ;
Maya Corporation, 20 n. 28;
Francelli, Alberto, 149
Franck, César, 104 , 122 , 123 , 304
Frankel, Bessie Bartlett, 52 n. 68
Fraser, Joseph, 272
Freeman, Betty, 14 , 61 ;
artist promotion, 39 , 324 ;
interview, 53 n. 81, 59 -64;
patronage, 5 , 254 , 314 ;
patronage views, 2 , 318
Freer, Eleanor Warner Everest, 21 n. 28, 162 n. 43
Friday Club of Chicago, 34
Friday Morning Music Club of Washington, 84 n. 51
Fritsch, Christian, 149
Fromm, Paul, 63 , 64 n. 6
Fry, William Henry, 25
Frye, Marilyn, 32
Fuller, Mrs. George O., 83 n. 2
fundraising:
churches for organs, 54 , 55 ;
Guarantee Fund method, 85 n. 74;
orchestras, 76 , 77 ;
public schools 19 n. 17;
Reis, C., 249 , 250 ;
societies, 51 n. 66, 88 , 176 ; See also governmentarts funding; marketing
Fursch-Madi, Emma, 143 , 148
G
Gannett, Anne Macomber, 52 n. 68, 319
Gannett, Guy Patterson, 52 n. 68
García Manuel, 25
Gardner Museum, 96, 99 , 112 n. 1, 113 n. 5, 114 n. 13, 114 n. 14, 115 n. 29;
concert hall, 11 , 108 ;
Gardner influence, 90 , 94 , 107 , 108
Gardner, Isabella Stewart, 11 , 39 , 91, 95 , 97 , 316 ;
Keller views, 122 , 123 ;
life, 90 -111, 114 n. 17, 334 n. 89;
patronage, 31 , 304 , 317 , 318
Gardner, Jack, 91 , 93 , 94 , 114 n. 17, 121 n. 117, 290
Gaul, Alfred R., 125
Gebhard, Heinrich, 95 , 98 , 99104 , 105 , 106 , 110 , 116 n. 30, 118 n. 62, 118 n. 71, 122 , 123
gender issues
careers:
music teaching, 27 , 28 , 35 , 42 ;
music performance, 27 , 28 , 35 , 36 ;
orchestra member, 43 , 181 ;
women, 25 , 31 , 32 , 43
church organ fundraising, 54 -58
committee membership, 39 , 40
Drinker Music and Women , 276 -80, 288 n. 52, 289 n. 69
Drinker views, 266 , 276 -84, 288 n. 57
female ensembles, 36 , 102 , 217 , 317 , 333 n. 84
femininity:
and culture, 32 , 33 , 177 -82;
and music, 251 , 255 n. 6, 268 , 273 , 285 n. 10;
Coolidge views, 204
gender roles, 20 n. 26, 289 n. 68;
African-American community, 214 -30;
instrument choice, 35 , 43 , 50 n. 47, 218 ;
separate spheres, 79 , 80 , 317
homosexuality, 115 n. 29, 260 n. 70
men and masculinity, 10 , 32 , 33 , 114 n. 13, 285 n. 11
misogyny, 250 -52, 254 , 259 n. 55;
Wooldridge, D., 313 , 332 n. 77, 333 n. 79
National Conservatory, 148 , 149
patronage, 1 -15, 31 , 45 , 321 , 335 n. 101;
male composers, 11 , 318 ;
undervaluing of women, 3 , 4 ;
Gardner. I. S., 107 , 108 ;
scholarship, 49 n. 32, 86 n. 99, 177
prejudice:
against women patrons, 314 -22;
against women educators, 217 , 220 , 231 n. 6;
social constraints, 32 , 33 , 35 -38
women, 305 , 324 ;
keepers of culture, 65 -81, 93 , 177 ;
performers, 34 -37, 182 ;
role in undervaluing women, 78 , 79 , 81 , 86 n. 98, 317 , 318
women composers, reception of, 35 , 64 , 318 . See also feminism
General Federation of Women's Clubs, 34 , 318 ;
African-American Great Migration, 215 ;
geographic aspects, 12 , 24 , 36 ;
suburban living, 44 , 45 ;
Sunbelt migration, 53 n. 77, 53 n. 78;
urban and rural aspects, 24 , 28
George, Maude Roberts, 235 n. 54, 235 n. 60
Gericke, Wilhelm, 93 , 94 , 103 , 105 , 109 , 120 n. 95
Gershwin, George, 119 n. 90, 159 ;
and opera, 305 , 329 n. 44;
reception of, 298 , 308
Giannini, Vittorio, 159
Gibbs, Harriet. See Marshall, Harriet Gibbs
Gideon, Miriam, 43
Gilbert, Henry F., 126
Gilbert, Sandra M., 38 , 239
Gilchrist, William Wallace, 162 n. 60
Gilmore, Patrick, 165 , 167
Girardeau, Claude M., 157
Giteck, Janice, 295
Glass, Philip, 62 , 63
Gleason, William H., 55
Gluck, Alma, 125
Gluck, Christoph Willibald, 103 , 141
Godfrey, Edna, 72
Goetz, Hermann, 141
Goins, Gregoria Frazier, 78 , 217
Goldman, Edwin Franko, 154
Goldmark, Rubin, 150 , 154 , 158 , 159 , 195
Goodman, Alice, 60
Goodwin, Parke, 145 , 147
gospel music, 24 , 54 . See also spirituals
Gottschalk, Louis Moreau, 160 n. 2, 298 , 306
Gounod, Charles, 26 , 120 n. 95, 141 , 235 n. 51, 301
government
arts funding, 221 , 311 -13, 315 , 319 ;
dearth, 9 , 111 , 322 , 335 n. 102;
Coolidge proposals, 185 , 197 , 206 , 207 ;
tax benefits, 29 , 31 , 332 n. 76;
Thurber proposals, 158 , 320
arts patronage, 29 , 30 , 42 , 44
National Conservatory, 134 , 150 -52, 156 , 157 , 162 n. 48
National Endowment for the Arts, 18 n. 12, 22 n. 37, 29 , 42 , 335 n. 103
legislation, 248 , 251 , 259 n. 60
tax and property laws, 29 , 31 , 39 , 48 n. 28, 332 n. 76. See also law; politics
Grace, William, R. 147
Graff, John, 58 n. 4
Graham, Martha, 7
Grainger, Percy, 103 , 126
Gramsci, Antonio, 297
Grand Rapids, 69 , 74 , 84 n. 51
Graudan, Joanna Freudberg, 62
Greeley Colorado, 74 , 84 n. 51
Greenfield, Elizabeth Taylor, 234 n. 50
Grieg, Edvard, 175 , 258 n. 42
Griswold, Gertrude, 149
Grobe, Charles, 25
Gruenberg, Louis, frontispiece , 241 , 246 , 259 n. 58
Gubaïdulina, Sofia, 2 , 64
Gubar, Susan, 38 , 239
Guggenheim, Peggy, 14 , 23 n. 45
Guggenheimer, Minnie, 72 , 260 n. 60
H
Hackley, Emma Azalia, 221 , 224 , 229 , 230
Hadley, Henry, 126 , 127
Hagan, Helen, 233 n. 31
Halévy, Jacques, 170
Hall, Blakely, 146
Hall, Elise Boyer, 7
Halleux, Laurent, 194. See also Pro Arte Quartet
halls. See acoustics; auditoriums; specific names
Hamerik, Asger, 162 n. 60
Hamm, Charles, 297 , 309
Hampton Virginia University, 222
Hampton, Maryland, 27
Handel and Haydn Society, 46 n. 11, 114 n. 13
Handel, George Frederick, 25 , 26 , 222
Hanks, Nancy, 22 n. 37
Hanson, Howard, 300
Harmati, Sándor, 262
Harris, Johana, 62
Harris, Neil, 300
Harris, Roy, 262 , 309 ;
and Coolidge, 196 , 204 ;
and Walton, B. W., 257 n. 32;
and Wertheim, 241 , 242
Harrison, Hazel, 220
Harrison, Lou, 60 , 63 , 324
Harsányi, Tibor, 204
Hart, Jerome, 248
Harvard Musical Association Orchestra, 92 , 160 n. 2, 302 , 310 , 331 n. 65
Harvard University, 212 n. 2
Haverford Pennsylvania College, 270 , 280 , 285 n. 11, 290
Haydn, Franz Josef, 26 , 100 , 175 , 305 , 306
Hayes, Lucy, 180
Heath, Maggie, 58 n. 4
Heinrich, Julia, 101 , 118 n. 62
Heinrich, Max, 68
Heller, Stephen, 25
Henderson, W. J., 40 , 169 , 252 , 313 , 314
Henrotin, Ellen Martin, 34
Henze, Hans Werner, 63
Herbert, Victor, 126 , 169 ;
and Hughes, 41 , 72 ;
National Conservatory activities, 136 , 148 , 150 , 156
Hickenlooper, Lucie. See Samaroff, Olga
Higginson, Henry Lee:
and Gardner, 94 , 109 , 110 ;
Boston Symphony Orchestra patronage, 18 n. 12, 38 , 84 n. 50, 299 ;
life, 119 n. 81, 304 , 305 ;
patronage, 6 , 301
Hilyer, Mamie, 216
Hindemith, Paul, 193
historiography, 226 , 237 ;
Drinker, S. H., 266 , 283 , 284 , 288 n. 62;
gender issues, 9 , 10 , 32 , 33 ;
New Grove Dictionaries , 10 , 22 n. 39;
patronage, 3 , 4 , 10 , 11 , 37 , 302 ;
women's roles, 1 , 14 , 73
Hogg, Ima, 7 , 84 n. 51
Holiday, Billie, 298
Holloway, Laura. See Langford, Laura
Hollywood Bowl, 10
Holmès, Augusta, 36
Holmes, Betty Fleischmann, 74 -76, 83 n. 25, 255 n. 16
Holt, Nora Douglas, 227 , 228 , 229
Holt, W. V., 161 n. 43
Holterhoff, Manuela, 43
Homer, Louise, 125
Honegger, Arthur, 291
Honesdale, Pennsylvania, 54 , 56
Hopkins, Harry Patterson, 154
Horowitz, Joseph, 42
Houston Symphony, 7 , 73 , 84 n. 51
Howard University, 220 , 222 , 224 , 233 n. 34
Howe, Bruce, 84 n. 51
Howe, Mary, 37 , 84 n. 51, 201 n. 22, 289 n. 69, 293
Hubbard, Enoch S., 55 , 56
Hudson, New York, 54 -56
Hughes, Adella Prentiss, 40 , 41 , 69 , 71 , 72 , 77
Hughes, Revella, 218 , 219
Hull, Helen Huntington, 21 n. 28
Humperdinck, Engelbert, 156
Huneker, James Gibbons, 136 , 150 , 159 , 165 , 176
Hyder, Martha, 320 , 324
Hyers, Anna Madah, 234 n. 49, 234 n. 50
Hyers, Emma Louise, 234 n. 50
hymns, 35 , 54 , 124 ;
Mason, L., 25 , 58 n. 2;
reception of, 26 , 308
I
improvisation and ornamentation, 48 n. 30, 54 , 64 n. 3
Indianapolis. See Cosmopolitan School of Music industrialism, 144 ;
imbalance correctives, 30 , 80 , 311 , 319 ;
patrons, 30 , 136 , 137 , 305 , 239 , 240 . See also capitalism; economics
instruments, 27 ;
gender connotations, 26 , 35 , 36 , 218 ;
organs, 27 , 54 -58
women collectors, 51 n. 60
International Composers' Guild, 240 , 241 , 243 , 244 , 247 -49, 252 , 261 n. 73
International Society for Contemporary Music. See Società per la musica moderna (SIMM)
Irvin, Mrs. Richard, Jr., 147
Irvin, Richard, Jr., 147
Irwin, May, 104 , 118 n. 66
Ives, Charles, 111 , 239 , 251 , 303 , 309 , 311 , 332 n. 77
J
Jacobi, Frederick, 159 , 246 , 259 n. 58, 262
Jade, Ely. See Schmitz, Germaine
James, Henry, 93
Jarboro, Caterina, 224 , 234 n. 48
Jarrett, Keith, 324
jazz and blues, 119 n. 90, 248 , 251 , 285 n. 12, 331 n. 63;
reception of, 15 n. 3, 307 , 308 ;
Treble Clef Club, 78 , 79 . See also ragtime
Jefferson, Thomas, 26
Jewett, Sarah Orne, 120 n. 99
Jewish aspects, 195 , 275 ;
anti-Semitism, 60 , 251 , 258 n. 52, 259 n. 52
Joachim Quartet, 93
Johns, Clayton, 93 , 102 -06, 118 n. 62
Johnson, J. Rosamond, 104 , 234 n. 49
Johnson, Mrs. Andrew, 180
Jones, M. Sissieretta, 135 , 148 , 153 , 155 , 234 n. 49
Jones, Mildred Bryant, 219
Joplin, Scott, 79 , 298 , 308
Joseffy, Rafael, 150 , 162 n. 60
Juch, Emma, 141
Judaism. See Jewish aspects
Judson, Arthur, 6 , 263
Juilliard School, 62 , 132 , 159 , 245 , 270 , 286 n. 14
K
Kadosa, Pál, 262
Kagel, Mauricio, 63
Kahn, Erich Itor, 62
Kahn, Otto, 9 , 18 n. 12, 38 , 305
Kakuzo, Okakura, 105
Keefer, Lubov, 332 n. 79
Keller, Harrison, 111 , 122 , 123
Kelsey, Mrs. Charles B., 69
Kemper, Cynthia, 14
Kerber, Linda K., 35 , 80
Kern, Jerome, 305
Kesler, Mrs. J. W., 58
Kidder, Anna Laura, 72
Kindler, Hans, 197 , 201 n. 22
King, Henry C., 222
Kinney, Edward H., 154
Klaw Theater, 247
Klein, Oscar, 150
Kneisel Quartet, 82 , 95 , 111 , 191
Kneisel, Franz, 102
Koczwara[*] , Frantisek[*] , 26
Kolar, Victor, 126
Kortschak, Hugo, 190 , 191 . See also Berkshire Quartet
Kramer, A. Walter, 246
Krehbiel, Henry, 174
Kreisler, Fritz, 39 , 125
L
La Barbara, Joan, 64
Lachenmann, Helmut, 63
Lafayette, Louisiana. See New Iberia
LaFetra, Leila, 158 , 162 n. 43
Landau, Edna, 43
Landowska, Wanda, 1
Lang, Benjamin Johnson, 108 , 162 n. 60
Lang, Margaret Ruthven, 50 n. 54, 67 , 106 , 107
Langford, Laura, 42 , 164 , 166 , 167 , 171 , 172 , 176 , 180 -82, 309
Lankford, Grace Ward, 320
Larsen, Libby, 43
Lasell, Mrs. Chester Whitin, 14
Latin American music, 52 n. 68
law, 61 , 149 ;
American Opera Company bankruptcy, 142 -47;
tax and property laws, 29 , 31 , 39 , 48 n. 28. See also government
League of Composers:
and Reis, 244 , 247 , 249 , 260 n. 63;
and Wertheim, 241 , 242 ;
auxiliary, 249 , 250 ;
break with International Composers' Guild, 241 , 249 ;
repertory, 254 , 261 n. 73, 263 n. 3;
social contact value, 252 , 262
Lears, T.J. Jackson, 279 , 287 n. 36, 289 n. 68
Lederman, Minna, 241 , 242 , 251 , 254 n. 3, 255 n. 6, 259 n. 58
LeFrak, Samuel J., 335 n. 101
legal aspects. See law
Lehmann, Lilli, 98 , 170 , 174 , 179 , 181
leisure, 26 , 29 , 45 , 287 n. 39. See also entertainment
Lenox. See Berkshire Music Center
Leschetizky, Theodor, 25 , 105 , 316
Levine, Lawrence W., 11 , 73 , 74 , 278 -80, 282 , 287 n. 38, 296 -98, 300 -2, 306 , 311
Lewisohn Stadium concert series, 72 , 260 n. 60
libraries, 27 , 270 , 334 n. 92. See also specific names
Library of Congress:
concerts, 7 , 193 , 270 ;
Coolidge Auditorium, 11 , 192 , 199 ;
music collection, 28 , 157 , 198 , 199 ;
endowments, 7 , 198 , 199 , 207
Lichtenberg, Leopold, 150
Ligeti, György, 63
Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, 18 n. 12, 53 n. 79
Lind, Jenny, 18 n. 12, 25
Lipman, Samuel, 53 n. 81
List, Eugene, 132
Liszt, Franz, 25 , 311 ;
performances, 67 , 164 , 175 , 176 , 181 , 304
Litchfield County Connecticut, 124 , 191
literature, 43 , 99 , 180 , 185 , 242323 ;
and Gardner, 105 , 106 , 120 n. 99;
canon aspects, 296 , 298 , 302 ;
feminine culture, 177 , 178 ;
patronage, 38 , 239
Little, Lena, 102 -04, 106 , 111 , 116 n. 44, 117 n. 44, 118 n, 71, 317
Livingston, Robert Le Roy, 55
Locke, Charles, 139 , 142 -44, 146
Loder, George, 92
Loeffler, Charles Martin, 102 , 127 ;
and Gardner, 95 , 99 , 102 , 104 -7, 111 , 118 n. 62, 239 , 304 ;
performances, 98 , 100 , 101 ;
works, 100 , 101 , 105 , 111 , 117 n. 49, 126 ,
Loeffler, Elise Fay, 107 , 120 n. 96
Longy, Georges, 108
Loomis, Harvey Worthington, 155
Los Angeles Philharmonic, 52 n. 68, 60
Löwe, Ferdinand, 131
Lowell, Amy, 39 , 98 , 99 , 120 n. 99
Luhan, Mabel Dodge, 239
Lully, Jean Baptiste, 194
Lyle, Jackie, 53 n. 75
M
Ma, Yo-Yo, 60
Maas, Robert, 194. See also Pro Arte Quartet
MacDowell Clubs, 40
MacDowell Colony, 69 , 88 , 194 , 333 n. 81
MacDowell, Marian, 20 n. 28, 69 , 194 , 314 , 317
Mackay, F. F., 149
MacMillan, Benton, 151
Madison. See University of Wisconsin
Mahler, Alma, 52 n. 69, 182
Mahler, Gustav, 52 n. 69, 77 , 182 , 311
Malibran, Maria, 25
Malipiero, Gian Francesco, 192 -94
Malitz, Nancy, 43
Mallet-Provost, Pauline, 246
management. See administration and management
Mann, Alfred, 290 -93
Mannes School of Music, 202 n. 46
Manuscript Club of Boston, 107
Marchesi, Mathilde, 25
Margulies, Adele, 150
marketing, 150 ;
Brooklyn Seidl Society, 166 , 172 ;
Hughes, A. P., 71 , 72 ;
orchestras, 44 , 74 ;
sound recordings and videos, 300 , 310 , 324 ;
women's clubs, 68 , 69 . See also fundraising
Marquand, Henry G., 147
Marquand family, 27
Marshall, Harriet Gibbs, 219 , 221 , 229
Marsick, Martin, 25
Martini, Giovanni Battista, 101 , 103 , 117 n. 49
Mason, Daniel Gregory, 107 , 195 , 198 , 248 , 259 n. 55, 273
Mason, Fanny, 98 , 99
Mason, Lowell:
Boston activities, 27 , 46 n. 11;
hymns, 25 , 54 , 58 n. 2, 300 , 303
Mason, William, 25 , 231 n. 64
Massenet, Jules, 93 , 169
Mattheson, Johann, 101 , 106 , 117 n. 49
McCarthy, Kathleen, D., 32 , 37 -39, 73 , 78 , 178
McGaughey, Robert A., 28
McGinty, Doris, 41
Mead, Olive, 36
Medtner, Nikolai, 293 , 321
Melba, Nellie, 39 ;
and Gardner, 98 , 100 , 103 , 106 , 120 n. 103, 317 ;
life, 16 n. 7, 59
Mellon, Andrew W., 199
men's studies. See gender issues
Mendelssohn Felix, 103 , 153 , 184 n. 22, 224
Menotti, Gian Carlo, 6 , 7 , 88
Merington, Marguerite, 154
Metropolitan Museum of Art, 51 n. 60, 239 , 240
Metropolitan Opera Guild:
activities, 39 , 51 n. 66;
members, 7 , 20 n. 28, 52 n. 68
Metropolitan Opera House, 140 , 176 , 250 ;
American Opera Company, 142 , 146 ;
Wagner performance, 167 , 170
Metropolitan Opera, 72 , 135 , 239 ;
Kahn patronage, 9 , 18 n. 12, 305 ;
race policy, 224 , 234 n. 48
Meyerbeer, Giacomo, 25 , 141
Meyersohn, Rolf, 306
Migenes, Julia, 28
Milhaud, Darius, 195
Millar, Anna, 178
Miller, Mary, 56
Mills College, 202 n. 46
Milwaukee, 87 -89
Minneapolis, 21 n. 28, 66 , 72
Mitchell, Abbie, 233 n. 33
Mitchell, Lucy Sprague, 190
modernism. See musical style
Mondale, Joan, 22 n. 37
Monson, Karen, 43
Monteux, Pierre, 109 , 110 , 250
Monteverdi, Claudio, 194
Montgomery Singers, 276 , 281 , 282 , 290 , 293
Moore, Ella Sheppard, 220
Moore, Mary Carr, 40 , 317 , 333 n. 81
Moore-Lawson, Corrine, 69
Morgan, George, 56
Morgan, J. Pierpont, 38 , 73 , 129 , 144 , 174 , 304
Morgan, Mrs. J. Pierpont, 174
Morgenthau family, 241
Moross, Jerome, 252 , 254
Morton, Laurence, 62
Moss, Jane, 53 n. 79
Mozart Society of Minneapolis, 72
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 306 , 311 ;
performances, 53 n. 80, 100 , 103 , 104 , 141 , 175 , 305
Muck, Karl, 109 , 110
Murska, Ilma di, 149
Muse, Josephine V., 233 n. 39
Museum of Modern Art, 38 , 48 n. 31
museums, 38 , 42 , 300 , 316 ;
patronage, 47 n. 15, 239 . See also specific names
Musgrave, Thea, 64
Music Critics Circle of New York, 227
musical comedy, 29 ;
African-American, 218 , 234 n. 49;
Hughes, R., 218 , 219 ;
reception of, 307 , 308
musical style:
American distinctiveness, 27 , 303 , 331 n. 62;
avant-garde composition, 38 , 59 -64;
cultivated/vernacular differences, 308 , 311 ;
modernism, 11 , 38 , 237 -52, 254 , 259 n. 55;
relation to patronage, 23 n. 45, 332 n. 77
Mussulman, Joseph A., 278
N
Nancarrow, Conlon, 60
Naples Florida, 53 n. 78
Nashville. See Fisk University
National Association of Colored Women, 217
National Association of Negro Musicians, 229
National Center for Negro Music, 229
National Conservatory, 147 -59;
nationalistic aspects, 314 , 333 n. 81;
J. Thurber patronage, 11 , 42 , 134 -36, 139 , 142 , 178
National Federation of Music Clubs:
administration, 52 n. 68, 69 , 71 , 82 n. 17;
American music promotion, 67 , 68 , 315
National Music League, 255 n. 16
National Negro Opera Company 225 , 235 n. 51
National Opera Company of New Jersey. See American Opera Company
National Organization for Women, 312
National Peace Jubilee and Great Music Festival, 301
National Recreation Association, 273
National Symphony Orchestra, 7 , 74 , 197 , 201 n. 22, 84 n. 51, 235 n. 51
Native peoples aspects, 24 , 333 n. 81
NBC Symphony, 300
Neilsen, Adelaide, 180
New England Conservatory, 52 n. 68, 62 , 122 , 157 , 221
New Haven Philharmonic, 124
New Iberia Louisiana Performing Arts Society, 43 , 53 n. 75, 299
New Music Society, 243
New Orleans, 25 , 218 , 322
New School of Social Research, 190 , 232 n. 23
New Symphony Orchestra, 250 , 251 , 260 n. 60
New York City Opera, 21 n. 28
New York City, 38 , 42 , 140 -59, 170 , 171 , 237 -54;
academic institutions, 29 , 140 , 141 , 157 ;
Wagner Festival, 138 . See also Aeolian Hall; American Opera Company; Arion chorus; Carnegie Hall; City Center; Columbia University; International Composers' Guild; Juilliard School; Klaw Theater; League of Composers; Lewisohn Stadium concert series; Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts; Mannes School; Metropolitan Museum of Art; Metropolitan Opera; Metropolitan Opera Guild; Metropolitan Opera House; Metropolitan Opera Society; Museum of Modern Art; Music Critics Circle; National Conservatory; NBC Symphony; New School of Social Research; New Symphony Orchestra; People's Music League; Russian Symphony Orchestra; St. Phillip's male choir; Six Musical Spillers; Société Anonyme; Spiller Music School; Theodore Drury Colored Opera Company; Thomas Orchestra; Voluntary Action Center of New York; Walden School; Whitney Museum of American Art; Women's City Club of New York
New York Institute of Musical Art. See Juilliard School
New York Philharmonic, 19 n. 24, 43 , 163 n. 64, 176 , 255 n. 16;
and Seidl, 175 , 181 ;
auxiliary, 249 , 259 n. 60, 260 n. 60;
tours, 72 , 82 n. 16;
women's activities, 52 n. 69, 69 , 73 , 76 , 77 , 182
New York Symphony, 82 n. 16, 130 , 240
Nickerson, Camille, 218 , 229 , 235 n. 60, 236 n. 65
Nicolai, Otto, 141
Niemann, Albert, 170
Nikisch, Arthur, 109 , 110 , 316
Norfolk, Connecticut, 124 -28
North Carolina, 25
O
Oakland, 202 n. 46, 322
Offenbach, Jacques, 298
Ohio Music Teachers' Association, 71
Olive Mead Quartet, 36 , 82 n. 16
Oliveros, Pauline, 64
Onnou, Alphonse, 194. See also Pro Arte Quartet opera performance:
concert performances, 44 , 53 n. 80;
home singing, 26 , 35 ;
patron suggestions, 40 , 52 n. 67;
reception in 1990s, 28 , 324 ;
translations, 139 , 170
orchestras. See performing organizations; specific names
Orchestrette Classique, 22 n. 38
organizations. See societies and organizations
ornamentation. See improvisation and ornamentation
Ornstein, Leo, 245 , 246 , 258 n. 44, 293
Osborn, Frank, 272
P
Paderewski, Ignace, 39 , 98 , 99 , 101
Paine, John Knowles, 151 , 162 n. 60, 306 ;
reception of, 309 , 330 n. 52
Palmer, Bertha Honoré (Mrs. Potter Palmer), 31 , 32 , 317
Pardee, Charles Inslee, 150 , 152
Paris, Isaac, 55
Paris Conservatory, 136 , 147 , 148
Parker, Horatio, 126 , 150 , 154 , 155
Pärt, Arvo, 63
Partch, Harry, 60 , 62 , 63 , 321 , 324
Pasadena Art Museum, 62
patronage, 77 , 312 ;
African-Americans, 41 , 214 -30;
American modernism, 237 -54;
Coolidge, E. S., 185 -208;
corporations, 31 , 42 ;
government, 27 , 29 , 42 , 313 , 323 ;
Drinker family, 266 -93;
gender distinctions, 1 -15, 33 , 251 , 335 n. 101;
Gardner, I. S., 31 , 90 -121;
history and historiography, 2 , 26 -31, 302 ;
methods, 48 n. 21, 51 n. 62, 59 , 198 , 324 ;
motivations and patterns, 30 , 45 , 322 , 335 n. 98;
patron stereotypes, 2 , 4 , 17 n. 9, 19 n. 19, 22 n. 38, 40 , 252 , 253 , 295 -97, 313 -24;
patron typology, 9 , 37 -39, 41 , 42 , 51 n. 61;
recipient aspects, 23 n. 45, 133 ;
scholarships, 148 , 317 ;
Thurber, J., 134 -63;
visual arts, 51 n. 60, 255 n. 15;
wealth role, 4 , 31 , 38 , 49 n. 42, 73 , 140 , 312 ;
women, 33 , 34 , 37 , 45 . See also awards; commissions; competitions; scholarships; volunteerism
Patterson, Mary Jane, 231 n. 6
Paur, Emil, 109 , 136 , 156
Peabody, Francis, 91
pedagogy, 47 n. 16, 271 , 273 ;
solfeggio curriculum, 148 , 157 , 158 ;
women's activities, 4 , 6 , 42 , 320 . See also academic institutions, children
Peltz, Mary Ellis (Mrs. John), 20 n. 28, 293
People's Chorus, 47 n. 18
People's Music League, 246 , 247 , 249 , 258 n. 46
Perelman, Ronald O., 335 n. 101
performing organizations, 42 , 323 ;
economics, 5 , 43 , 45 ;
educational outreach programs, 43 , 44 , 52 n. 68;
orchestras, 43 , 217 , 332 n. 71;
opera, 224 , 225 ;
women on committees, 39 , 40 , 65 , 73 -78, 80 , 81 . See also specific names
Perkins, Alice Forbes, 91
Petrides, Frédérique, 22 n. 38
Philadelphia Conservatory, 293 n. 1
Philadelphia Orchestra, 132 ;
and Drinker family, 270 , 279 ;
touring, 72 , 82 n. 16;
women's role, 73 , 76 , 178
Philadelphia, 270 . See also Curtis Institute of Music; Montgomery Singers; Trapp Family Singers; University of Pennsylvania
Phippen, Joshua, 154
Pierné, Gabriel, 224
Pinckney, Estelle, 320
Piston, Walter, 242 , 331 n. 63
Pittsburgh Orchestra, 41
Pittsburgh Symphony, 67 , 72 , 82 n. 16, 156
Pittsfield, Massachusetts, 39
Polignac, Princess Edmond de, 1 , 2 , 6 , 321
politics, 12 , 248 ;
patrons, 12 , 42 , 52 n. 68, 52 n. 69, 63 , 266 , 289 n. 70;
women's participation, 34 , 35 , 333 n. 81, 334 n. 94. See also democratization of the arts; government
Polk, William M., 129 , 130 , 131
popular music. See vernacular music
Portland, Maine. See Rossini Club of Portland
Post, Marjorie Merriweather, 7
Powell, John, 126
Powell, Maud, 16 n. 7, 36 , 37 , 127 , 181
Powell, Mel, 11 , 60 , 324
Prévost, Germain, 194. See also Pro Arte Quartet
Price, Florence, 222 , 289 n. 69
Prichard, Matthew Stewart, 115 n. 29
Pro Arte Quartet, 194 , 195 , 261 n. 74
Proctor, George, 95 , 97 , 101 -03, 105 , 106 , 115 n. 26, 118 n. 62, 318
professionalism:
American Opera Company Chorus, 142 , 143 ;
Drinker family, 271 , 280 , 281 , 288 n. 52, 293 ;
NOW proclamation, 312 , 313 ;
performers, 54 , 310 , 331 n. 64;
sacralization, 278 , 279 , 282 ;
women, 2 , 4 , 37 , 40 -43, 50 n. 44, 87 , 322 . See also amateurs, careers, and volunteerism
Prunières, Henry, 185 , 192 , 194
publishing, 27 , 29 , 45 , 277 ;
American Composers of Today , 250 ;
Cos Cob Press, frontispiece , 241 , 242 , 263 ;
New Music Editions , 243 ;
Opera News , 51 n. 66;
Scribner firm, 47 n. 18;
women editors, 238
Pulitzer, Joseph, 73 , 77 , 78
Putnam, Marion Walton, 243
R
race, 24 , 296 ;
and Coolidge, 206 ;
and Engel, 207 ;
and Gardner, 117 n. 60, 118 n. 66;
and Irwin, 118 n. 66;
as subject, 12 ;
discrimination, 215 , 217 , 218 , 220 ;
Metropolitan Opera discrimination policy, 224 , 234 n. 48;
National Conservatory admissions, 148 ;
racist criticism, 251 ;
Sibelius views, 127 . See also African-American issues; ethnicity
Rachmaninoff, Sergei, 125 , 314
Radcliffe College, 121 n. 112
radio, 19 n. 24, 52 n. 68, 197 , 198 , 300 ,
ragtime, 24 , 79 , 307 , 308 . See also jazz and blue
Rameau, Jean-Philippe, 101 , 117 n. 49
Ratner, Anne, 335 n. 98
Ravel. Maurice, 238 , 245 , 258 n. 46
recordings. See sound recordings
Reich, Steve, 7 , 39 , 60 , 62 , 63 , 321 , 324
Reimann, Stanley, 272
Reis, Claire Raphael, 238 , 244 -50, 246, 247 , 256 n. 17, 262 ;
and Wertheim, 241 , 242
Reiser, Alois, 155
religion and spirituality, 26 , 63 ;
Drinker, S. H., 276 , 278 -84, 289 n. 66;
Wagner reception, 175 , 183 n. 19. See also sacralization of music
Reszke, Édouard de, 101 , 146
Reszke, Jean de, 29 , 101 , 146
Reynolds, Mary, 14
Rich, Alan, 60
Richardson, William, 226
Ridgely, Elizabeth, 27
Riley, Terry, 60 , 61
Rochester, 53 n. 80
Rockefeller, Abby Aldrich, 38
Rockefeller, Martha Baird, 20 n. 28, 59
Rockwell, John, 61 , 62
Rogers, Clara Kathleen, 39 , 105 , 308 ;
and Gardner, 107 , 108
Root, Elihu, 131
Rosen, Max, 247
Rosenfeld, Paul, 245 , 246 , 251 , 252
Rosenwald, Julius, 48 n. 21
Rossini Club of Portland, Maine, 66
Rossini, Gioachino, 153 , 301
Rouse, Christopher, 60
Roush, Natalie, 295
Rowley, Edwin C., 58 n. 4
Rowley, Mrs. Alexander S. See Shufelt, Julia A.
Rubenstein, Anton, 141 , 142
Rubin, Joan Shelley, 302 , 307
Ruggles, Carl, 242 , 243 , 248 , 257 n. 32
Rumph, Fred, 149
Rush Medical College, 200 n. 9
Russian Symphony Orchestra, 72 , 82 n. 16
S
Saariaho, Kaija, 64
sacralization of music, 125 , 305 ;
Coolidge, E. S., 187 , 196 , 198 , 204 ;
Drinker, S. H., 266 , 267 , 271 , 274 , 279 -83;
Levine views, 73 , 74 , 278 -80, 282 , 287 n. 38, 296 -98, 301 , 302 , 306 , 311 ;
Locke views, 296 -313;
women's role, 80 , 177 , 179 . See also religion and spirituality
Safonov, Vassily, 156 , 163 n. 64
Saint-Saëns, Camille, 36 , 169 , 175 , 176 , 308
salaries:
African-American women, 217 ;
American Opera Company, 143 ;
Chicago Symphony pension fund, 189 ;
church organists, 55 ;
Gardner performances, 104 , 118 n. 70;
Harvard Musical Association Orchestra, 310 ;
Paderewski, I., 101 ;
Stokowski, L., 132 ;
1990s, 44 . See also economics
salons:
Beach, A., 39 ;
Bliss Dumbarton Oaks, 209 -12, 212 n. 2;
Boston, 39 , 199 n. 81;
Dixie family, 98 ;
Gardner, I. S., 11 , 91 , 93 -103, 114 n. 13, 118 n. 62;
Lowell, A., 98 , 99 ;
Mason, F., 98 , 99 ;
Princess de Polignac, 238 ;
Ratner, A., 335 n. 98;
Sears family, 98 ;
Taft, H. H., 84 n. 56;
Tapper, B. F., 245 ;
Thurber, J., 138 ;
Walton, B. W., 242 -46. See also family and domestic aspects
Salzedo, Carlos, 254 n. 3, 259 n. 52
Samaroff, Olga, 6 , 36 , 285 n. 12, 293 ;
and Dehon, 129 -33, 318
Saminsky, Lazare, 247
San Francisco, 7 , 45 , 62
Sand, George, 36 , 317
Sapio, Romualdo de, 161 n. 43
Sargent, John Singer, 90 , 93 , 104 , 105 , 117 n. 52
Satie, Erik, 238
Satt, Hilda, 29
Scarlatti, Domenico, 102
scenography, 139 , 141 , 143 , 146 , 173
Schiff, David, 1
Schmitz, Germaine, 254 n. 3
Schnabel, Artur, 59 , 293 n. 3, 316
Schnebel, Dieter, 63
Schneider, Alexander, 88
Schnittke, Alfred, 63
Schoen-René, Anna, 72
Schoenberg, Arnold:
performances, 95 , 193 , 256 n. 17, 258 n. 46;
reception of, 59 , 256 n. 18, 259 n. 55
Schoenefeld, Henry, 154
scholarships:
Columbus Ohio Women's Music Clubs, 71 ;
Howard University Olive J. Harrison fund, 220 ;
Washington B-Sharp Club, 232 . See also awards; competitions
Schubert, Franz, 67 , 102 , 103 , 311
Schulz, Leo, 156
Schumann, Robert, 44 , 100 , 105 , 175 , 195
Scott, Anne Firor, 11 , 37 , 40 , 179 , 240
Scriabin, Alexander, 258 n. 46, 311
Seabury, Frank, 91
Sears, Joshua Montgomery, 39
Sears, Sara Choate, 39
Seattle, 332 n. 81, 334 n. 95
Seeger, Charles, 242 , 244
Seeger, Ruth Crawford:
and patrons, 242 , 244 ;
reception of, 2 , 254 n. 3, 289 n. 69, 310
Seidl Orchestra, 164 , 165 , 176 , 181
Seidl Society, 164 -82, 309
Seidl, Anton, 42 , 136 , 150 , 154 , 309 ;
Seidl Society activities, 164 -82
Seidl, Auguste, 181
Seligman, Henry, 140 , 144
Seligman, Jesse, 147
Sembrich, Marcella, 29 , 36 , 146
Senac, Regio, 149
serious music. See cultivated music
Sessions, Roger, 59 , 242 , 252
Severance, Elisabeth, 77
Severance, John, 77
Seward, Theodore, 220
Sharp, Amor W., 71
Sheldon, Mary Seney (Mrs. George R.), 69 , 76 -78, 182
Shelley, Harry Rowe, 155
Sheppard, Ella. See Moore, Ella Sheppard
Shouse, Catherine Filene, 7
Shufelt, Julia A., 56
Sibelius, Jan, 126 , 127
Sills, Beverly, 16 n. 7, 88
Singer, Winaretta. See Polignac, Princess Edmond de
Six Musical Spillers, 218
Skinner, Emma, 58 n. 4
Sloan, Joan, 255 n. 15
Slonimsky, Nicolas, 251
Smith, Bessie, 298
Smith, Catherine Parsons, 10 , 37 , 38 , 252 , 254
Smith, David Stanley, 126
Smith, Ella May, 69 , 70 , 71 , 316
Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll, 32 , 33
Smyth, Ethel, 37 , 107
Snyder, Nettie Fuller, 72 , 84 n. 51
social concerns, 117 n. 60;
activism, 8 , 9 , 18 n. 11;
African-American aspects, 217 , 218 , 229 ;
Chicago, 48 n. 21, 200 n. 9;
Coolidge family, 190 , 200 n. 17;
Drinker, S. H., 268 , 283 , 288 n. 53, 291 ;
NOW proclamation, 312 , 313 ;
Reis activities, 245 , 246 ;
relation to the arts, 318 , 319 ;
volunteerism, 8 , 9 , 21 n. 36, 40 , 45 , 324 ;
women's societies, 31 , 65 , 249 , 259 n. 56
social group. See class and social group
Società per la musica moderna (SIMM), 193
Société Anonyme, 245
societies and organizations:
performing organizations committees, 39 , 65 , 74 -78, 80 , 81 , 87 -89, 317 ;
typology, 38 -40;
women's music clubs, 40 , 49 n. 32, 65 -69, 71 -73, 79 -81, 86 n. 98, 333 n. 81. See also specific names
Society for the Collection of Negro Folklore, 229
Sokoloff, Nikolai, 77
Solie, Ruth A., 42
Sonneck, Oscar G., 28 , 36 , 157
sound recordings, 300 , 333 n. 82;
musical life influence, 12 , 28 , 323
Sousa, John Philip, 170 , 173 , 287 n. 36, 307 , 308
Spiller, Isabelle Taliaferro, 218
spirituality. See religion and spirituality
spirituals, 12 , 24 , 220 , 232 n. 13;
publication, 229 , 230 . See also gospel music
Spivey, Emilie, 328 n. 17
Spoleto Festival, 88
Sprague, Albert Arnold, 188 , 189 , 200 n. 9
Sprague, Nancy Atwood, 26
St. Cecilia Club of Grand Rapids, 69 , 84 n. 51
St. Denis, Ruth, 182
St. Louis Symphony, 43
St. Paul Symphony, 73 , 84 n. 51
St. Paul, 20 n. 28
St. Phillip's male choir, 153
Staats, Abram, 55
Stein, Leonard, 62
Still, Clyfford, 61
Stock, Frederick, 126 , 191 , 280
Stockhausen, Karlheinz, 60 , 62
Stoeckel, Carl, 125 -27
Stoeckel, Ellen Battell, 125 -28
Stoeckel, Gustave J., 124 , 191
Stokowski, Leopold, 250 , 255 n. 16;
and Dehon, 129 , 132 , 133 , 318 ;
reception of, 280 , 288 n. 47
Storer, Maria Longworth, 72
Stradivari, Antonio, 7 , 105 , 106
Strange-Davis, Alice, 219
Stratas, Teresa, 28
Strauss, Johann, Jr., 105 , 172
Strauss, Pauline de Ahna, 75
Strauss, Richard:
Cincinnati visit, 75 ;
performances, 67 , 169 , 175 , 270 ;
reception of, 11 , 110 , 299
Stravinsky, Igor:
and Bliss Dumbarton Oaks Concerto , 209 , 211 , 212 , 316 ;
and Coolidge, 11 , 193 ;
patronage, 19 n. 22, 132 , 238 ;
performances, 249 , 258 n. 46
Streisand, Barbra, 22 n. 37
Strelezki, Anton, 104
Strickland, William, 37
Strothotte, Maurice Arnold, 148 , 154 , 155 , 162 n. 59
Stuart, Levi U., 55 -58
Stuart, William J., 55
Stucken, Frank van der, 79 , 136 , 150 , 151
style. See musical style
Sullivan, Arthur, 298
Sullivan, Thomas Russell, 98
Surette, Thomas Whitney, 273 , 276 , 286 n. 24
Swift Kay, 246
Switzer, Rebecca, 83 n. 25
Szelényi, István, 262
T
Taft, Annie Sinton, 75 -77
Taft, Charles, 76 , 77
Taft, Helen Herron, 74 , 75
Taft, William Howard, 84 n. 56, 127
Talbert, Florence Cole, 220 , 221 , 224
Talma, Louise, 43
Tanglewood. See Berkshire Music Center
Tapper, Bertha Fiering, 245 , 246 , 258 n. 42
taste. See aesthetics, appreciation
Taylor, Deems, 16 n. 6, 138 , 247 , 252
Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Il'yich, 67 , 126 , 321
terminology:
"activist," 8 , 9 ;
African-American issues, 22 n. 43;
"bigotry," 326 n. 4;
"classical," 331 n. 6. 0;
"club," 34 ;
"cultivated music," 1 , 2 , 25 , 325 n. 1, 331 n. 60;
"folk," 331 n. 60;
"light classical," 26 ;
"mystification," 297 ;
"patron," 8 , 9 , 41 ;
"popular music," 78 ;
"sacralization," 297 ;
"serious," 331 n. 60;
"vernacular music," 1 , 2 , 24 , 25 , 331 n. 60;
"volunteer," 8 , 9 , 312 , 313 ;
women's names, 13 , 22 n. 43;
"women's sphere," 20 n. 26;
Terrell, Mary Church, 215
Terry, Julia, 95
Thaxter, Celia, 330 n. 52
theater, 31 , 36 , 45 , 88 ;
Levine views, 297 , 311
Theodore Drury Colored Opera Company, 234 n. 50
Thomas, Rose Fay, 66 , 78
Thomas, Theodore, 6 , 118 n. 71, 195 ;
American Opera Company activities, 136 , 139 , 140 , 142 -46;
children's concerts, 138 , 178 ;
National Conservatory activities, 136 , 147 ;
Thomas Orchestra, 36 , 68 , 71 , 72 , 138 -40
Thompson, Randall, 31 , 291 , 293
Thomson, Claribel, 272 , 290 , 291
Thomson, Richard, 272
Thomson, Virgil, 227 , 242 ;
patrons and patronage, 14 , 19 n. 22, 23 n. 45, 60 , 241 , 242
Thurber family, 136 -38
Thurber, Francis B., 147 , 152 , 156 , 290
Thurber, Jeannette Meyer, 29 , 134 -59, 137 , 314 ;
patronage, 11 , 42 , 178 , 320
Tick, Judith, 35 , 274
Tilghman, Amelia L., 229
Tirindelli, Pier Adolfo, 103 , 105 , 106 , 116 n. 44
Tomlins, William Lawrence, 162 n. 60
Toscanini, Arturo, 192 , 280 , 300
touring, 36 , 44 ;
American Opera Company, 42 , 134 , 142 -44, 146 ;
Coolidge, E. S., 195 ;
Milwaukee Bel Canto Chorus, 88 ;
National Negro Opera Company, 235 n. 51;
Seidl, A., 170 ;
Thomas, T., 68 , 138 ;
women's clubs concert series, 67 , 72
Tower, Joan, 43 , 64
Trapp Family Singers, 272 , 290 , 292 , 293
travel. See touring
Treble Clef Club, 78 , 79 , 216 , 217
Trend, David, 311
Trillin, Calvin, 43 , 53 n. 75, 299
Trotter, James M., 226
Troy, New York auditorium, 299
Tucson Saturday Morning Musical Club, 65
Tully, Alice, 7 , 20 n. 28, 59
Tuskegee Institute, 220 , 221 , 233 n. 33
Twin Cities. See Minneapolis; St. Paul
U
Universalist Society, 55
universities. See academic institutions and specific names
University of Minnesota, 72
University of Pennsylvania, 270
University of Wisconsin, 195
Urso, Camilla, 36
V
Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 145
Vanderbilt family, 27 , 30 , 73 , 188
Vanderbilt, William K., 140 , 147
Varèse, Edgard:
and Walton, B. W., 257 n. 32;
New Symphony Orchestra, 240 , 251 , 255 ;
International Composers' Guild, 237 , 256 n. 17
Varèse, Louise, 244 , 247 , 250 , 254 n. 3, 256 n. 17
Vaughn Williams, Ralph, 274 , 293
Verdi, Giuseppe, 311 ;
performances, 44 , 88 , 141 , 220 , 224 , 225 , 235 n. 51;
reception of, 26 , 28 , 306 , 309
Verlaine, Paul, 105 , 106
vernacular music, 24 , 54 ;
African-American aspects, 229 , 230 ;
cultivated music relationship, 78 , 311 ;
Drinker family, 278 , 286 n. 33, 287 n. 33;
19th century, 307 -9. See also cultivated music
Viardot, Pauline, 25 , 36
Vienna Damen Orchester, 36
visual arts, 39 , 78 , 212 n. 2, 315 ;
Freeman, B., 60 , 61 , 63 , 64 n. 5, 324 ;
Gardner, I. S., 92 , 97 , 101 , 111 ;
K. D. McCarthy views, 37 -39;
1920s, 28 , 238 , 245 ;
patron typology, 37 -39;
patronage, 5 , 31 , 32 , 51 n. 60, 53 n. 81, 239 , 241 , 255 n. 15
Vivaldi, Antonio, 194
voluntarism. See volunteerism
Voluntary Action Center of New York, 313
volunteerism:
decline, 45 , 89 ;
Reis, C., 244 , 249 ;
social concerns, 21 n. 36, 45 , 268 ;
terminology bias, 312 , 313
W
Wadsworth, James W., 158
Waefelghem, Louis van, 117 n. 49
Wagenaar, Bernard, 159
Wagner, Cosima, 105
Wagner, Richard:
and Gardner family, 93 , 103 , 114 n. 10, 114 n. 12
performances, 67 , 301 ;
American Opera Company, 141 , 143 ;
Brooklyn, 42 , 167 , 169 -76, 309 ;
Thomas Orchestra, 138 , 160 n. 14
reception of, 28 , 305 ;
Brooklyn, 165 , 174 -79;
ca. 1900, 11 , 100 , 182
Walden School, 260 n. 66
Waller, Henry, 155
Walton, Blanche Wetherill, 242 -44, 243 , 257 n. 31;
and Copland, 252 , 262 , 263 ;
house concerts, 39 , 244 ;
patronage, 238 , 239 , 250 , 317
Ward, Mrs. T. W., 147
Washington Conservatory of Music and School of Expression, 221 , 222 , 233 n. 34
Washington, D.C., 41 , 215 -17, 219 -22, 224 , 225 , 320 . See also American Symphony; Bethel Literary and Historical Society; Coleridge-Taylor Choral Society; Colored American Opera Company; Constitution Hall; Coolidge Auditorium; Corcoran Gallery; Corda Club; Friday Morning Music Club; Howard University; Library of Congress; National Negro Opera Company; National Symphony Orchestra; Treble Clef Club
Wasner, Franz, 292 , 293
Watson, Regina Cohn, 195 , 202 n. 49
Webber, Amherst, 105
Weber, Carl Maria von, 67 , 184 n. 22
Webster, Beveridge, 62 , 210 , 211
Webster, Estelle Pinckney, 219
Weisshaus, Imre, 262
Weld, Arthur, 151
Weller, Frances, 83 n. 25
Wertheim, Alma Morgenthau:
and Copland, 263 , 318 ;
composers' societies, 38 , 247 , 256 n. 17, 259 n. 58;
Cos Cob Press, frontispiece , 38 , 241 , 242 ;
patronage, 238 , 239
Whisonant, Lawrence. See Winters, Larry
White, Clarence Cameron, 224 , 235 n. 51
Whithorne, Emerson, frontispiece , 262 , 263
Whiting, Arthur, 195
Whitney Museum of American Art, 240
Whitney, Gertrude Vanderbilt (Mrs. Harry Payne), 238 -41;
composers' societies, 251 , 255 n. 8, 255 n. 13;
life, 5 , 31 , 244 , 312 ;
reception of, 38 , 316
Whittall, Gertrude Clark, 7
Williams, Fannie Barrier, 214
Williams, Virginia, 235 n. 54
Williamsburg. See Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Center
Winchester Orchestral Society, 46 n. 12
Winters, Larry, 218 , 232 n. 19
Wister, Frances Anne, 73 , 76
Wister, Marina, 289 n. 69
Wolf Trap National Park, 7
Wolff, Janet, 307
Women's Century Club of Seattle, 333 n. 81
Women's City Club of New York, 248 , 259 n. 56
women's studies. See gender issues
women, 8 , 9 , 12 , 89 , 324 ;
clubs, 65 , 87 ;
motivations, 53 n. 82, 321 , 322 . See also amateurism; patronage; social concerns
Wood, Sir Henry, 37
Woodward, Sidney, 234 n. 49
Wooldridge, David, 313 , 332 n. 77, 333 n. 79
World's Columbian Exposition, 66 , 195
Wormley, Josephine E., 219
Y
Yale Summer School of Music and Art in Norfolk. See Norfolk Music School
Yale University, 124 , 125 , 127 , 190 , 201 n. 19
Young, La Monte, 60 , 6164 n. 2, 64 n. 7
Ysaÿe, Eugene, 82 n. 19, 105
Z
Zanzig, Augustus, 271 , 273 , 286 n. 24
Zazeela, Marian, 64 n. 7
Zeckwer, Camille W., 155
Zolberg, Vera, 307
Zwilich, Ellen Taafe, 2 , 43