Index

A

Agriculture, protection of, 25 , 41 , 80 -81, 83 , 94 , 98 .

See also Protectionism;

Planters

Alamán, Lucas, 142

Albán, Ignacio, 156

Aletazos del murciélago (Fuentes), 66 , 70

Álvarez, Enrique, 137

Amézaga, Mariano, 106 , 158 -60, 197

Amunátegui, Manuel, 43 , 168 , 175 , 196

Ancash, 78

Anti-imperialism, 51 -52, 77 , 89 ;

in Esteves, 190 -92, 202

Anti-militarism, 132 , 146 , 148 -49, 195

Antuñano, Estevan de, 46

Apuntes para la historia económica del Perú (Esteves), 187 -89, 192 -96, 199 -202

Apurímac, 196

Aramburú, Andrés Avelino, 152 , 154 , 157 , 165 , 171

Aráoz, Antonio, 125

Arequipa, 26 , 90 , 93 -97, 99 , 102 , 135 , 154 , 194 .

See also Regionalism

Argentina, 24 , 209

Argüelles, José Canga, 24

El Artesano (Lima), 154

Artisans, 70 , 118 , 128 -29;

and civilism, 155 -56;

colonial golden age of, 40 -41;

ideology of, 33 -37, 179 -80;

and Jacobinism, 36 , 137 -41, 144 -47;

of Lima, 32 , 36 , 61 , 67 -68, 75 , 80 , 119 -21, 134 -35, 153 -54;

as middle sector, 32 -33, 139 -41, 153 -54;

politics of, 33 -37, 60 -61, 80 , 128 , 133 -63;

riots of 1858, 37 , 60 -61;

rural, 32 , 40 -42, 82 , 193 -94;

in social theory, 141 .

See also Factories; Guilds

Aspíllaga clan, 125

Asociación de Ingenieros del Perú, 106 -8

Asociación Pro-Indígena, 185

Associations:

29 , 47 , 101 , 136 , 140 -41, 155 , 178 .

See also Entrepreneurism; Guilds

Atacama desert, 9 , 133

Ayacucho, 24 , 40 -41, 152 , 196 -98

B

Backus, Jacob, 168

Balta, José, 8 , 98 ;

Balta-Piérola regime (1869-72), 8 , 72 , 91 , 103 , 114 , 131 , 149 , 154

Banking, 7 , 74 , 105 , 113 , 115 ;

Banco de Londres, México y Sudamérica, 182 ;

Banco del Perú, 71 , 113 ;

Banco Hipotecario Territorial, 125 ;

Banco Italiano, 171 , 186

Barreda y Osma, Felipe, 186

Basadre, Carlos, 101

Basadre, Jorge, 2 , 99

Bastiat, Frèdèric, 24 , 28

Basurto, Manuel, 156

Bellavista (naval foundry), 43 , 105 , 151

Belzú, Manuel, 137

Beneficencia Pública de Lima, 72 , 163 , 165

Bentham, Jeremy, 26

Biblioteca Nacional, 185

Bilbao, Francisco, 137 -38, 158

Billinghurst, Guillermo, 185

Blanqui, Louis Auguste, 28

Blume, Federico, 90 , 104 , 105 , 106

Bolívar, Simón, 26 , 27

Bolognesi, Francisco, 148 , 149

Borrego, Andrés, 46

Brain drain, 198

Budgets:

and fiscal problems, 38 , 50 ;

and fiscal reform, 114 -15, 127 , 128 .

See also Cisneros, Luis Benjamín

Bustamante, Juan, 42 , 135 , 196 , 199

C

Cáceres, Andrés, 183 , 196

Caja de Ahorros (of Lima), 155

Cajamarca, 102

Callao, 26 , 37 , 43 , 90 , 106 , 121 , 124 , 131 , 149 , 150 , 155

Campo, José Enrique del, 154

Candamo, Pedro Gonzales, 44 , 60

Capelo, Joaquín, 184

Capital goods, 47 , 91 -97, 107 -8, 162 , 178

Carranza, Luis, 196 -99, 203

Casanova, Juan Norberto, 43 , 45 -57, 78 , 85 , 88 , 119 , 124 , 152 , 168 , 174 , 190 , 201 , 203

Casós, Fernando, 109 , 138 , 139

Castilla, Ramón, 5 , 27 , 28 , 38 , 39 , 44 -45, 51 , 56 , 59 , 61 , 63 , 72 , 73 , 75 , 76 , 88 , 89 , 101 , 146

Catecismo de economía política (Fuentes), 70

Caudillos, 22 -28, 30 , 40 , 41 , 59 , 61 , 72 , 88 , 96 , 99 , 182 , 197

CEPAList school, 14 , 209

Cerro de Pasco, 26 , 38 , 79 , 111 , 116

Chacaltana, Agustín, 157

Chanchamayo, 93

Chevalier, Michel, 28 , 46 , 74

Chile, 25 , 92 , 94 , 181 , 199

Chincha Islands, 38 , 49 , 116 , 130

Chorrillos, 61 , 65

Científicos,114 , 129

Cisneros, Luciano B., 76 , 97 -98, 113

Cisneros, Luis Benjamín, 7 , 50 , 71 , 72 , 77 , 90 , 97 , 98 -99, 111 -29, 138 , 176 , 187 , 203

Civilismo (civil politics), 8 , 40 , 148 -51;

civilistas, 4 , 7 , 64 , 71 , 74 , 75 , 89 , 101 , 132 , 205.

See also Pardo, Manuel

Class formation, 5 -7, 10 , 55 , 125 -26, 153 -54, 170 -71, 207

Club Progresista, 141 , 149

Coatsworth, John H., 110

Cobden, Richard, 28

Coca, 195

Cohen, José, 154 , 168 , 169 , 170

Colbert, Jean Baptiste, 24 , 84 , 86

Colombia, 24 , 105 , 209

Colonial period, 24 , 85 -87, 97 , 119

as golden age, 200 -201

El Comercio (Lima), 43 , 44 , 54 , 149 , 168 , 196

Comte, Auguste, 106 , 189

Confederación de Artesanos Unión Universal, 154

Congress (of Peru), 102 , 124 ;

debates of 1845, 40 -41;

of 1857 and 1859, 75 , 146 ;

1859 tariff commission, 57 , 75 ;

of 1872-76, 166

Conservatives, 142 -43

Consolidados (of internal debt), 6 , 27 , 31 , 53 , 59 , 60 , 138

El Constitucional (Lima), 141

Copello, Juan, and Luis Petriconi, 100 , 126 , 130 , 133 , 134 , 163 -81, 187 , 195

Corporatism, 25 , 180 , 210

El Correo del Perú (Lima), 147 , 157

Costumbrista literature, 65 -66, 144

Councils of Promotion (fomento ), 129 , 178 , 180 , 186

Courcelle-Senueil, Jean Gustave, 71

Cuerpo civil de ingenieros, 106

Cursantes de economía política, 54 , 56

Cuzco, 91 -93, 97 , 121 , 131 , 154 , 185 , 200

D

Dancuart, P. Emilio, 186

Davelouis, Héctor, 103 , 104

Dependency school, 3 -10, 14 , 50 -51, 73 , 164 , 205 ;

in nineteenth century, 123 , 170

Developmental ideology, 17 -19, 208 ;

of liberals, 28 -31, 61 -63;

and politics, 134 , 163 , 179 -81

Diccionario para el pueblo:

Republicano dem-

ocrático, moral, político y filosófico (Espinoza), 139

Diversification, 39 , 51 , 64 , 112 , 190 ;

in Casanova, 45 -50;

in L. B. Cisneros, 115 -19;

in Copello and Petriconi, 172 -78;

in Pardo, 77 -87

Doux commerce , 27 -28, 41 , 48

Dreyfus contract, 8 , 9 , 72 , 98 , 108 , 113 , 114 , 131 , 139 , 165 , 188 , 191

Dualism (social), 196 -98

"Dutch disease," 53

Duval, Alfredo, 86 , 104 , 162

E

Echenique, José Rufino, 6 , 56 , 59 , 60 , 138 , 139 ;

Castilla rivalry, 59 , 142

El Economista Peruano (Lima), 186

Edgardo (Cisneros), 113

El Educador Popular (Lima), 160

Education:

technical, 76 , 83 , 92 , 106 , 136 , 139 , 151 -54, 157 -63.

See also Escuela de Artes y Oficios

Elías, Domingo, 44 , 47 , 54

Elites, of Lima, 4 -7, 19 , 31 , 37 , 39 , 55 , 59 , 72 , 125 -26

Emancipación de la industria (Tejeda), 135

Empleomanía , 30 , 96 , 98 ;

empleo-necesidad (in L. B. Cisneros), 117 , 128

Engineers, 90 -92, 103 -9

Enríquez, Trinidad María, 155

Ensayo económico-político sobre el porvenir de la industria algodonera fabril del Perú (Casanova), 39 , 45 -52

Ensayo sobre varias cuestiones económicas del Perú (L. B. Cisneros), 112 , 114 , 115 , 117 , 118 , 122 , 126 , 128 , 129

Entrepreneurism, 43 , 46 -47, 186 , 190 , 200 -201

Escuela de Artes y Oficios (Lima), 151 -54, 158 -59, 183 ;

effect on Lima, 153 -55, 159

Espinoza, Juan, 76 , 139 , 140

Estadística general de Lima (Fuentes), 65 -69

Esteves, Luis, 87 , 100 , 187 -202

Estudio sobre la independencia económica del Perú (Copello and Petriconi), 134 , 163 -64, 172 -81

Estudios sobre la provincia de Jauja (Pardo), 77 -79, 81 -82, 84 , 87 -89, 99 , 103

Exports:

crisis of, 183 -87;

exporters, 8 , 25 , 47 , 81 , 83 , 125 -26, 165 ;

in 1850s and 1860s, 58 , 77 .

See also Guano; Planters

F

Factories, 85 -86, 119 -21, 168 , 174 -75, 178 -79;

of 1848-52 in Lima, 42 -45;

of 1870s, 167 -71;

failures, 55 -57, 68 -69;

rural manufacturing, 40 -42, 48 , 82 -83, 84 , 95 , 121 , 192 -95, 200 -202.

See also Industrialism; Obrajes

Feminism, 76 , 137

Ferrocarril de Arequipa:

Informe de los empresarios,93 , 95

"Los Ferrocarriles y su influencia sobre la economía nacional" (Miles), 100

Fictitious prosperity, 2 , 29 , 63 , 88 , 116 , 172 -73, 181 , 203

Figueroa, Manuel T., 154

Fogel, Robert W., 109

Fourier, Charles, 138

Fracasomania, 208

Free trade, 31 , 48 , 62 -67, 123 -26;

and free-traders, 22 , 26 -29, 35 , 40 , 54 -56, 104 , 135 -37, 187 ;

transition to, 27 -28, 35 -36, 41 -42, 54 -55, 104

Fuentes, Manuel Anastasio, 64 -71, 76 , 100 , 112 , 118 , 129 , 136 , 142 , 143 , 203

G

Gálvez, José, 63 , 141 , 149

Gálvez, Pedro, 141 , 171

Gamarra, Agustín, 26 , 99 ;

Gamarristas , 25 , 27 , 147

Gamonales , 6 , 195

García, José María, 35

García Calderón, Francisco, 156 , 186

Garland, Alejandro, 187

Garmendia, Francisco, 78 , 104 , 121 , 188 , 193 , 195 , 200 , 201

Garrido, Fernando, 155

Gerschenkron, Alexander, 208

Gibbs and Sons, Anthony, 3 , 6 , 130 ;

Gibbs contract, 58 , 144

Gibson, Patricio, 93

El gobierno de libertad (Bilbao), 137

God, as free-trader, 61 -62

González, Francisco, 155

González Prada, Manuel, 146 , 156 , 169 , 185 , 208

Gorriti, Juana Manuela, 76 , 137 , 147

Grace contract, 10 , 111 , 141 , 183 , 184

Guano, age of, 1 -3, 18 , 22 , 25 , 38 , 90 , 109 , 111 , 114 , 118 , 125 , 181 , 182 , 198 ;

crisis of, 4 , 63 , 73 , 77 , 88 -89, 97 , 115 -17, 130 -32, 165 -68, 172 -75, 183 -85;

economy of, 2 , 99 , 115 , 167 ;

effect on Lima, 35 , 38 -39, 58 -60;

and industrialization, 49 -50;

and trade, 27 , 31 , 38 -39, 49 , 58 , 127

Gubbins, J. Russell, 187

Guía histórico-descriptiva administrativa, judicial y de domicilios de Lima (Fuentes), 70

Guilds, 32 -35, 37 , 55 , 68 , 85 , 119 , 128 , 129 ;

and politics, 32 , 35 -37, 57 ;

powers of, 70 , 140 ;

protectionism of, 33 , 134 -36;

riots of 1858, 37 , 60 -62, 143 -45, 148 .

See also Artisans

Gutiérrez coup (1872), 132 , 155

H

Habich, Eduardo Juan de, 104 , 106

Hamilton, Alexander, 46

Haya de la Torre, Víctor, 192 , 208

Herce, Modesto, 44

Herrera, Bartolomé, 74 , 79 , 142

El Hijo del Pueblo (Lima), 148

Hijos del país, 6 , 33 , 59 , 72 , 140 .

See also Civilismo; Elites

Hijos del Pueblo (election club), 149

Hirschman, Albert O., 208

Historia de las asociaciones obreras (Garrido), 155

Historiography:

of economic ideas, 11 -14, 207 -8;

of Peru, 1 -11, 17 -20, 50 -51, 73 -75, 108 -9, 113 -14, 164 , 203 -5;

social history of, 5 , 17

Hobsbawm, Eric J., 137

Los hombres de bien (Casós), 109 , 139

Huamanga, 196 -98. See Ayacucho

Huancané, 199

Huancavelica, 103 , 196

Huaraz, 185 , 200

Humboldt, Alexander von, 26

Hunt, Shane J., 2 , 108 , 174

Huskisson, William, 28

I

Immigrants, 30 , 34 -35, 90 -91, 93 , 104 -5, 170 -71

Imperialism, of free trade, 50 -52, 190 -92, 202

Importancia de las asociaciones (Vigil), 141

Importancia de la educación popular (Vigil), 141

Imports:

competition in, 31 , 35 , 51 -52, 55 , 59 ;

consumption of, 35 , 38 , 56 , 59 , 69 , 101 , 167 ;

substitution of, 52 , 80 -85, 118 -21, 172 -79

Incas, 194 -95, 198

Indians, 83 -85, 87 , 93 , 95 , 133 , 184 -85, 190 , 193 -96, 198 -202;

as manufacturers, 95 -96, 193 , 194 -96, 201 ;

in national consciousness, 199 -200

Indigenismo , 83 , 185 , 188 , 192 , 193 , 196 -97.

See also Esteves; Sociedad Amiga de los Indios

Industrialism, 18 , 39 , 47 , 52 , 54 -57, 69 , 86 -87, 103 -8, 118 , 126 -27, 186 -87, 189 -95, 200 -202;

campaign (1845-50), 40 -41, 44 -45;

increase of, in 1870s, 167 -69, 175 -76;

and populism, 133 -43;

and state-building, 47 -48;

as utopianism, 193 , 204 , 208.

See also Factories

La industria y el poder (Pérez), 147 -48

Iquique, 101

Italians:

in Lima, 170 -71;

in Italy, 97

J

Jacobin populism, 137 -39, 144 -47, 158 -59

Jarrier, Julio, 151

Jauja, 77 , 79 -80, 82 , 94 , 102 , 124 , 201

Jews, 105 , 188

Johnston, J. Howard, 168

Jovellanos, Gaspar, 24

Julia (L. B. Cisneros), 112

Junín, 79 , 81 , 111 , 131 , 184 , 201 .

See also Jauja

Juntas de Agricultura, 12

K

Keynes, John Maynard, 11 , 208

L

Lampa, 93

Latin America, comparison with, 14 -20, 34 , 46 , 105 , 106 , 209 -10

Lecaros, José, 144

Leguía, Augusto B., 110

Levin, Jonathan, 2

Liberalism, 58 , 61 -63, 72 , 73 , 126 ;

as development formula, 28 -31;

export, 30 -31, 61 ;

social costs of, 59 -61

Liberals, 26 , 28 , 36 , 54 -55, 70 , 72 , 88 ,

114 ;

relations with artisans, 146 -47, 148 -50

Lima:

artisans of, 28 , 32 , 67 -68;

elite culture, 17 , 64 -65;

elites of, 18 -19, 27 , 39 , 55 , 58 -59;

entrepreneurs, 43 -45, 54 -56;

factories, 68 , 167 -71, 178 ;

as initial protectionist zone, 23 -25;

liberalization of, 59 -60;

merchants of, 23 , 27 ;

population, 18 -19, 38 , 67.

See also Fuentes

Limantour, José Yves, 114

Lissón, Carlos, 116 -17, 152 , 184

List, Friedrich, 46 , 123

López Aldana, Carlos, 53 , 154 , 168 , 192 .

See also Vitarte textile mill

López de Romaña, Eduardo, 106

Luddites, 37 , 60 , 160

M

Malinowski, Ernesto, 90 -92, 104 , 105 , 149

Malthus, Thomas, 30

Mantaro Valley, 79

Mariátegui, José Carlos, 192 , 208

Márquez, José Arnaldo, 76 , 105 , 150 , 158 , 160 -63, 165 , 180 .

See also El Trabajo

Martinet, J. B., 193

Marx, Karl:

on railroads, 96

Masías, Felipe, 90 , 143

Meiggs, Henry, 8 , 9 , 90 , 98 , 101 -2, 104 , 105 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 113 , 131 .

See also Railroads

Memorias de hacienda,29 , 62 , 163

Mendiburu, Manuel de, 152

Merchant marine, 126 , 192

Mestizos, 80 , 95 -96, 199

Mexico, 24 , 46 , 50 , 84 , 88 , 101 , 110 , 114 , 206 ;

Banco de Avío, 50

Microindustrialization, of 1870s, 167 -68

Middle class, 32 , 64 , 69 , 141 , 144 , 153 -54, 167 , 172 , 210 ;

as liberal category, 164 , 170 -72.

See also Civilismo

Miles, Tomás, 100

Mill, John Stuart, 29 , 46

Monopoly, 28 , 31 , 47 -48, 49 , 136 , 140 , 152 -53, 178 , 190

Moquegua, 194 , 202

Moreto, Jorge, 43

Museo Nacional, 45

Mutual aid societies, of artisans, 136 , 140 -41, 148 , 154

N

El Nacional (Lima), 152 , 154 , 157 , 158 , 164 , 165

Nationalism:

economic, 9 , 22 , 31 , 44 , 108 , 126 -27, 163 -65, 174 , 176 , 181 , 187 , 204 ;

of artisans, 32 -35, 37 ;

in Casanova, 45 , 47 -48;

of elites, 23 -27, 77 , 84 , 100 , 158

National Company of Guano, 6 , 72 .

See also Hijos del país

Nation-building, 19 , 27 -28, 33 , 37 , 41 , 45 , 91 , 97 , 126

Neocolonialism, 15 -16, 96 , 205

Neoliberalism, 18 , 210

Nitrates, 9 , 74 , 131 , 175

Nystrom, John William, 91 -93, 104 , 107

O

Obrajes, 25 , 39 , 48 , 82 , 92 , 95 , 195 , 200 -201.

See also Factories

Obrero, El (Lima), 154

Osma, Joaquín de la, 55

Outward-oriented growth, of Latin America, 15 , 17 , 73 , 208 -10

P

Pacaisaca, 197

Pacheco, Toribio, 44 , 76 , 90 , 150

Palma, Ricardo, 66 , 76 , 144 , 146

Pan-Americanism, 123 , 138 , 150 -51

Pando, José María, 26

Pardo, Manuel, 6 , 8 , 9 , 66 , 90 -92, 100 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 115 , 119 , 129 , 156 -57, 184 , 187 , 199 ;

and crisis of 1870s, 131 , 134 , 165 -67;

and export economy, 125 -26;

on "practical republic," 73 , 88 ;

and railroads, 71 -89, 96

Pardo y Aliaga, Felipe, 74

Parliamentary Papers, 47

Partido Civil, 9 , 72 -73, 130 , 131 , 156 -57, 196 .

See also Civilismo; Pardo, Manuel

La Paternal Insurance, 71

La Patria (Lima), 77 , 157

Paucarcolla, 194

Paz-Soldán, José Gregorio, 149 , 193

Peel, Sir Robert, 28 , 57

Pérez, Trinidad Manuel, 147 -48, 150

La Perricholi house, 44 , 168

El Perú (Raimondi), 99

El Peruano (Lima), 44

Peruvian Nitrate Company, 113

Pezet, Juan Antonio, 150

Pickering, José, 93 , 104

Piérola, Nicolás de, 72 , 106 , 113 , 114 , 131 , 132 , 142 , 156 , 186 ;

Piérolists, 74 , 181

Pisco, 125

Planters, 25 , 81 , 125 -26, 188

Policy-making cycles, 206 -8

Political economy, 11 -13, 19 , 46 , 54 , 61 -62, 70 -71, 74 , 78 , 86 , 122 -23, 161 , 210 ;

and European influences in Peru, 19 , 24 , 26 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 33 -34, 35 , 46 , 48 , 56 , 70 -71, 74 , 190 , 203

Political instability, 22 , 27 , 30 -31, 36 , 59 , 96 , 128 , 143 .

See also Caudillos

Popular groups, 31 , 59 , 60 -62, 67 , 128 -29, 133 , 158 -60, 163 .

See also Artisans

Populism, 156 -57, 179 -81;

in thinkers, 133 , 144 -47

Positivism, 76 , 88 , 106 , 158 -59, 189 , 191 -94, 196 -97

Potosí, 116

Pradier-Foderé, Paul, 66 , 173 , 177

Prado, Mariano Ignacio, 8 , 72 , 97 , 98 , 113 , 114 , 151 , 181

El principio de libertad (Químper), 140

Productivity:

ideologies of, 77 -79, 85 , 117 , 128 , 160 -63, 173 , 180 -81

El Progreso (Lima), 44

Protectionism, 23 -27, 34 -35, 41 , 48 , 61 , 63 , 82 -83, 119 -25, 129 , 140 , 176 -78;

of artisans, 33 , 43 ;

as early nationalism, 23 -24, 33 ;

of elites, 23 -27;

of guilds, 33 .

See also Tariffs

Proudhon, Pierre Joseph, 138 , 139

La Providencia Bank, 66

Prugue, Emilio, 169 -70, 178

Puno, 42 , 93 , 191 , 194 , 202 ;

Huancané revolt, 135 , 199

Q

Químper, José María, 101 , 140 , 184 , 188 , 192 , 203

Quinine trade, 126 , 191 , 202

R

Rafael contract, 166 , 167

Raimondi, Antonio, 76 , 99 , 104 , 105 , 189 , 193

Railroads, 7 -8, 73 , 74 , 77 , 80 -84, 103 -8, 117 , 183 ;

failures of, 108 -11;

in Pardo, 80 , 83 , 87 -89;

proposal literature, 89 -103

Regionalism, 25 -27, 40 -42, 76 , 78 , 79 -80, 132 -33, 142 , 194 -200, 201 ;

of intellectuals, 196 -99;

and regional development, 93 -104.

See also Carranza, Luis; Esteves, Luis; Pardo, Manuel

Rentier economy, 2 , 53 , 116 -17, 190 , 206

La República (Lima), 149

La república en el Perú (Lissón), 116

La Revista de Lima (Lima), 7 , 8 , 66 , 72 , 73 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 86 , 89 , 90 , 97 , 101 , 112 , 113 , 139 , 146 , 147 , 160

Ricardo, David, 11 , 30 , 161 , 162

Rivero, Mariano Eduardo de, 81 , 105

Rosell, Eugenio, 43

Rostow, W. W., 96

Ruiz Gallo, Pedro, 105 , 160

S

Saint-Simon, Claude Henri, 74 , 78 , 85 , 128 , 135 , 190

Salazar y Zapata, Mariano, 141 , 144

Salcedo, Juan José, 62 , 63

Saña, 86 -87, 125

San Carlos Academy, 65 , 74

San Marcos University, 65 , 149 , 158 , 184

San Román, Miguel, 147

Santiago, José de, 43

Sanz, José, 145

Sarmiento, Domingo F., 151

Sarratea, José de, 43 , 68

Say, Jean Baptiste, 24 , 28 , 46 , 56 , 74

Science, 100 , 104 -7.

See also Education; Technology

Silva Santisteban, José, 56 , 57 , 62 , 66 , 70 , 102 , 124 , 135 , 136 , 138 , 143 , 144 , 146

Sismondi, Jean Charles Simonde, 46 , 172 , 173 , 179

Smith, Adam, 11 , 24 , 46 , 56 , 123

Social question, of Lima, 59 -61, 67 -68, 76 , 117 , 128 , 134 -35, 195 , 204

Sociedad Amiga de las Artes, 136

Sociedad Amiga de los Indios, 195 , 196 , 199

Sociedad de Artesanos Auxilios Mutuos, 136

Sociedad de Igualdad, 137

Sociedad Democrática de Callao, 136

Sociedad Fraternal de Artesanos, 154

Sociedad Nacional de Agricultura, 65 , 126

Sociedad Nacional de Industrias, 186

Spanish-Peruvian conflict (1863-66), 124 , 131 , 142 , 150 -51

State:

autonomy of, 124 -25, 207 ;

and development, 28 , 30 , 31 , 45 , 48 ;

state-building, 27 -28, 97 , 123 -25, 207 ;

statism, 164 -65, 172 , 177 , 181 .

See also Nation-building

Sully, Duc de, 86

Suzanne, P. H., 24

T

Tacna, 101

Talambo, 131

Tarapacá, 101

Tariffs, 44 , 48 -49, 53 -54, 82 -83, 120 , 122 , 140 , 157 , 162 , 169 , 176 -77, 186 ;

for guilds, 34 -35;

politics of, 34 -36, 54 -56;

struggles of 1849-52, 35 -37, 54 -55, 134 .

See also Protectionism

Távara, Santiago, 26

Technology, 103 -7;

fascination with, 30 , 34 , 42 , 44 , 47 , 92 -94, 96 , 147 ;

and foreign técnicos , 103 -5;

as people's science, 152 -63

Tejeda, José Simeón, 70 , 135 -36, 150

Terry, Jacinto, 78 , 193 , 195 , 200 , 201

El Trabajo (Lima), 160 -63

Tradiciones peruanas (Palma), 66

Traditional modernizers, 8 , 73 , 141

Los Tres Amigos mill, 43 , 49 , 52 , 68 , 168

Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, 26

Turner, Clorinda Matto de, 185

U

Ugarte, Cesar Antonio, 189

Ulloa, José Casimiro, 63 , 77 , 138 , 139 , 146 , 150 , 157

Unánue, Hipólito, 105

Unión Nacional Party, 185

United States, 43 , 46 , 51 , 77 , 78 , 85 , 111 , 124 , 125 , 160 , 162

Ureta, Manuel, 132 , 149

Utopianism:

in developmental discourse, 50 , 83 , 104 , 111 , 176 -77, 202 , 208 ;

and free-traders, 135 -41;

industrialism, 50 , 193 , 204

V

Velasco regime (of 1968), 98 , 206

Vent for surplus, 29 , 83

Vidaurre, Manuel de, 26

Vigil, Francisco de Paula González, 140 , 141 , 146

Villota, Alejandro, 43

Vitarte textile mill, 53 , 154 , 183 , 192

W

War of the Pacific (1879), 3 , 9 , 110 , 11 , 113 , 132 , 151 , 160 , 181 , 188 , 191 , 205 ;

consequences of, 182 -87

Working class, politics of 1870s, 72 , 148 , 154 -56, 179 , 185

Z

La Zamacueca Política (Lima), 63 , 66 , 75 , 144 -47, 160 , 179

Zulén, Pedro S. and Dora Mayer de, 185