Preferred Citation: Caplan, Eric. Mind Games: American Culture and the Birth of Psychotherapy. Berkeley, Calif:  University of California Press,  c1998 1998. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft7g5007w4/


 


237

Index

A

Achorn, John Warren, 204 n. 94

Ackerknecht, Erwin, 171 -72n. 40

Ahlstrom, Sydney, 64

Albanese, Catherine, 64

Americans, and neurasthenia, 38 -39

Anderson, Ola, 23

Angell, James R., 145 , 204 n. 94

animal magnetism, 67

Arena , 83

Arens, Edward J., 76 , 184 n. 100

association theory, 100 , 101 -2

Avenarius, Richard, 196 n. 102

Ayer, Joseph Cullen, 204 n. 94

B

Bain, Alexander, 100

Baker, Ray Stannard, 118

Bangor Jeffersonian , 68

Banner of Light , 74

Barker, Lewellys F., 95 , 96 -97, 126

Batten, Loring W., 124 , 136 -37, 204 n. 94

Beard, George Miller: on neurasthenia, 14 , 23 , 37 -42, 45 , 47 , 49

on Spiritualism, 187 n. 154

on treatments, 51 , 52 , 55 , 56 , 93 -94

Bell, Clark, 30 -31

Benson, Allan L., 129

Berkeley, George, 70 , 71

Bernheim, Hippolyte, 32 , 33 , 34 , 80

Bevan, I. W., 204 n. 94

Biller, J. G., 51

Bishop, Francis, 52 -53

Bishop, Louis Faugeres, 41

Bliss, M.A., 204 n. 94

Boerhaave, Herman, 183 n. 76

Bok, Edward, 135

Booth, David, 33

Boston Evening Transcript , 85

Boston Herald , 140

Boston Journal , 202 n. 45

Boston Medical and Surgical Journal , 140 -41

Boston Transcript , 202 n. 45

brain, and somatic paradigm, 90 -93

Bramwell, J. M., 204 n. 94

Breuer, Joseph, 11

Broca, Paul, 92

Bromberg, Walter, 58

Brooklyn Eagle , 124

Brower, Daniel, 48 , 53

Brown, Charles R., 144 -45

Brown, T. L., 84 , 96

Bruce, H. Addington, 105 , 118 , 130 , 148

Buckley, James Monroe, 78 , 143 -44

Burford, Hugh, 27

Burkmar, Lucius, 67

Burnham, John C., 157 n. 29

Bush, George, 67

Buzzard, Thomas, 159 n. 11


238

C

Cabot, Richard C.: as contributor to Psychotherapy , 204 n. 94

on Emmanuel movement, 121 , 122 , 126 , 127 -28, 141 -42

on medical profession, 4 , 65

Call, Annie Payson, 39

Camps, William, 159 n. 11

Carpenter, William B., 91 , 99 , 101

Castel, Françoise, 154 -55n. 15

Castel, Robert, 154 -55n. 15

Catalin, A. W., 138

Charcot, Jean-Martin, 20 -25, 33 , 34 , 101

Cheyne, George, 170 n. 13

Christian Metaphysics, 124

The Christian Religion as a Healing Power (Worcester and McComb), 146 -47

Christian Science, 75 -76, 78 -83, 130

Church, Archibald, 51 , 59

Church and Medical Union, 129

Clark, Edwin, 91

class, and illness, 15 -16, 38 -39

Cleaves, Margaret, 53

clerical profession: and Emmanuel movement, 118 -19, 132 -33, 143 -45, 147

healing authority of, 140 -42

Coleville, W. J., 81

Collins, Joseph, 115 -16, 137 -38

Collyer, Robert, 66

Coriat, Isador: and Emmanuel movement, 121 , 126 , 130 , 137

on psychotherapy, 98 , 204 n. 94

Cowles, Edward, 38 , 45 , 192 n. 52

Cross, Whitney, 66

culture, and neurasthenia, 38 -40

Current Literature , 130

D

Dana, Charles: on Erichsen, 13

on psychotherapy, 115 , 131 -32, 133 -34

on railway spine, 20 , 25

Davis, Andrew Jackson, 66 -67

Dercum, Francis X., 24 -25, 115 , 133

Detroit News , 202 n. 45

Dewey, Richard, 63

diet, as therapy, 49 -52

doctor-patient relationship, 43 -45, 68 , 103

doctors, 45 , 103

See also medical profession

Donley, John E., 204 n. 94

Dowbiggin, Ian, 155 n. 15

Dowse, Thomas Stretch, 41 , 51 -52

Drake, Daniel, 181 n. 26

Dresser, Annetta, 68

Dresser, Horatio, 65 , 70 , 84 , 178 -79n. 7

Dresser, Julius, 76 , 79

Drinka, George Frederick, 5

Dubois, Paul, 153 n. 2, 204 n. 94

Duchenne, Guillaume, 52

E

Eastman, Max, 204 n. 94

Eddy, Mary Baker, 69 , 73 -76, 77 , 80

Edes, Robert T., 50 -51, 63 , 87 , 141

education, 99 -100

electrotherapy, 52 -54

Ellenberger, Henri, 172 n. 41

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 66

Emmanuel movement: controversy over, 136 -43

development of, 120 -25

and medical profession, 116 , 149

opposition to, 131 -36, 143 -45, 145 -46

promotion of, 125 -31, 146 -48

support for, 118 -20, 121 -22

Emmanuel Year Book , 128

Erichsen, John Eric, 13 -17, 25 , 28 , 35 -36

Essay Concerning Human Understanding (Locke), 71

Evans, Warren Felt, 69 -73, 76 , 81

F

Fallows, Samuel, 124 , 136 , 204 n. 94

Farrar, Clarence B., 132

Fechner, Gustav Theodor, 121

Feinstein, Howard, 193 n. 55

Fisher, John C., 148

Fisher, T. W., 43

Foster, J. P. C., 55

Fowler, B. J., 81 , 85

Freud, Sigmund: and psychoanalysis, 150 -51

and psychotherapy, 8 , 11 , 143 , 204 n. 94

and somatic paradigm, 162 -63n. 52, 163 n. 57

fright, 18 , 23

Fritsch, Gustav Theodor, 91 -92

G

Gage, Homer, 148

Galt, John, 175 n. 108

Garrison, William Lloyd, 85

Geer, Curtis Manning, 204 n. 94

gender: and hysteria, 15 , 24

and mind cure movement, 75 -76, 123

and neurasthenia, 39 -40

and railway spine, 15

and rest cure, 57 , 58 , 59

germ theory, 38 , 84

Gerrish, Frederick H., 142


239

Gifford, George, 192 n. 52

Goddard, Henry H., 87

Goldstein, Jan, 161 n. 47

Goldthwait, Joel E., 121 , 141 -42

Goodhart, S.P., 105

Good Housekeeping , 123 , 126 -27, 137

Gordon, George A., 144

Gosling, Francis, 153 -54n. 3

Gottschalk, Stephen, 185 n. 121

Gowers, W.R., 41 -42

Graham, Sylvester, 73

Gratz, W.E.J., 124 -25

Gray, John P., 92 , 111 , 189 -90n. 11

Gray, Landon Carter, 24 , 60

Greene, J.S., 32 , 38 , 55

Greene, John Gardner, 122

Grimes, J. Stanley, 66

Grob, Gerald N., 94 , 175 -76n. 118, 189 n. 3

Grover, I.D., 125

H

habit, 99 -100, 103 , 113

Halbert, H.V., 59

Hale, Nathan G., Jr., 5 , 101 , 103 -4, 152 , 179 n. 8

Hall, Eliza Calvert, 84

Hall, G. Stanley, 98

Hall, Herbert J., 59

Hall, Marshall, 90 -91

Hallock, Frank K., 204 n. 94

Hamilton, Allan McClane, 142

Hammond, William Alexander, 94 , 187 n. 154

Harnden, R. S., 33

Harper's Bazaar , 127

Hart, Rollin Lynde, 127

Hartford, W. F., 64

Hartley, David, 71

Hasbroucke, Joseph L., 80

Hawkins, Chauncey, 143

healers, 81

See also doctors

Health and Happiness; or Religious Therapeutics (Fallows), 124

heredity, 21 , 23 , 33 , 34

Hillman, Robert G., 163 n. 55

Hinckle, Beatrice, 204 n. 94

Hitzig, Eduard, 91 -92

Hodge, C.F., 50

Hodges, Richard Manning, 17

holistic medical paradigm, 6

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 101

Holmes, Stewart W., 62

Hotchkiss, J. Elizabeth, 81

Hubbard, George Henry, 144

Huber, Richard M., 178 n. 6

Hudson, Thomas Jay, 82 -83

Hughes, C.P., 41

Hughs, C.H., 169 n. 3

Hume, David, 71

Hutchinson, William F., 46

hydrotherapy, 47 -49

hypnotism, 21

hysteria: definitions of, 20 , 23 -24

as symptom of railway spine, 15 , 20 -22

I

Ideal Suggestion Through Mental Photography (Wood), 81 -82

illness, theories of

See psychophysical parallelism; somatic paradigm

individualized therapeutics

See patientcentered therapeutics

industrialization, protest against, 26 -27, 30 , 64

insanity, as physical disease, 92

J

Jackson, John Hughlings, 91

Jacyna, L.S., 91

James, William: and development of psychotherapy, 98 -100, 204 n. 92

and Emmanuel movement, 121

on licensure laws, 85 -87

and mind cure movement, 10 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 108

Janet, Pierre, 71 , 114

Jastrow, Joseph, 204 n. 94

Jay, Milton, 29

Jelliffe, Smith Ely, 114 , 116

Jewell, J. S., 40

Johnson, Anna Hayward, 45 , 173 -74n. 72

Johnson, J. Edgar, 143

Johnson, John G., 16

Jones, Ernest, 142 -43, 204 n. 94

Jordan, Thomas Furneaux, 17

K

Keim, Theodore, 121

King, William Harvey, 44 , 60

Knapp, Philip Commbs, 24 , 42 , 133

Koch, Robert, 7 , 92

Korybut-Daszkiewica, Podia, 50

Kuhn, Thomas, 5

Kuklick, Bruce, 195 n. 100

L

labor unrest, and railway spine litigation, 27


240

Ladies Home Journal , 135

Laqueur, Thomas, 170 -71n. 23

The Law of Mental Medicine (Hudson), 82

Lawrence, William, 121 -22

The Laws of Psychic Phenomena (Hudson), 82

Lears, T. Jackson, 40

Leavitt, Sheldon, 95

Leonard, William J., 69

lesion theory, 23 -24, 107 , 112 -13

Levin, Kenneth, 177 n. 144

Leys, Ruth, 98 , 107 , 196 nn. 102, 104 , 197 n. 116

licensure laws, 84 -86

Licht, Walter, 12

litigation: against Christian Science, 78

over railway spine, 16 , 17 , 24 -30

Locke, John, 71

Lovell, Anne, 154 -55n. 15

M

MacDonald, Robert, 124

Mach, Ernst, 196 n. 102

Mackenzie, John Holland, 101

Mackie, Laura, 84

male hysteria, 21 -22, 24

See also hysteria

Malone, Web, 165 -66n. 98

Mamaugh, Shelby, 81 , 83

Marquis, Samuel S., 129

Marshall, Henry Rutgers, 138 -39, 145 -46

Maudsley, Henry, 187 n. 154

Maulitz, Russell C., 172 n. 43

McClain, W.A., 38 , 43

McComb, Samuel: defense of Emmanuel movement by, 140 , 146 -48

and development of Emmanuel movement, 119 -20, 121 , 122 , 123

exclusion from Psychotherapy of, 135

promotion of Emmanuel movement by, 125 -26, 128 -30, 137

McGrew, Frederick A., 59

medical profession: attitudes toward mental healing and psychotherapy of, 3 -7, 83 -88, 93 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 108 -9, 114 -15, 147 , 148 , 149 -50

contribution to mental medicine of, 82 -83

effect of hysteria theories on, 23

and Emmanuel movement, 118 -19, 131 -36, 137 -38, 141 -43, 147

and mind cure movement, 62 -65

and somatic paradigm, 89 -90, 94

and treatment of illness, 54 -55, 107

medication, for neurasthenia, 54 -55

Mental Science University (Chicago), 76 -77

mental therapeutics: Eddy's theories of, 73 , 74 -76

and Emmanuel movement, 119

Evans' theories of, 70 -73

and medical profession, 3 -7, 83 -88, 93 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 108 -9, 114 -15, 147 , 148 , 149 -50

Mesmer, Franz Anton, 172 n. 41

mesmerism, 66 -67

Metaphysical College, 75

Metaphysical Magazine , 83

Meyer, Adolf, 98 , 104 -13, 133

Meyer, Donald, 40 , 64 -65

Micale, Mark S., 21 , 160 n. 19, 164 nn. 63, 71 , 74

Mill, James, 183 n. 69

Miller, Dickinson S., 138 -39, 145 , 204 n. 94

Miller, W.B., 54

Mills, Charles K., 132 -33

Mind Cure and Science of Life Magazine , 76 -78

mind cure movement: and the medical profession, 62 -65, 83 -88

origins of, 65 -68

prominent figures in, 69 -76

specific movements of, 78 -83

spread of, 76 -78

Mind Cure Publishing Association, 76

Mink, Arthur E., 59

Minor, Charles L., 120 -21

Mitchell, John K., 115 , 143

Mitchell, S. Weir, 3 , 56 -60, 120 , 133 , 189 n. 2

moral therapy, 8

Morantz-Sanchez, Regina, 58

Morton, Thomas G., 26

Moyer, Harold N., 26 , 48 , 56

Mumford, James G., 121 , 141 -42

Münsterberg, Hugo, 4 , 145 -46, 192 n. 52

Myers, Gerald, 193 n. 55

N

National Association of Railway Surgeons (NARS), 29 -31

See also railway surgeons

National Association of Railway Surgeons Journal , 29

neurasthenia: and railway spine, 14 , 36

theories of, 37 -42

treatment of, 43 -60

neurology, 20 , 41 , 42 , 90 , 97 , 104


241

neuromimesis, 18 -19

New Jersey Herald , 141

New Rationalism, 43

New Theory of Vision (Berkeley), 71

New Thought, 79 -83

New York Medical Journal , 139

New York Medical Record , 139

nutrition See diet

O

Old Dominion Journal of Medicine and Surgery , 142

Oppenheim, Hermann, 24

Outten, Warren Bell, 32 -33, 35 , 68

P

Page, Herbert W., 17 -21, 22 , 25

Paget, James B., 18

Parker, Gail Thain, 64 -65

Parker, George L., 143

Parker, W.B., 135 -36

Parson, John E., Esq., 31

patient-centered therapeutics, 40 -44

Patterson, Charles Brodie, 79

Patterson, Christopher Stuart, 27

Patterson, H. C., 48 , 56 , 59

Peele, Robert E., 124

Perry, Ralph Barton, 195 n. 100

Pershing, Howell T., 43

Peterson, Frederick, 115 , 204 n. 94

populism, and railway spine litigation, 26 -27

Porter, Roy, 157 n. 27, 170 n. 13

Posner, Richard A., 166 nn. 99, 101

Powell, Lyman, 136 , 204 n. 94

Poyen, Charles, 66

Pratt, Joseph Hersey, 120 -21, 141 -42

Prince, Morton: and mental healing, 45 , 98 , 100 -103, 116

on railway spine, 13

on rest cure, 58 -59

Principles of Psychology (James), 98

Pritchard, William Broaddus, 43 , 44 , 59

protest, mind cure movement as, 64 -65

psychiatry, 42 , 97 , 104 , 111

Psychic Treatment of Nervous Disorder (Dubois), 114

psychoanalysis, 150 -52

psychogenesis, 20 , 112

psychology, 98 , 145 -46

psychophysical parallelism, 3 -4, 6 -7, 91 -92

psychosomatic paradigm, 17 -19

psychotherapy: definitions of, 2

factors affecting emergence of, 12 , 35 , 60

limited acceptance of, 3 -6, 113 -16

and medical profession, 98 -113, 131 -34, 141 , 148 , 149 -50

promotion of, 128 , 130 , 135 -36

and psychoanalysis, 151

See also mental therapeutics

Psychotherapy (journal), 135 -36

Psychotherapy (Münsterberg), 146

public, interest in psychotherapy among, 114 -15, 119 , 150 -51

Punton, John, 26 , 35 , 44

Purrington, William A., 79

Putnam, James Jackson: and Emmanuel movement, 116 , 117 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 126 , 134 -35, 140 , 146

on mental therapeutics, 87 , 94 , 98 , 103 -4, 198 n. 141

on railway spine, 20

on somatic therapies, 44 , 48 , 54

support of psychotherapy by, 133 , 142

Q

Quackenbos, John T., 51 , 58

Quetel, Claude, 93

Quimby, Phineus Parkhurst, 65 -68, 69 -70, 73 -74

R

Rabinbach, Anson, 170 n. 16

railway spine: effect of suggestion on, 32 -35

litigation over, 24 -31

theories of, 12 -26

railway surgeons, 12 , 26 -31, 33 -35

Ransom, G. Manley, 48

Reed, R. Harvey, 29

reflexion, 90 -91

religion: and Emmanuel movement, 118 , 119 , 121 , 124 , 127

mind cure as, 64

and psychotherapy, 136

See also clerical profession

Religion and Medicine (Worcester, McComb, and Coriat), 125 , 129 -31

Renan, Ernest, 121

Representative Men (Emerson), 66

rest cure, 34 -35, 55 -60

Reuben, L., 47

Richet, Charles, 163 n. 55

Robinson, W.F., 53 -54

Rockwell, Alphonse David, 41 , 46 , 49 , 52 , 53

Root, Julia Anderson, 69 , 81

Rosenberg, Charles E., 6 , 171 -72n. 40

Ross, George, 33 -34

Royce, Josiah, 192 n. 52, 204 n. 94

S

Sachs, Bernard, 48 , 96 , 115 , 133

Savage, John P., 41


242

Schneck, Jerome M., 163 n. 55

Schwartz, Gary Y., 165 n. 98, 166 nn. 99, 101

science: and Emmanuel movement, 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 127

and mental healing, 62 , 81

theories of, 98 -99, 106

Science and Health , 74 , 77

Science of Health from the Viewpoint of the Newest Christian Thought (Fallows and Fallows), 124

Seguin, Edward C., 56

Sharpe, H. C., 40

Shields, Albert B., 124 , 136 , 204 n. 94

shock, 17 -18

Shorter, Edward, 21 , 170 n. 22

Sicherman, Barbara, 153 n. 2

Sidis, Boris, 98 , 104 -5

Simpson, Frederick T., 204 n. 94

Sinkler, Wharton, 48 -49

Smith, Henry Hollingsworth, 27

Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll, 15 , 171 n. 26

Solis, Jeanne Cady, 44 , 48

somatic paradigm: and medical profession, 89 -90, 94 , 98 -113, 133

and mental therapeutics, 45 , 62 , 63 , 95 -97

and neurasthenia, 37 -38

popularity of, 3 -8, 46 , 47 , 113 -16

and railway spine, 12 -17, 21 -24, 30

research in support of, 90 -93

therapies following, 45 , 46 , 47 -60

Southard, E.E., 204 n. 94

"specific disease" concept, 43

spinal concussion

See railway spine

Spiritualism, 66 , 67 , 187 n. 154

Spitzka, Edward, 25

Star, Susan Leigh, 173 n. 69

Starr, Moses Allan, 51 , 138

Studies on Hysteria (Freud and Breuer), 11

suggestive therapeutics, 32 -35, 68 , 80 -83, 87 , 138

Suggestive Therapeutics (Bernheim), 81

Sulloway, Frank J., 163 n. 56

Swarts, A.J., 76 -78

Swarts, Katie, 185 n. 114

Swearingen, R.M., 35

Swedenborg, Emanuel, 66

Swedenborgianism, 66 -67

Syme, James, 28

sympathy, and healing, 72

T

Talks to Teachers (James), 99

Taylor, Edward Wylis, 114 -15, 142

Taylor, Eugene, 98

Thomas, John Jenks, 141

Thomsen, R., 24

Titchener, Edward Bradford, 109

traumatic hysteria, 21 -23, 24

traumatic neuroses, 11 -12, 32 -34, 34

See also railway spine

A Treatise Concerning the Principle of Human Knowledge (Berkeley), 71

Trimble, Michael R., 160 n. 18

tuberculosis, treatment programs for, 120 -21

Tuckey, Charles Lloyd, 204 n. 94

Tuke, Daniel Hack, 93 , 164 n. 70

V

Van Deusen, E.H., 37 , 55

von Harnack, Adolf, 121

W

Wallace, D.R., 16 , 27

Walton, George L., 20 , 115

Warner, John Harley, 172 n. 45

Waterman, George A., 192 n. 52

Wells, David, 3

Westphal, Carl F., 24

Whipple, Leander Edmund, 79

White, Ellen, 184 n. 88

White, William Alanson, 114 , 116

Wilbur, H.B., 189 -90n. 11

Wise, P.M., 97

Witmer, Lightner, 145

Wood, Ann Douglas, 177 n. 144

Wood, Henry, 79 -80, 81 -82, 83 , 85

Woodbury, Josephine Curtis, 80

Woodworth, R. S., 204 n. 94

Worcester, Elwood: declining support for, 134 , 135 -36

defense of Emmanuel movement by, 140 , 146 -48

and development of Emmanuel movement, 119 -23

promotion of Emmanuel movement by, 125 -26, 128 -31, 135 , 137

World's Work , 127

Wundt, Wilhelm, 121

Y

Young, Robert, 190 n. 15

Z

Zilboorg, Gregory, 189 n. 8, 190 n. 18


 

Preferred Citation: Caplan, Eric. Mind Games: American Culture and the Birth of Psychotherapy. Berkeley, Calif:  University of California Press,  c1998 1998. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft7g5007w4/