Index
A
A Speech against the Bishops , 140 , 141 , 144
Aðalbjarnarson, Bjarni. 35
Abélard, Pierre, 178 , 189
Adalbert, Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen, 178 , 179
Adam of Bremen, 10 , 178
Advocacy, 76
Agder, 43
Ágrip , 16 , 45 , 47 , 235
Álfhildr, mother of Magnús góði, 117 , 223
Álfífa, Danish Queen, 84 , 140 , 208 , 214
Allegory, 228
Alþingi , 12 , 98
Amory, Frederic, 58 , 188
Andersen, Per Sveaas, 112
Andersson, Theodore, 47 , 58 , 208
Anger, 169 , 172
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 10
Annales school, 3 , 4 , 58
Aquinas, Thomas, 207 , 226
Archambault, Paul, 177
Archbishopric of Nidaros, 51 , 142
Ari fróði, 15 , 20 , 25 -28, 32
Ariès, Philippe, 177
Aristocracy, 64 , 94 , 119 ;
character of, 195 , 237 , 241 ;
culture of, 245 ;
definition of, 124 -126, 128 , 129 , 134 ;
and European and Nordic, 146 , 246 , 247 ;
hereditary, 124 , 126 , 127 ;
importance of, 129 ;
and people, 173 , 236 .
See also Magnates
Aristotle, 58 , 207 , 244
Ármaðr , 41 , 68 , 69 , 117 , 133 , 168 ;
position of, 133
Armstrong, A. H., 175
Árnasons, 69 , 80 , 88 , 155 , 159 , 168
Asbjorn[*] from Medalhus, 106 -108, 138 , 205
Asbjorn selsbani, 15 , 40 -42, 52 , 66 -69, 77 , 79 , 80 , 113 , 116 , 117 , 119 , 135 -137, 167 , 202 , 203
Áslákr fitjaskalli, 79 , 89 , 114 , 115 , 119 , 125 , 167
Ásmundr Grankellsson, 69 , 80 , 89 , 114 , 126 , 127 , 134 , 136 , 159
Ástríðr, Óláfr Tryggvason's mother, 53
Ástríðr, Óláfr Tryggvason's sister, 125 , 128
Ástríðr, Queen, married to St. Óláfr, 39 , 101 -103, 117
Astrology, 218 , 219
Auerbach, Erich, 242
Augustine, 176
Augustus, 199
Author, role of in narrative, 16 -18, 61 -63
Authorship, concept of, 7 , 24 , 25 , 30 , 31 , 57 , 59 , 60 , 64 , 201 , 233
Avaldsnes, 68 , 133 , 202 , 205
B
Baetke, Walter, 219 , 220
Bagge, Sverre, 65 , 94 , 115 , 129 -132, 135 , 142 , 156 , 196 , 207 , 236 , 238 , 240 , 246
Bailey, F. G., 4 , 146 , 173 , 188 , 250
Baltic, 35 , 98 , 108 , 181 , 205
Bandle, Oscar, 77 , 203
Barth, Fredrik, 76 , 173
Beauty:
importance of, 147 , 148 , 152 , 160 ;
Snorri's ideal of, 147 , 148 , 152 .
See also Virtues
Benton, John E., 163 , 178
Bergen, 33 , 34 , 51 , 94 , 113 , 117
Bergljót, Einarr þambarskelfir's wife, 73
Bernheim, Ernst, 3
Bersoglisvisur[*] , 47 , 107 , 108 , 188
Beumann, Helmut, 3 , 177
Beyschlag, Siegfried, 192
Bible, 242
Bildungsroman , 181 , 186
Biography, as genre, 50 , 177 , 181 , 182 , 185 -187, 189
Birchlegs, 10 , 93
Bjarkøy, 40 , 68
Bjarmaland , 151
Bjarmar (Permians), 215
Bjorn[*] , ármaðr, 133
Bjorn[*] stallari, 154 , 155 , 213
Bloch, Marc, 75
Blom, Grethe Authén, 132
Body:
attitude to, 163 , 169 ;
human, as image of society, 140 , 141 .
See also Manners; Self-control and spontaneity
Bøe, Arne, 124
Boethius, 218
Børtnes, Jostein, 176
Boglungasogur[*] , 237
Bohuslän, 88 , 158 , 205
Bóndi , 123 , 124 , 127 , 138 , 216 .
See Also Utíginn maðr
Bookprose theory, 18 , 24
Borg, 38
Borgarfjörður, 12
Bourdieu, Pierre, 163
Brandt, William J., 3 , 14 , 164 , 177 , 225 , 226 , 228
Brunner, Otto, 75
Brúsi, Earl of the Orkneys, 180
Brynjólfr úlfaldi, 88 , 204
Bulgaria, 213
Bull, Edward 10, 115 , 208 , 225
Bureaucracy, 133 -135, 144 .
See also Government; Office
Búrizláfr, King of Wendland, 101
Bynum, Caroline W., 178
Byock, Jesse, 76 , 133 , 238
Byzantium, 29 , 47 , 53 , 171 , 212
C
Calendar: Christian, 35 ;
Roman, 35
Canonization, 138
Celts, 225
Chance, concept of, 218 , 222 , 225 .
See also Luck
Character. See Personality
Characterization, 62 , 74 , 98 , 108 , 109 , 126 , 132 , 146 , 153
Charisma, 92 , 95 , 98 , 99 , 107 , 125 -128, 137 , 148
Charismatic kingship, 129 , 131 , 220 .
See also Luck; Monarchy
Charlemagne, 177 , 223 , 242
Charles the Good, Count of Flanders, 66 , 243
Chenu, Marie-Dominic, 193
Chivalry, 4 , 93 , 154 , 158 , 162 , 163 , 165 , 166 , 168 , 173 , 249
Chrétien de Troyes, 164
Christianization, 8 , 19 , 37 -41, 44 -47, 66 , 75 , 83 , 88 , 89 , 99 , 105 -108, 110 , 120 , 125 , 139 , 158 , 160 , 169 , 183 , 185 , 194 , 198 , 199 , 205 , 209 -212, 215 , 217 , 221 , 232
Chronology, 42 -44, 46 , 48 , 50 -57, 60 , 198 -201, 243
Chronology:
absolute, 49 , 51 , 55 , 57 , 200 , 233 ;
relative, 43 , 44 , 49 , 51 , 233 , 236
Ciklamini, Marlene, 2
Civil wars, Norwegian, 8 , 43 , 48 , 75 , 81 , 85 , 93 , 95 , 97 , 99 , 105 , 116 , 120 , 127 , 130 , 134 , 137 , 142 , 195 -197, 204 , 235 , 237 , 238
Civilizing process, 4 , 161 , 162 , 164 , 168 -170, 172 , 173 , 190 .
See also Manners; Self-control and spontaneity
Clan, 112 , 116 , 119 , 125 , 126
Class, 65 , 111 , 121 , 195
Clausewitz, Karl von, 76
Clover, Carol, 2 , 15 , 18 , 24 , 42 , 61
Clunies Ross, Margaret, 13
Cnut the Great, 8 , 36 -38, 41 , 42 , 68 , 69 , 71 , 78 , 80 , 84 , 86 , 88 , 89 , 94 , 95 , 98 , 99 , 102 , 103 , 137 , 143 , 156 , 159 , 189 , 205 , 214 , 236
Cobban, Alan B., 245
Collingwood, R. G., 30 , 32 , 58
Compensation (for killing etc.), 68 , 81 , 82 , 112 -114, 117 , 142 , 165 .
See also Revenge
Concubine, 43 , 87 , 120 , 125 .
See also Marriage; Sexual relationships
Confessiones , 176
Constantinople, 107 , 149 , 163
Constitutional questions, 67 , 70 -72, 74 , 75 , 100 , 106 -111, 135 , 140 -142, 197 , 205 , 236
Copenhagen, 11
Court, as literary milieu, 14 , 143 , 242
Courtier, ideal of, 151 , 161 , 162
Cruelty, 161 , 162
Crusade, 107
Culture:
European and Old Norse, 2 , 15 , 240 -247;
Italian and Old Norse, 245 -247, 249 , 250 ;
of laity, 242 , 245 , 251 ;
oral and literary, 24 , 247 ;
rhetorical, 244 , 246 , 247 , 251 .
See also Rhetoric
Cyclical concept of history, 197 .
See also Linear concept
D
Dahl, Ottar, 65
Dala-Guðbrandr, 40 , 89 , 106
David, 91
Denmark, 8 -10, 18 , 33 , 36 , 37 , 40 , 45 -48, 54 , 71 , 73 , 74 , 80 , 83 -85, 88 , 97 , 95 , 99 -104, 137 , 138 , 143 , 171 , 179 , 189 , 199 , 205 , 207 , 212 , 214 , 236 , 246
Dideric of Bern, 242
Dino Compagni, 243
Diplomacy, 37 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 92 , 97 , 100 , 104 , 159 , 161
Divine intervention, 16 , 91 , 106 , 193 , 198 , 212 -214, 217 , 218 , 221 , 222 , 226 , 229 -231, 233 , 243 , 249 .
See also Supernatural phenomena
Douglas, Mary, 172 , 222 , 225
Dream, 43 , 44 , 183 -185, 189 , 195 , 196 , 211 , 213 , 214 , 217 , 219 , 220
Drinking party, 147 , 169 , 202 -204
Duby, Georges, 3 , 119 , 120 , 163
E
Eadmer, 178
Earl, 18 , 60 , 65 , 67 , 72 , 74 , 78 , 83 -85, 88 , 90 , 96 , 104 , 115 , 116 , 119 , 120 , 124 , 127 , 128 , 133 , 134 , 141 , 147
Eastern Norway, 36 , 37 , 39 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 70 , 82 , 89 , 121 , 195 , 222
Edda, the Elder , 219
Edda, the Younger (by Snorri), 13 , 198 , 199 , 243
Edward the Confessor, 86 , 97
Egge, 40
Egill ullserkr, 205
Egils saga Skallagrímssonar , 14 , 43 , 44
Ehlers, Joachim, 193
Einarr þambarskelfir, 71 -73, 75 , 78 , 79 , 84 , 88 , 90 , 91 , 99 , 100 , 113 -115, 120 , 123 , 127 , 128 , 134 , 137 -139, 143 , 152 , 154 , 157 , 167 , 189 , 196 , 208 , 214 , 234 , 236
Einarr, Earl of the Orkneys, 180
Einarr Eyjólfsson at 
98 , 137 , 138
Einarr Rognvaldsson[*] , 126
Einarr Skúlason, 210
Einarsdóttir, Óláfia, 33 , 35 , 37
Eindriði, 73 , 113 , 114
Einhard, 177
Eiríkr blóðøx, King, 44 , 75 , 85 , 87 , 108 , 113 , 157 , 215 , 235
Eiríkr Hákonarson, Earl of Lade, 35 , 46 , 53 , 101 , 102 , 104 , 105 , 120 , 128 , 167
Eiríkr Oddsson, 17 , 20 , 28
Eiríkssons, 44 -46, 53 , 54 , 82 , 83 , 85 , 87 , 93 , 99 , 116 -119, 139 , 157 , 158 , 181 , 205 , 224 , 234
Elias, Norbert, 4 , 146 , 161 -163, 168 -170, 190 , 191
Ellehøj, Svend, 15 , 28
Elogium, 146 , 153 , 179 , 182
Embætti. See Office
England, 8 , 35 , 42 , 47 , 54 , 69 , 80 , 84 , 86 , 90 , 97 , 102 , 212 , 217 , 219 , 226 , 227
Epilogus , 146
Erec et Enide , 164
Ergi (shame, perversity), 215
Erlingr Eiríksson, King, 83 , 158
Erlingr Ormsson skakki, 9 , 34 , 52 , 86 , 93 , 94 , 97 , 100 , 103 , 104 , 107 , 113 , 116 , 117 , 122 , 132 , 139 , 142 , 144 , 145 , 147 , 152 -154, 166 , 171 , 188 , 197 , 216 , 217
Erlingr Skjálgsson, 37 , 38 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 52 , 62 , 68 , 69 , 71 , 72 , 75 , 78 -80, 89 , 90 , 92 , 106 , 113 , 114 , 116 , 119 , 120 , 124 -128, 133 , 135 , 139 , 140 , 152 , 154 , 156 , 159 , 167 , 196 , 203
Eschatology, 193
Estonia, 53 , 55
Eysteinn Erlendsson, Archbishop of Nidaros, 16 , 126 , 153
Eysteinn Haraldsson, King, 20 , 81 , 86 , 96 , 99 , 113 , 153 , 157 , 170 , 180 , 235 , 236
Eysteinn Magnússon, King, 48 , 100 , 146 -148, 150 , 153 , 180
Eyvindr kelda, 209
Eyvindr kinnrifa, 209
F
Faction formation, 112 -121
Factions, 77 , 81 , 85 , 93 , 94 , 97 , 99 , 104 , 111 , 112 , 116 , 118 , 120 -123, 134 , 142 , 197 .
See also Marriage; Parties
Fagrskinna , 17 , 19 , 20 , 29 , 45 , 47 -49, 51 , 62 , 66 , 69 , 81 , 83 , 91 , 94 , 101 , 142 , 143 , 189 , 204 , 232 , 234 -236, 239 , 240
Family sagas, 2 , 14 , 18 , 24 , 33 , 49 , 56 , 77 , 78 , 113 , 132 , 238
Faroe Islands, 18 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 52
Fate, 218 , 219
Feud, 75 , 77 , 82 , 107 , 109 , 111 , 141 -144, 238 , 239 ;
definition, 76
Fines, 118 , 132
Finnr Árnason, 69 , 73 , 88 , 105 , 114 , 115 , 135 , 154 , 155 , 159 , 187
Finns, 43 , 215 , 216 , 219
Fitjar, 44
Flanders, 243
Foreign policy, 36 , 38 , 42 , 57 , 100 , 104 , 139 , 143 , 240
Fortuna , 218 , 224
Fostering, 83 , 120 , 134 , 216
Four temperaments, 175 , 178 , 180
Fourquin, Guy, 65
France, 212 , 242 , 247
Frederick Barbarossa, 228 , 230
Freed, John B., 119
Freedmen, 123
Friendship, 4 , 73 , 79 , 82 , 90 , 97 -100, 107 , 118 , 137 , 155 , 157 , 159 , 165 , 167 , 173
Friis, Peder Claussøn, 11
Froissart, Jean, 163
132
Funkenstein, Amos, 193
Fylki , 124
Fyrileif, 33
G
Gagnér, Sten, 193
Galbert of Brugge, 66 , 243
Game of politics, 77 , 83 , 85 , 100 , 104 , 109 , 151 -153, 155 , 161 , 163 , 188 -190, 196 -198, 200 , 201 , 207 , 208 , 210 , 214 , 218 , 221 , 224 , 225 , 227 , 230 , 231 , 234 -236, 238 , 241 , 246 , 250
Gathorne-Hardy. G. M., 236
Gaunt, David, 113
Geira, Queen of Wendland, 54
Geirsteinn, 235
Geisli , 210
Generosity, 93 , 97 -99, 127 , 131 , 133 , 134 , 136 , 137 , 140 , 149 , 151 , 152 , 158 , 160 , 162 , 167 , 179 , 182 , 225 , 235 , 239 , 249 ,
See also Gifts, exchange of; Virtues
Gerald of Wales, 178
Germanistic school, 15
Germany, 162
Gifts: exchange of, 131 , 156 .
See aso Generosity
Giovanni Villani, 243 , 245
Gizurr Þorvaldsson, 13
Glendinning, Robert J., 219
Gluckman, Max, 76 , 122
Goði , 76 , 125
Goðorð , 12
Goliath, 91
Gormr, King of Denmark, 205
Göta ,Älv, 86 , 93
Government:
conduct of, 132 -135;
Haraldr háirfagri's system of, 124 , 128 ;
through personal connections, 134 ;
principles of, 140 -145.
See also Office
Grágás , 132
Grammatical treatises, 243
Grankell, 69 , 80 , 89 , 134
Gransden, Antonia, 177
Gratian's Decretum , 140
Great Svitjod, 198
Greece, 202
Green, Louis, 3 , 218 , 226
Grégóríús Dagsson, 81 , 93 , 96 , 116 , 118 , 140 , 154 , 157 , 235
Grið. See Pardon
Grid and group, 116
Grimkell, Bishop, 138
Grímsey, 98
Grjótgarðr Hákonarson, 116 , 119
Grønbech, Vilhelm, 219
Grýla , (earlier part of Sverris saga), 17 , 19 .
See also Sverris saga
Grýtingr, King of Orkdalen, 167
Guðmundr Eyjólfsson at 
137
Guðnason, Bjarni, 17
Guðríðr Birgisdðttir, 28
Guðrøðbr Bjarnarson, petty king, 45 , 82
Gudbrandsdalen, 89 , 106
Guenée, Bernard, 3 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 56
132
Gull-Haraldr, 54 , 83 , 88 , 157
Gunnes, Erik, 140 , 141 , 220
Gunnhildr:
Háikon herðibreið's foster mother, 216 ;
Queen, married to Eiríkr b1óðøx, 82 , 117 , 215 , 216
Gunnlaugr Leifsson, 18
Gunnsteinn, 151
Gurevich, A. Ya., 2 , 3 , 49 , 118 , 197 , 199 , 219
Gusdorf, Georges, 174
Guthormr Ketilsson, 165
Gyða, 43 , 44 , 87
Gyðja (goddess), 215
H
Hafrsfjord, 8 , 10 , 44
Hagiography, 16 , 17 , 18 , 176 , 177 , 179 , 185 , 212 -214
Hákon Eiríksson, Earl of Lade, 45 , 53 , 74 , 84 , 86 , 91 , 92 , 102 , 148 , 155 , 158 , 166 , 167 , 213 , 219 , 222
Hákon góði, King, 44 , 54 , 75 , 82 , 93 , 99 , 106 -108, 125 , 132 , 148 , 156 , 159 , 205 , 206 , 223
Hákon Grjótgardsson, Earl of Lade, 44 , 82 , 96 , 115 , 119
Hákon Hákonarson, King, 12 , 13
Hákon herðibreiðr, King, 86 , 97 , 103 , 122 , 153 , 216 , 217
Hákon Ívarsson, 18 , 47 , 88 , 105 , 113 , 114 , 124 , 135 , 234
Hákon Sigurðarson, Earl of Lade, 45 , 46 , 54 , 55 , 75 , 83 , 85 , 88 , 99 -102, 104 , 116 , 120 , 124 , 130 , 136 , 139 , 152 , 153 , 157 , 158 , 171 , 179 , 188 , 198 , 200 , 214 , 215 , 217 , 219 , 221 -224, 234 , 235
Hákonar saga , 132 , 204 , 237
Hálfdan svarti, King, 10 , 20 , 43 , 49 , 61 , 132 , 180 , 214 , 215 , 217 , 223 , 224
Hallberg, Peter, 58 , 62 , 219 , 220
Halldórr Brynjólfsson, 109
Halldórr Snorrason, 152 , 153 , 171
Hallfrøðr vandræðaskáld, 28 , 29 , 209
Halvorsen, Eyvind Fjeld, 14
Hamingja , 71 , 91 , 99 , 219 -222, 224 .
See also Luck
Hamre, Lars, 156
Hanning, Robert W., 178 , 218
Hanssøn, Lauritz, 11
Haraldr gilli, King, 33 , 34 , 48 , 51 , 85 , 86 , 94 , 95 , 99 , 112 , 153 , 157 , 158 , 161 , 167 , 180 , 181 , 187 , 196 , 197 , 235 , 236
Haraldr Gormsson, King of Denmark, 46 , 54 , 55 , 83 , 84 , 103 , 157
Haraldr gráfeldr, King, 54 , 82 , 83 , 88 , 99 , 130
Haraldr grenski, petty king, 46 , 55
Haraldr harðráði, King, 26 -29, 46 -48, 50 , 53 , 71 -74, 78 , 85 , 88 , 95 , 97 , 103 , 105 , 109 , 110 , 113 -115, 124 , 130 , 132 , 134 , 139 , 143 , 147 , 149 , 152 -157, 159 , 171 , 180 , 185 , 187 , 214 , 217 , 219 , 234 , 235
Haraldr hárfagri, King, 8 , 10 , 27 , 43 , 44 , 51 , 52 , 56 , 61 , 74 , 75 , 78 , 82 , 87 , 88 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 107 , 115 , 116 , 119 , 120 , 124 , 125 , 128 , 133 , 134 , 140 , 148 , 167 , 180 , 192 , 194 , 195 , 198 , 206 , 215 , 233 , 235
Hárekr at Tjøtta, 52 , 69 , 71 -73, 75 , 80 , 89 , 114 , 116 , 126 -128, 136 , 152 , 159 , 205
Harold Godwineson, 112
Harris, Joseph, 15
Harthacnut, King of Denmark, 47 , 103
Hastrup, Kirsten, 49 , 199
Hávamál , 202
Hay, Denys, 3
Heers Jacques, 65
Helgå, 37
Helle, Knut, 65 , 131
Hemingway, Ernest, 179
Heracles, 176
Herald, 202
Heroes and politicians, difference between, 154 , 155 ,
See also Virtues
Hersir , 96 , 124 , 128 , 133
Hertzberg, Ebbe, 133
Heusler, Andreas, 76 , 77 , 113 , 168
Hirð, 12 , 68 , 134 , 139 , 140 , 155 , 160 , 207 , 224
Hirðmaðr , 69 , 81 , 117 , 118 , 141 , 151 , 155
Historia Norvegiae , 16 , 47 , 62
Historical development, 65 , 121 , 174 , 192 -195, 197 , 198 , 202 , 206 , 239 .
See also Linear concept; Periodization
Historical explanation, 159 , 200 , 208 , 226 , 227 , 229 , 241 , 243 , 244 , 249
Historicism, 6 , 175 , 206
Historiography, 15 , 17 , 14 ;
ancient, 242 , 247 ;
aristocratic, 14 , 15 , 67 , 150 , 151 , 164 , 190 , 202 , 225 , 227 , 230 , 246 , 249 ;
clerical, 15 -17, 19 , 56 , 62 , 66 , 69 , 70 , 91 , 129 , 142 , 179 , 180 , 190 , 196 , 199 , 200 , 201 , 222 , 224 -230, 240 , 241 , 243 , 249 ;
decline in the thirteenth century, 242 ;
European, 15 , 67 , 138 , 139 , 187 , 201 , 207 , 237 , 250 ;
and fiction, 57 ;
"heroic," 202 -208, 231 ;
Italian, 243 -245;
medieval and modern, 3 , 6 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 57 , 61 , 188 , 193 , 203 , 222 , 223 ;
Old Norse, 8 , 14 , 62 , 63 , 197 , 244 , 247 , 250 ;
as political propaganda, 201 ;
pragmatic function of, 206 -208, 230 , 231 , 244 , 247 ;
Roman, 188 ;
royalist, 204 ;
secular, 15 -17, 19 , 33 , 62 , 142 , 224 , 226 , 232 , 233 , 240 , 241 , 243 -245
Hjalti, 100 , 101 , 205 , 219
Hjorungavagr[*] , 46 , 54 , 55 , 167 , 215 , 221
Hlýrskógsheiðr, 211 , 214
Hof (pagan cult place), 158
82
Holmengrå, 28
Holm-Olsen, Ludvig, 17 , 202 , 233
Holtsmark, Anne, 140 , 141
Holy Land, 148 , 150
Homer, 202
Honor, 4 , 76 , 77 , 80 , 82 , 98 , 104 , 107 , 113 , 117 , 126 , 134 , 158 , 160 -162, 164 , 171 -173, 187 , 189 , 190 , 202 , 204 , 225 , 227 , 241 , 246 , 249 , 250 ;
European aristocratic concept of, 162 -163, 166 , 168 , 172 ;
Snorri's concept of, 164 -166, 168 , 172
106 , 125
Hordaland, 106 , 119
Hospitality, 68 , 80 , 139 , 203
Hostage, 104
Housecarle, 81 , 118 , 150
Hovstad, Johan, 219
Hringr, 70 , 71 , 74 , 92 , 121 , 154 , 222
Hroerekr, 52 , 70 , 71 , 112 , 115 , 121 , 154 , 182 , 206
Hryggjarstykki , 17 , 28 , 95
Hugh of St. Victor, 193
Hvammur, 12
Hypergamy, 120 .
See also Marriage
I
Iceland, 1 , 2 , 5 , 7 , 10 -15, 17 -20, 24 , 29 , 33 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 44 , 46 , 69 , 74 , 76 , 77 , 98 , 100 , 106 , 112 , 113 , 119 , 121 , 125 -127, 137 , 142 , 152 , 169 , 170 , 179 , 180 , 183 , 188 , 202 , 204 , 224 , 225 , 236 -240, 242 , 246 , 250
Icelandic annals, 199
Iggers, Georg G., 58
Individualism, 174 -178, 189 , 241
Indrebø, Gustav, 25 , 29 , 143 , 233 , 234
Ingi Haraldsson, King, 33 , 81 , 86 , 93 , 95 -97, 99 , 104 , 113 , 116 -118, 147 , 157 , 165 , 168 , 181 , 216
Ingigerðr, daughter of King Óláfr of Sweden, 39 , 89 , 100 , 101 , 117
Ingiríðr, Queen, Ingi's mother, 81 , 117
In-laws, importance of, 120 .
See also Kinship; Marriage
Inner Trøndelag, 40 , 128
Interlacing, 42 , 53 , 89 .
See also Stranding
Investiture Contest, 193
Ireland, 95 , 103 , 165
Íslendinga saga , 12 , 217
Islendingabók , 15 , 32
Italy, 226 , 242
Ívarr dynta, 28
Ívarr skrauthanki, 28
J
Jaeger, C. Stephen, 162
Jæren, 203
Jakobsen, Alfred, 143
Jäimtland, 44 , 52 , 100
Jarizleifr, King of Novgorod, 213
Járnskeggi, 75 , 106 , 123 , 158
Jerusalem, 48 , 107 , 183 , 213
Joachim of Fiore, 193
Jóhannesson, Jón, 239
John of Salisbury, 207
Johnsen, Arne Odd, 112 , 113
Johnsen, Oscar Albert, 35
Joinville, 178
Jokul[*] , 52
Jómsvíkingar , 18 , 46 , 54 , 84 , 167 , 221
Jón Loptsson, 12
Jónsson, Finnur, 17 , 34 , 36 , 46 , 54
Justice: local, 139 ;
royal, 66 -68, 76 , 124 , 131 , 133 , 135 , 141 , 143 , 144 , 159 , 182 , 207
K
Kálfr Árnason, 71 -73, 80 , 84 , 85 , 88 , 89 , 99 , 100 , 107 , 114 , 115 , 128 , 138 , 154 -156, 159 , 168 , 189 , 208 , 214 , 236
Karkr, 214
Karl, adherent of King Magnús góði, 236
Karl Jónsson, 19
Karli, 151
Karmsund, 78
Karmøy, 41 , 69
Keen, Maurice, 163 , 202
Kelley, Donald, 193
Kellogg, Robert, 24 , 178
Ketill kálfr, 88
King:
daily life of, 132 ;
types of, 139 , 143 ,
See also Monarchy; Virtues
Kings Mirror, The , 118 , 129 , 131 , 132 , 140 -142, 144 , 156 , 196 , 202 , 207 , 237 , 238 , 240 , 243
Kinship:
bilateral, 112 , 116 , 118 , 119 ;
extent of, 113 -115;
importance for political alliances, 115 -118, 120 .
See also Aett ; In-laws
Kinsmen:
ban against killing, 114 , 115 ;
conflicts between, 119 , 121 ;
divided loyalty of, 116 , 119 , 121 ;
solidarity between, 41 , 68 , 70 , 71 , 77 , 80 , 88 , 92 , 106 , 116 , 120 , 121 , 134 , 137 , 155 , 166 , 167 , 204 .
See also Aett
Kirn, Paul, 146 , 176 , 178 , 179
Kjartan, 106 , 107
Klinkenberg, Hans-Martin, 193
Klyppr hersir, 125
Knarri (merchant ship), 90
Knirk, James, 62 , 190
Koch, Josef, 3
Koht, Halvdan, 2 , 3 , 23 , 24 , 35 , 61 , 64 , 66 , 75 , 115 , 120 , 125 , 192 , 194 , 197 , 201 , 203 , 237
Kolbeinn ungi, 13
Konghelle, 51 , 215 , 217
Konunga ævi , 15
Koselleck, Reinhardt, 194 , 200 , 222
Kringla , 11
Kristín Sigurðardðttir, married to Erlingr skakki, 103 , 116 , 117 , 168
Kristjáinsson, Jónas, 14
L
Lade, 45 , 60 , 127
Lammers, Walter, 3
Landaurar , 100
Latin, 14 -16, 19 , 242 , 247
Latin literature, 244
Learned style, 14 , 244 .
See also Popular style
Leff, 229
Legendary Saga , 19 , 21 , 35 , 66 , 69 , 91 , 189 , 210 , 239
Legislation, royal, 132 , 135 , 140 , 182 , 186
Legitimacy of political claims, 77 , 86 , 87 , 92 , 98
Lehmann, Paul, 178
Leiðangr (the people's defense organization), 45 , 132
Lén , 133
Lendr maðr , 12 , 65 , 69 , 72 , 78 , 79 , 81 , 85 , 88 , 90 , 92 , 94 , 118 , 119 , 124 , 125 , 127 , 129 , 131 , 133 , 141 , 155 , 196 , 205
Leonardo Bruni, 245
Lie, Hallvard, 2 , 11 , 24 , 65 , 93 , 154 , 155 , 190 , 205
Lie, Mikael, 133
Linear concept of history, 192 , 194 , 197 , 200 .
See also Cyclical concept; Historical development; Periodization
12 , 33
Lottin, Odon, 178
Louis-Jensen, Jonna, 11
Loyalty, between lord and men, 117 , 118 , 120 , 121 , 154 -156.
See also Revenge
Luck, 91 , 92 , 95 , 99 , 127 , 157 , 185 , 212 , 218 -220, 222 , 223 , 225 ;
the king's, 129 , 219 -224.
See also Chance; Charismatic kingship; Hamingja
Lunden, Kåare, 236
Lönnroth, Lars, 2 , 15 , 19 , 24 , 61 -63, 177 , 179 , 181 , 187 , 219
M
Machiavelli, Niccolò, 161 , 250
McLaughlin, Mary, 178
Magnates, 8 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 40 -42, 44 , 47 , 48 , 57 , 66 -68, 70 -72, 74 -80, 82 , 84 , 85 , 88 -90, 94 -97, 99 , 105 -108, 110 , 113 , 115 , 117 , 120 , 121 , 123 , 124 , 126 , 128 , 133 , 135 , 137 , 138 , 140 , 143 , 147 , 151 -153, 159 , 169 , 184 , 186 , 194 -196, 216 , 234 , 236 , 237 , 239
Magnates:
definition of, 125 ;
foundation of their power, 125 ;
importance of, 138 ;
as the king's allies, 129 , 134 ;
and people, 138 ;
as popular leaders, 129 , 136 , 137 , 139 .
See also Aristocracy
Magnús berfoetr, 12 , 48 , 95 , 103 , 130 , 139 , 156 , 159 , 167
Magnús blindi, 28 , 33 , 34 , 48 , 51 , 85 , 94 -96, 112 , 153 , 157 , 158 , 160 , 161 , 167 , 180 , 181 , 187 , 196 , 235
Magnús Erlingsson, 9 , 10 , 19 , 60 , 93 , 113 , 130 , 166
Magnús góði, 36 , 47 , 53 , 71 , 73 , 84 -86, 97 , 99 , 103 , 105 , 107 , 114 , 117 , 124 , 130 , 132 , 137 , 138 , 140 , 153 , 155 , 156 , 187 , 188 , 205 , 211 , 214 , 223 , 234 -236
Maiming of political enemies, 112
Manners, 161 , 163 .
See also Body; Civilizing process
Mannjafnaðr , 48 , 82 , 132 , 146 -151, 156 , 157 , 187 , 203
Marriage:
alliance, 36 , 39 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 54 , 73 , 78 , 88 , 90 , 101 -103, 106 , 114 -116, 119 , 120 , 123 , 125 , 127 , 128 , 134 , 167 , 215 ;
Nordic pattern compared to European, 119 , 120 ;
into royal family, 129 ;
royal weddings, 51 .
See also Factions; Hypergamy; In-laws; Sexual relationships
Marxism, 65
Mathilda, Queen of England, 228 , 229
Matthew Paris, 226
Maurer, Konrad, 24 , 219
Mentality, 3 , 4 , 6 , 24 , 111 , 180 , 226 , 227 , 237
Miller, William Ian, 76
Miracle, 34 , 36 , 47 , 48 , 60 , 91 , 165 , 182 , 184 , 198 , 208 -212, 224 , 226 , 230 , 231
Mirrors of princes, 97 , 141 , 144 , 207
Misch, Georg, 178 , 179
Moera-Karl, 52
Monarchy:
and aristocracy, 65 , 70 -72, 74 , 75 , 90 , 107 , 109 , 110 , 123 , 134 -136, 143 , 159 , 192 , 194 , 195 , 237 ;
and Church, 140 ;
elective, 92 , 131 ;
hereditary, 129 , 130 , 135 , 148 ;
ideology of, 9 , 40 , 129 , 134 , 141 , 144 , 145 , 156 , 186 , 196 , 204 , 220 ;
and local rulers, 195 ;
as office on God's behalf, 118 , 119 , 129 , 131 , 135 , 144 , 184 , 186 , 220 ;
and people, 75 , 107 , 108 , 134 , 135 , 137 , 138 , 140 , 150 , 158 -160;
revenues of, 124 ;
Snorri's ideas of, 129 -135.
See also Charismatic kingship; King; Office; Rex iustus ; Virtues
Monastery, 34
Morality, 4 , 146 , 153 , 156 -158, 160 , 170 , 176 , 179 , 180 , 182 , 190 , 201 , 207 , 222 , 229 , 230 , 233 , 241 , 243 , 249
Morkinskinna , 17 , 19 , 20 , 29 , 30 , 48 , 49 , 51 , 81 , 232 , 234 -236, 239
Morris, Colin, 178
Motives, 177 -180, 189 , 190
Müller, P. E., 24
Munch, P. A., 23
Mythology, 13
Mære, 106
Møre, 89
N
Nationalism, 100 , 104 , 105 , 109 , 122 , 143 , 144
Nesjar, 35 , 36 , 74 , 78 , 91 , 92 , 102 , 151
Nicholas Brekespeare, 34 , 51
Nidaros, 8 , 16 , 28 , 34 , 38 -42, 51 , 52 , 78 , 142
Nisbet, Robert A., 193
Nissåa, 47 , 73
Nordal, Sigurður, 2 , 24 , 25 , 30 , 234
Northern Norway, 39 , 40 , 68 , 69 , 89 , 168 , 216
Notatio , 146 , 153 , 179
Novgorod, 101 , 102 , 105 , 236
O
Óðal (hereditary property):
the kingdom as, 72 , 130 , 183 ;
royal confiscation of, 99 , 107 , 108 , 140
Óðalsréttr , 26
Óðinn, 9 , 198 , 205 , 206 , 210 , 211 , 215
Oath, 155 , 156 , 167 , 168
"Objectivity" of the sagas, 203 , 204 .
See also Saga style
Oddaverja family, 12
Oddi, 12
Oddr Snorrason munkr, 16 -18, 20 , 28 , 29 , 45 , 47 , 50 , 55 , 101 , 205 , 208 , 209
Office, concept of, 131 .
See also Bureaucracy, Government, Monarchy
Óláfr, King of Sweden, 36 , 39 , 41 , 67 , 89 , 98 , 100 -102, 104 , 107 , 108 , 123 , 139 , 161 , 184 , 204 , 205
Óláfr Haraldsson. See St. Óláfr
Óláfr kyrri, 48 , 64 , 153 , 156
Óláfr Tryggvason, 18 , 19 , 26 , 28 , 36 , 40 , 44 -47, 53 , 55 , 75 , 78 , 88 , 95 , 99 -101, 104 -108, 115 , 117 , 119 , 120 , 125 , 127 , 128 , 148 , 153 , 154 , 156 -159, 165 , 182 -184, 198 , 205 -213, 215 -218, 220 , 221
Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar hin mesta , 19
Oldest Saga of St. Óláfr , 16 , 19 , 66
Olney, James, 174
Olsen, Thorkil Damsgaard, 24
Ong, Walter, 24
Opplandene, 37 , 38 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 52 , 67 , 70 , 72 , 88 , 91 , 92 , 98 , 100 , 147 , 206 , 219
Oral tradition, 62 , 203 , 239
Oratory, in sagas, use of, 58 , 59 , 61 -63, 67 , 97 -100, 108 , 185 .
See also Rhetoric
Orkneyinga saga , 16
Orkneys, 36 , 38 , 39 , 44 , 52 , 53 , 126 , 180
Óroekja, 113
Oslo, 168 , 216
Otto:
of Freising, 177 , 218 , 228 , 230 , 241 ;
German Emperor, 54 , 55
Oxford, 226 , 228
P
Paasche, Fredrik, 65 , 74 , 182 , 201 , 202
Painter, Sidney, 163
Palestine, 209
Pállsson, Hermann, 15
Pardon, criteria for, 166 , 167
Parties, 33 , 237 .
See also Factions
Partner, Nancy, 225 , 226
Passio Olavi , 16 , 210
Pathans, 4
People:
as political entity, 71 , 73 , 75 , 92 , 96 , 101 , 107 , 123 , 125 , 236 ;
as social category, 123 , 124 , 126 .
See also Bóndi
Periodization, 192 -195, 197 -201, 215 -217, 221 , 230 , 239 .
See also Historical development; Linear concept
Personality, 92 , 95 , 96 , 98 , 99 , 160 , 163 , 170 , 174 , 175 , 233 ;
Ancient and Medieval ideas of, 174 -179;
aristocratic view of, 189 ;
change and continuity, 176 -179, 181 -188;
clerical view of, 176 , 178 , 179 , 189 ;
concept of, 146 , 161 , 164 ;
Medieval and modern ideas of, 175 , 177 , 186 , 187 ;
secular view of, 177 ;
Snorri's view of, 179 -182, 186 , 188 , 190 , 200
Petersen, Niels M., 23
Petty king, 37 , 38 , 45 , 43 , 52 , 67 , 70 -72, 74 , 82 , 87 -89, 91 , 92 , 96 , 98 , 100 , 121 , 128 , 141 , 195 , 196 , 206 , 219 , 222
Philip V of Macedon, 176
Phillips, Mark, 245
Pickering, Frederick P., 63
Plato, 175 , 177 , 179
Plutarch, 176 , 177
Poitevins, 226 , 228
Polybius, 176
Popular assemblies, 76 , 73 , 88 , 92 , 98 , 101 , 107 -109, 122 , 123 , 131 , 137 -139, 152 , 208 , 209
Popular style, 14 ,
See also Learned style; Saga style
Portents, 214 , 217 , 219
Pospisil, Leopold, 76
Primogeniture, 119 , 126 , 127
Prophecy, 217 , 218
Purity and pollution, 172
Q
Qviller, Bjørn, 246
R
Radding, Charles M., 178 , 218 , 226
Ragnhildr, daughter of King Magnús góði, 123 ;
Queen, married to Hálvdan svarti, 43 , 44 , 195 , 214 , 217 ;
wife of Þorbergr Árnason, 69
Rahewin, 177
Ránríki. See Bohuslän
Ransom, 162 , 166
Rape, 125
Rationalism, 208 , 211 -213, 224 , 225 , 230
Rationality, 218 , 222 -224, 227 -229, 231 -233, 236 , 243 ;
political, 4 , 146 , 161 -165, 168 , 173 , 194 , 208 , 209 .
See also Self-control and spontaneity
Ré, 10 , 20 , 34 , 49 , 93 , 188
Reeves, Marjorie, 193
Renaissance, 7 , 242 , 244 , 245 , 249 , 250 ;
of the Twelfth Century, 178 , 243 , 247
Retardation, 62
Revenge, 142 , 144 , 165 , 166 , 168 , 169 , 202 , 240 ;
of kinsmen, 73 , 88 , 112 -114, 116 , 117 ;
of lord/man, 117 , 118 , 134 , 135 , 159 .
See also Loyalty
Rex iniquus , 16 , 142
Rex iustus , 16 , 20 , 66 , 67 , 70 , 129 , 131 , 132 , 144 , 145 , 159 , 224 .
See also Monarchy
Reykjahólar, 17
Reykjaholt, 13
Rhetoric, 16 , 146 , 187 .
See also Culture; Oratory
Ríkarðr, priest, 212
Ríki , 88
Ringnes, 88
Robert, Earl of Gloucester, 229 , 230
Rogaland, 119 , 208
Romance, 164 , 178
Romans, 9 , 198 , 199
Russia, 36 , 53 -55, 85 , 138 , 154 , 183
Rognvaldr[*] Úlfsson, Earl of Västergötland, 100 -102
Rognvaldr[*] , Earl of Møre, 74 , 96 , 126
S
Sæemundr, 15
Saga Ó1áfs Tryggvasonar , 16 , 17
Saga (Old Norse), meaning of, 61
Saga:
narrative, 200 ;
style, 18 , 20 , 62 , 66 , 179 , 180 , 188 , 233 , 243 , 244 .
See also "Objectivity" of; Popular style
Sahlins, Marshall, 246
Sainthood, 36 , 84 , 98 , 137 , 138 , 145 , 183 , 184 , 186 , 189 , 209 , 212 , 214 , 215 , 236
Sandvik, Gudmund, 2 , 65 , 75 , 108 , 123 , 125 , 129 , 136 , 137 , 192 , 196 , 237
Saracens, 148
Saxo Grammaticus, 9 , 33
Scald, 52 , 108 , 223
Scaldic poetry, 10 , 13 , 25 -27, 29 , 31 , 73 , 90 , 93 , 100 , 124 , 209 , 219
Schmale, Franz-Josef, 3
Schoebe, Gerhard, 28
Scholasticism, 207 , 242 , 243 , 245 , 246 , 250
Scholes, Robert, 24 , 178
Schreiner, Johan, 2 , 65 , 88 , 89
Scilly Isles, 54 , 217
Scotland, 95
See, Klaus von, 13 , 15
Seiðrnaðr (magician), 215 .
See also Witchcraft
Seiðr , 215 , 216 .
See also Witchcraft
Sekken, 34
Selþórir, 40 , 41 , 68 , 69 , 117 , 126 , 133 , 134 , 202
Self-control and spontaneity, 155 , 162 , 168 , 170 -173.
See also Body; Civilizing process; Rationality
Seljumenn, 209 , 210
Separate Saga of St. Óláfr , 13 , 14 , 19 , 20 , 25 , 210
Seven (six) ages of history, 56 , 193 , 199
Seven ages of man, 177
Sexuality, 136 , 157 , 168 , 169 , 172 , 188
Sexual relationships, forming political alliances, 134 .
See also Marriage
Shame, 83 , 149 , 160 , 202 , 215
Shame culture versus guilt culture, 171
Sigríðr, mother of Asbjorn[*] selsbani, 117
Sigríðr skjálgsdóttir, 41
Sigríðr stórráða (the haughty), 101 , 117
Sigríðr, wife of Kálfr Árnason, 117
Sigurðr Búason, 167
Sigurðr, Danish bishop, 67 , 70 , 98
Sigurðr Eiríksson, King, 125
Sigurðr Hákonarson, Earl of Lade, 45 , 82 , 88 , 115 , 116 , 119 , 157
Sigurðr Hávardsson of Reyr, Earl, 86 , 122 , 188
Sigurðr jórsalafari, King, 33 , 48 , 51 , 85 , 95 , 103 , 107 , 116 , 142 , 146 -148, 150 , 153 , 167 , 180 , 181 , 196 , 214 , 217
Sigurðr Markúsfóstri, 122 , 188
Sigurðr munnr, King, 81 , 86 , 113 , 117 , 147 , 157 , 235
Sigurðr Sigurðarson, 94
Sigurðr slembir, pretender, 17 , 28 , 33 , 51 , 86 , 87 , 130 , 135 , 169 , 170 , 216
Sigurðr sýr, 74 , 91 , 92 , 150 , 151 , 182 , 189 , 206
Sigurðr Thórisson, 119
Sigurðsson, Jón Viðar, 119 , 167 , 239
Sigvatr skald, 28 , 29 , 47 , 107 , 108 , 138 , 188 , 223
Símun, 216
Sjalfdoemi , 114
Skinner, Quentin, 218 , 242
Skjálgr Erlingsson, 42 , 68
Skúli Barðarson, Duke, 12 , 13 , 31
Skutilsveinn , 12
Slave, 53 , 68 , 69 , 123 , 126 , 133
Smail, R. C., 163
Smalley, Beryl, 3 , 177 , 179
Snæfríðr, 215 , 216
Social mobility, 126 -130
Society:
hierarchy of, 123 , 129 , 140 , 141 , 144 , 145 , 246 , 250 ;
ideas of, 140 -145;
Snorri's, compared to contemporary European, 138 -139, 172 -173, 202 , 241 , 245 -247;
structure of, 111 -113, 121 -124, 136 -145
Sogn, 44
Sola, 40 , 90
Sørensen, Preben Meulengracht, 118
Source criticism, 2 , 211 , 220 , 239
Southern, R. W., 3 , 177 , 178 , 193 , 226
Spörl, Johannes, 3
St. Anselm, 178
St. Francis, 179 , 186 , 189
St. Louis, 178
St. Martin, 208 , 209
St. Óláfr, King, 5 , 8 , 16 , 19 -21, 26 , 29 , 34 -36, 39 -43, 46 -48, 50 -55, 59 , 62 , 65 -75, 77 -80, 84 -86, 88 -91, 94 -96, 98 -100, 102 -109, 112 , 114 -117, 120 , 121 , 124 , 126 -128, 129 , 132 -135, 137 -139, 143 , 144 , 147 , 148 , 151 , 153 , 154 , 156 -160, 161 , 165 -170, 179 , 189 , 194 , 195 , 198 , 200 , 202 , 204 -208, 213 , 214 , 216 , 217 , 219 , 220 , 223 , 233 -236, 239 , 244 ;
accession to the throne, 90 -92, 206 ,
207 ;
Christianization, 39 , 40 , 106 ;
compared to other kings, 109 , 110 , 154 , 155 ;
daily life, 132 ;
fall, 66 -68, 158 -161;
foreign policy, 36 , 38 , 101 -103;
miracles, 210 -215;
phases of his life and reign, 34 -43, 181 -186;
relationship to the magnates, 68 -70, 88 -90
Staðr , 12
Stallari , 153
Stamford Bridge, 47 , 48 , 214
Stance, 93 , 171 -173, 225
Stavanger, 8
Steblin-Kamensky, Michail, 24 , 30 , 31 , 49 , 57 -59, 179 , 197
Steigar-Þórir, 28 , 167
Steinn Skaptason, 155
Stephen, King of England, 227 , 228
Stiklestad, 29 , 35 , 36 , 48 , 55 , 69 , 70 , 72 , 74 , 84 , 98 , 114 , 160 , 170 , 184 , 185 , 189 , 199 , 212 , 215 , 236
Storm, Gustav, 23 , 25 , 27 -29, 31 , 32 , 35 , 47 , 182 , 210
Stranding, 42 .
See also Interlacing
Struever, Nancy, 242 , 244
Struve, Tilman, 141
Sturla Sigvatsson, 14 , 113
Sturla Þórðarson the Elder, 12
Sturla Þórðarson the Younger, 12 , 217
Sturlunga saga , 12 , 17 , 77 , 202 , 233 , 235 , 238
Sturlungar, 12 , 121
Styrmir Kárason, 19 , 21 , 35 , 69 , 210 , 211 , 213
Success:
importance of, 89 , 92 , 95 -97, 137 , 156 , 157 , 165 , 166 , 173 , 222 , 223 , 235 , 236 , 238 , 249 ;
reasons for, 91 , 96 , 97 , 99 -151, 157 , 158 , 160 , 161 , 172 , 222 , 233
Suetonius, 177 , 179 , 188
Sunnefa, 209
Sunnhordland, 138
Supernatural phenomena, 56 , 88 , 91 , 106 , 143 , 198 , 208 -212, 214 -218, 224 -226, 230 -233, 236 , 241 , 243 .
See also Divine intervention
Sveinn Álfífuson, ruler of Norway, 84 , 95 , 137 , 138 , 140 , 236
Sveinn Hákonarson, Earl of Lade, 35 , 53 , 71 , 78 , 91 , 92 , 102
Sveinn Haraldsson, pretender, 130
Sveinn tjúguskegg, King of Denmark, 84 , 101 , 103
Sveinn Úlfsson, King of Denmark, 47 , 73 , 74 , 103 , 105 , 234
Svend Aggesen, 33
Sverrir Sigurðsson, King, 9 , 10 , 17 , 19 , 65 , 140 , 142 , 143 , 192 , 195 , 197 , 233 , 240
Sverris saga , 10 , 16 , 17 , 19 , 33 , 50 , 62 , 93 , 132 , 204 , 233 , 236 , 237 .
See also Grýla
5 , 46 , 100 , 102 , 104 , 117 , 167 , 205 , 209
Sweden, 8 , 10 , 36 -42, 44 , 46 , 48 , 53 , 88 , 89 , 92 , 98 , 100 -102, 104 , 105 , 120 , 195 , 199 , 205 , 207 , 219 , 246
"Syncretic truth," 24 , 57 , 59
Sýsla , 133
T
Tacitus, 176
Taxation, 140
Theodoricus Monachus, 15 , 47 , 62 , 142 , 189 , 196 , 199 , 213 , 236
Theology, 2 , 15 , 193 , 222 , 226 , 229 , 241
Thomas of Celano, 179 , 186 , 189
Tiberius, 176
Tígn , 124 .
See also Utíginn maðr
Time, medieval concepts of, 49 -57, 197
Torture, 106 , 169 , 209
Tósti, English earl, 97 , 105 , 112
Townend, G. B., 177
Treason against the king, 105 , 114 , 135 , 167
Trøndelag, 38 -40, 42 -45, 51 , 73 , 75 , 78 , 82 , 83 , 86 , 89 -91, 94 , 95 , 99 , 104 , 106 , 107 , 123 , 128 , 136 , 137 , 157 , 158 , 198 , 221
Tryggvi Óláfsson, 44 , 45 , 53 , 82
Turville-Petre, Gabriel, 219
Typology, 56 , 197 , 228
U
Úlfr Óspaksson, 153 , 171
Úlfr Þorgilsson, 80 , 103
Universities, 178 , 207 , 228 , 242 , 245
Uppsala, 39 , 101
Útíginn maðr , 124 , 128 .
See also Bóndi; Tígn
V
Vagn Ákason, 167
Valdimarr, King of Denmark, 100 , 103 , 104
Valdres, 40 , 41 , 106
Veitsla :
(= royal revenues disposed by magnate), 72 , 73 , 78 -80, 83 , 88 , 119 , 124 , 127 -129, 133 ;
(= royal visit), 38 , 41 , 68 , 129 , 133 , 147
Verdalen, 184
Verdery, Katherine, 120
Vernacular literature, 242 , 243
Vestfold, 82
Vígi, Óláfr Tryggvason's dog, 209
Vígleikr Árnason, 113
Viken, 33 , 38 , 39 , 45 , 103 , 104 , 122
Viking, 35 , 53 , 54 , 67 , 68 , 83 , 90 , 98 , 126 , 127 , 181 -183, 219 ;
expedition, 8 , 65 , 165
Villehardouin, 163
Vinaver, Eugène, 42
Virtues:
aristocratic, 151 , 162 , 163 ;
athletic and military ability, 148 , 154 ;
attractive personality, 156 , 157 , 160 ;
concept of, 161 , 176 , 177 ;
eloquence, 149 ;
intelligence, 149 , 161 ;
legal and administrative ability, 149 ;
as means to success, 150 , 151 , 154 ;
Nordic and European ideas of, 146 , 150 , 151 , 158 ;
pomp and magnificence, 149 , 151 ;
practical skills, 151 .
See also Beauty; Generosity; Heroes and politicians; Monarchy
Volksgeist , 24
Voss, 106
W
Wallace-Hadrill, J. M., 76
Wallén, Per-Edwin, 240
Ward, Benedicta, 226
Warfare:
Nordic and European, 163 , 238 , 239 ;
political importance of, 92 -97
Webb, G., 178
Weber, Gerd, 2 , 15 , 31 , 197
Weber, Max, 4
Weibull, Lauritz, 10
Weintraub, Karl J., 174
Wendland, 46 , 54 , 101
Wends, 34 , 47 , 51 , 215 , 217
Western Norway, 38 -42, 44 , 78 -80, 82 , 89 , 106 , 120 , 125 , 127 , 128 , 133 , 138 , 205
White, Hayden, 58
William of Malmesbury, 177 , 227 -230, 241
Winckelmann, Johann, 168
Witchcraft, 6 , 43 , 198 , 199 , 209 , 215 -217, 224 .
See also Seicðmaðr; Seiðr
Wolf, E. R., 120
Women:
and kinship, 117 ;
as literary public, 242 ;
picture of in literature, 117 , 152 ;
as political actors, 84 , 116 -117;
as practitioners of witchcraft, 216 ;
treatment of, 168
World history, 198 -200
Wormald, Jenny, 76
Y
Ynglinga saga , 119
þættir, 35
Þóra, mother of Hákon góði, 125
Þóra Þorbergsdóttir, 134
Þórarinn Nefjólfsson, 42 , 68
Þorbergr Árnason, 69 , 116 , 134 , 155
Þórdís skeggja, 216
Þórðr Guthormsson at Steig, 89
Þorfinnr, Earl of the Orkneys, 180
Þorgils skarði, 202
Þorgnýr 
101 , 107 , 108 , 123 , 138 , 205
Þórir, 69
Þórir hjortr[*] (hart), 75 , 209
Þórir hundr, 40 , 41 , 68 , 69 , 80 , 113 , 117 , 119 , 128 , 136 , 151 , 159 , 203 , 215 , 216
Þórir Olvisson[*] , 135
Þorkell, Earl of the Orkneys, 52
Þorkell fóstri, 52
Þorkell leira, 167
Þormóðr kolbrúnarskáld, 170
Þó (Pagan God), 209 , 210
Þýri, 101
Ætt (kindred), 112 .
See also Kinship, Kinsmen
Ogvaldr[*] , 205
125 , 127
Olvi[*] at Egge, 4 , 89 , 107 , 128 , 139
Onundr[*] , King of Sweden, 37