Preferred Citation: Powe, Lucas A., Jr. The Fourth Estate and the Constitution: Freedom of the Press in America. Berkeley:  University of California Press,  c1991. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft6t1nb4fx/


 

C

Cable News Network (CNN), 169 , 228

Cable system, 207

Caldwell, Earl, 179 , 180 , 184

Callender, James, 60

Capital Cities/ABC, 203

Capital Legal Foundation, 137

Carlyle, Thomas, 260

Carroll v. President and Commissioners of Princess Anne , 322 n

Carter, Jimmy, 184

Casey, William, 155 , 177 , 188

"Cato" [John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon], 27 , 37 , 41 , 42

"Cato" [Whitehead Humphreys], 33

Cato's Letters (Trenchard and Gordon), 8 , 37 -38

CBS, 83 , 126 , 136 , 137 , 154 , 178 , 250 , 258 , 295

CBS v. Democratic National Committee , 248 , 335 n, 336 n

CBS v. FCC (Carter-Mondale) , 340 n

Censorship, 66 , 67 , 68 -69, 70 , 73 -76

Center of Military History, 296

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 147 -48, 174 , 257

Chafee, Zechariah:

antitrust, 209 , 227 , 229 ;

public service principle, 209 -11;

scholarship, 209 , 240 ;

seditious libel, 50

Chandler newspapers, 201

Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire , 313 n

Chase, Samuel, 57 , 59

Chatanooga Times , 219

Checking function, 261 , 292 ;

analogy to judicial review, 294 ;

contrast with right to know, 296 ;

distrust of government, 238 , 240 , 292 , 297 ;

framers, 48 , 50 ;

government vs. private power, 240 , 294 ;

Near case, 144 ;

uniqueness to press, 241 , 291 -92;

Vincent Blasi, 334 n;

Virginia Report, 62

Chicago Sun , 208 -9, 211

Chicago Sun-Times , 156

Chicago Tribune , 116 , 158 , 208

Chilling effect, 110 ;

broadcasting, 273 ;

criminal sanctions, 41 , 153 , 155 -56, 159 ;

damages, 117 , 120 -24, 127 , 130 , 131 , 133 ;

defined, 88 , 272 ;

disclosure of sources, 180 -81;

discovery, 118 -19;

general tenor, 73 -74;

injunctions, 141 , 150 , 152 -56;

libel of public individuals, 88 , 110 , 120 -21, 123 , 124 , 126 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 136 , 152 , 171 , 246 , 257 , 292 ;

right of reply, 272 -75;

self-censorship, 124 , 145 , 159 , 272 -75;

speculative, 161 , 181 , 275

Christian Science Monitor , 156

Christie, Francis, 267 , 268

Church, Frank, 296

CIA and the Cult of Intelligence (Marchetti), 147 -48

Circulation spiral, 214 , 218

Citizen Publishing Co. v. United States , 331 n

Citrus County Chronicle , 274

Civil liberties:

declaratory judgment, 159 ;

freedom of the press, 13 -19, 20 , 51 , 89 -90, 292 , 296 ;

history, 15 -16, 77 -78;

importance of winning, 281 -83;

judicial review, 294 -96

Civil rights movement, 79 -81

Civil War, 51 , 57 , 64 , 66 , 296

Clear and present danger, 71 -72, 90 , 176

Clifford, clark, 97

Cohen, Paul, 96 , 159

Cohen v. California , 96 , 315 n

Cohen v. Cowles Media Co ., 327 n

Colby, Richard, 173 , 296

Collateral bar rule, 150 -51

Colorado:

gubernatorial elections, 2 -3;

Supreme Court, 3 -6, 13 , 14 , 141

Colson, Chuck, 295

Commentaries on the Laws of England (Blackstone), 6 -7, 27 , 65 , 140

Commission on Freedom of the Press, 235

Committee for an Independent P-1 v. Hearst Corporation , 332 n

Common law, 6 , 7 , 25 , 26 , 27

Common Sense (Paine), 30

Communications Act, sect. 312(a) (7), 279

Communications Subcommittee, 225

Communism, 79 , 90 , 93 , 94 , 96 , 160 , 243

Comstock, Anthony, 68

Connor, Eugene ("Bull"), 89 , 151

Constitution (U.S.), 19 , 43 , 47 , 48 , 63 , 64 , 76 , 122 , 136 , 183 , 198 , 226 ;

centralized power, 73 ;

crisis times, 76 -78;

Fifth Amendment, 181 ;

judicial review, 294 -96;

Press clauses, 45 -47;

republican form of government, 332 n;

safeguards, 298 ;

Second Amendment, 243 ;

Seventh Amendment, 243 ;

Sixth Amendment, 184 , 186 , 190 ;

specifically delegated powers, 56 -58, 65

Constitutional Convention, 30 , 43 , 44 -47

Contempt of court, 4 -6, 40 -41, 145

Continental Congress, 24 , 29 , 34

Contras, 251 -52


348

Cooper, Kent, 242 , 255

Cooper, Thomas, 60

Cosby, William, 7 , 8 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14

Courier (Plant City), 262

Covert Action Information Bulletin , 176

Cowles Media v. Cohen , 327 nn

Cox, Archibald, 296

Cox newspapers, 219

Cranberg, Gilbert, 114 , 133 , 270 -71, 318 n, 320 nn

Crisis of Democratic Theory, The (Purcell), 236

Croly, Herbert, 73

Cronkite, Walter, 179 , 242

Curtis Publishing v. Butts , 314 nn

Cushing, William, 16 , 41 -42, 50


 

Preferred Citation: Powe, Lucas A., Jr. The Fourth Estate and the Constitution: Freedom of the Press in America. Berkeley:  University of California Press,  c1991. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft6t1nb4fx/