Selected Bibliography
Abu Lughod, Janet. Cairo: 1001 Years of the City Victorious. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971.
Abu-Lughod, Lila. “The Romance of Resistance: Tracing Transformations of Power through Bedouin Women.” American Ethnologist 17, no. 1 (1990): 41–55.
Abu Nowar, Ma‘an. The History of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Vol. 1: The Creation and Development of Transjordan, 1920–1929. Oxford: Ithaca Press, 1989.
Adams, Richard. Development and Social Change in Rural Egypt. Syracuse University Press, 1986.
Aflaq, Michel, and alah al-Din al-Bitar. Mawqifuna al-siyasi min al-shiuy’iyya. Cairo: n.p., 1957.
Aharoni, Yair. The Israeli Economy: Dreams and Realities. New York: Routledge, 1991.
Ake, Claude. “Modernization and Political Instability: A Theoretical Exploration.” World Politics 26, no. 4 (July 1974): 576–91.
‘Allush, Naji. “Is the Palestinian Revolution an Arab Nationalist Movement?” In The Palestinian Revolution: Its Dimensions and Issues (in Arabic). Beirut: Dar al-Tali‘a, 1970.
——————. The Palestinian Revolution: Its Dimensions and Issues (in Arabic). Beirut: Dar al-Tali‘a, 1970.
Alnasrawi, Abbas. “Economic Devastation, Underdevelopment, and Outlook.” In Iraq since the Gulf War: Prospects for Democracy, ed. Fran Hazelton. London: Zed Books, 1994.
——————. “The Economy of Iraq.” In Iraq since the Gulf War: Prospects for Democracy, ed. Fran Hazelton. London: Zed Books, 1994.
Alt, James E., and Kenneth A. Shepsle, eds. . Perspectives on Positive Political Economy. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Amir, Ben-Porat. Divided We Stand: Class Structure in Israel from 1948 to the 1980’s. New York: Greenwood Press, 1989.
Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso Editions and New Left Books, 1983.
Anderson, Lisa. The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830–1980. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986.
Anhoury, Jean. “Les reprecussions de la guerre sure l’agriculture Egyptienne.” L’Egypt contemporaine. (March-April 1947)
Antoun, Richard T. Arab Village: A Social-Structural Study of a TransJordanian Peasant Community. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1972.
Antoun, Richard T., and Donald Quataert, eds. Syria: Society, Culture, and Polity. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991.
Arendt, Hannah. On Revolution. Reprint, London: Penguin Books, 1973.
——————. On Violence. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World, 1969.
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers. Washington, D.C.: Arms Control Disarmament Agency, 1996.
Armstrong, James. “The Search for Israeliness: Toward an Anthropology of the Contemporary Mainstream.” In Critical Essays, ed. Russell A. Stone and Walter P. Zenner.
Aron, Raymond. Peace and War: A Theory of International Relations. Malabar, Fla.: Krieger, 1981.
Aronoff, Myron J. Israeli Visions and Divisions: Cultural Change and Political Conflict. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 1989.
——————. Cross-Currents in Israeli Culture and Politics: Political Anthropology. Vol. 4. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1984.
Asfour, Edmund Y. Syria: Development and Monetary Policy. Harvard Middle Eastern Monograph Series 1. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959.
Ashford, Douglas E. The Emergence of the Welfare States. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1987.
Avineri, Shlomo. “Political Ideologies: From Consensus to Confrontation.” In The Impact of the Six-Day War: A Twenty-Year Assessment, ed. Stephen J. Roth. New York: Macmillan, 1988.
Azar, Edward, ed. The Emergence of a New Lebanon: Fantasy or Reality? New York: Praeger, 1984.
Al-‘Azm, Khalid. Mudhakkirat Khalid al-‘Azm. Beirut: Dar al-Muttahida lil-Nashr, 1972.
Badran, Margot. Feminists, Islam, and Nation: Gender and the Making of Modern Egypt. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995.
Baldwin, Peter. “The Welfare State for Historians.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 34, no. 4 (October 1992): 695–707.
Baram, Amatzia. “The June 1980 Elections to the National Assembly in Iraq: An Experiment in Controlled Democracy.” Orient, no. 3 (1981).
Baram, Philip J. The Department of State in the Middle East, 1919–1945. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1978.
Barnett, Michael. Confronting the Costs of War: Military Power, State, and Society in Egypt and Israel. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.
——————. Dialogues in Arab Politics: Negotiations in Regional Order. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.
Al-Barrak, Fadhil. Al-madaris al-Yahudiyya wa-al-Iraniyya fi al-Iraq: dirasa muqarina. 2d ed. Baghdad: n.p., 1985.
Barzilai, Gad. Wars, Internal Conflicts, and Political Order: A Jewish Democracy in the Middle East. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.
Batatu, Hanna. The Egyptian, Syrian, and Iraqi Revolutions: Some Observations on Their Underlying Causes and Social Character. Washington, D.C.: Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University, 1983.
——————. The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978.
Bates, Robert H. “Macropolitical Economy in the Field of Development.” In Perspectives on Positive Political Economy, ed. James E. Alt and Kenneth A. Shepsle. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Bates, Robert H. et al. Analytic Narratives. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998.
Beblawi, Hazem. “The Rentier State in the Arab World.” Arab Studies Quarterly 9, no. 4 (fall 1987): 383–94.
Beinin, Joel, and Zachary Lockman. Workers on the Nile: Nationalism, Communism, Islam, and the Egyptian Working Class, 1882–1954. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987.
Ben-Eliezer, Uri. The Making of Israeli Militarism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998.
Bidwell, Robin. Arab Personalities of the Early Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Archive Editions, 1986.
Biersteker, Thomas J., and Cynthia Weber, eds. State Sovereignty as Social Construct. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Bill, James A. “The Study of Middle East Politics, 1946–1996: A Stocktaking.” The Middle East Journal. 50, no. 4 (autumn 1996): 501–12.
Binder, Leonard. Islamic Liberalism: A Critique of Development Ideologies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988.
Blin, Louis, and Philippe Fargues, eds. L’Économie de la paix au Proche-Orient. Paris: Maisonneuve et Larose, 1995.
Block, Fred, and Margaret R. Somers. “Beyond the Economistic Fallacy: The Holistic Social Science of Karl Polanyi.” In Vision and Method in Historical Sociology, ed. Theda Skocpol. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
Bloom, William. Personal Identity, National Identity and International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Bourgey, André. “Beyrouth, ville éclatée.” Hérodote 17 (January-March 1980): 5–32.
Boustany, Fouad L. Introduction à l’histoire politique du Liban moderne. Beirut: Editions FMA, 1993.
Brand, Laurie. Palestinians in the Arab World: Institution Building and the Search for State. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.
Breuilly, John. Nationalism and the State. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995.
Bromley, Simon. Rethinking Middle East Politics. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994.
Brynen, Rex. “The Neopatrimonial Dimension of Palestinian Politics.” Journal of Palestine Studies 25, no. 1 (autumn 1995).
——————. Sanctuary and Survival: The PLO in Lebanon. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1990.
Brzoska, Michael. “Militarisierung als analytisches Konzept.” In Militarisierungs-und Entwicklungsdynamik: Eine Exploration mit Fallbeispielen zu Algerien, Iran, Nigeria, und Pakistan. Hamburg: Deutsches Überseeinstitut, 1994.
———, ed. Militarisierungs-und Entwicklungsdynamik: Eine Exploration mit Fallbeispielen zu Algerien, Iran, Nigeria, und Pakistan. Hamburg: Deutsches Überseeinstitut, 1994.
Budeiri, Musa. “The Palestinians: Tensions between Nationalist and Religious Identities.” In Rethinking Nationalism in the Arab Middle East, ed. James Jankowski and Israel Gershoni. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.
[Buha’uddin, Ahmad]. Dialogue about the Principal Issues of the Revolution (in Arabic). Kuwait: Qabas for Fateh, n.d.
Burke, Victor Lee. The Clash of Civilizations: War-Making and State Formation in Europe. Cambridge: Policy Press, 1997.
Burley, Anne-Marie. “Regulating the World: Multilateralism, International Law, and the Projection of the New Deal Regulatory State.” In Multilateralism Matters: The Theory and Praxis of an International Form, ed. John G. Ruggie. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
Buzan, Barry. People, States, and Fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post–Cold War Era. Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1991.
Calabrese, John, ed. The Future of Iraq. Washington, D.C.: Middle East Institute, 1997.
Campbell, John L. “The State and Fiscal Sociology.” Annual Review of Sociology 19 (1993).
Castles, Frances, ed. The Comparative History of Public Policy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.
Catroux, Georges. Dans la bataille de Méditerranée. Paris: René Julliard, 1949.
Chartouni-Dubarry, May, ed. Le couple syro-libanias dans le processes de paix. Paris: Institut français des relations internationales, 1998.
Chaudhry, Kiren A. “Myths of the Market and the Common History of Late Developers.” Politics and Society 21, no. 3 (September 1993): 245–74.
——————. “On the Way to Market: Economic Liberalization and Iraq’s Invasion of Kuwait.” Middle East Report, no. 170 (May-June 1991): 14–23.
——————. The Price of Wealth: Economies and Institutions in the Middle East. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997.
Chernyak, Effim. “The French Revolution: 1794.” Social Sciences (Moscow) 2 (1990): 65–84.
Chesnoff, Richard Z., Edward Klein, and Robert Littell. If Israel Lost the War. New York: Coward-McCann, 1969.
Clarkson, Jesse D., and Thomas C. Cochran, eds. War as a Social Institution. New York: Columbia University Press, 1941.
Cockell, John G. “Ethnic Nationalism and Subaltern Political Process: Exploring Autonomous Democratic Action in Kashmir.” Nations and Nationalism 6, no. 3 (2000).
Cohen, Erik. “The Black Panthers and Israeli Society.” In Studies of Israeli Society. Vol. 1: Migration, Ethnicity, and Community, ed. Ernest Krausz. New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1980.
——————. “Ethnicity and Legitimation in Contemporary Israel.” Jerusalem Quarterly (summer 1983)
Cohen, Erik, Moshe Lissak, and Uri Almagor, eds. Comparative Social Dynamics: Essays in Honor of S. N. Eisenstadt. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1985.
Cohen, Miriam, and Michael Hanagan. “The Politics of Gender and the Making of the Welfare State, 1900–1940: A Comparative Perspective.” Journal of Social History 24, no. 3 (spring 1991): pp. 469–84.
Cohen, William B. R. “The French Colonial Service in French West Africa.” In France and Britain in Africa: Imperial Rivalry and Colonial Rule, ed. Prosser Gifford and William Roger Louis. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971.
Collier, David, and James E. Mahon Jr. “Conceptual ‘Stretching’ Revisited: Adapting Categories in Comparative Analysis.” American Political Science Review 87, no. 4 (December 1993): 845–55.
Collings, Deirdre, ed. Peace for Lebanon: From War to Reconstruction. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 1994.
Committee against Repression and for Democratic Rights in Iraq, ed. Saddam’s Iraq: Revolution or Dictatorship? London: Zed Books, 1986.
Connor, Walker. Ethnonationalism: The Quest for Understanding. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994.
Conseil supérieur des intérêts communs. Receuil de statistiques de la Syrie et du Liban, 1944. Beirut: n.p., 1946.
——————. Receuil de statistiques de la Syrie et du Liban, 1945–47. Beirut: n.p., 1948.
Cook, M. A., ed. Studies in the Economic History of the Middle East. London: Oxford University Press, 1970.
Corm, Georges. “Hegemonie milicienne et le problème du rétablissement de l’Etat.” Maghreb-Machrek 131 (January-March 1991): 13–25.
——————. “The War System: Militia Hegemony and Reestablishment of the State.” In Peace for Lebanon: From War to Reconstruction, ed. Deirdre Collings. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1994.
Couland, Jacques. Mouvement syndical au Liban, 1919–1946. Paris: Editions sociales, 1970.
Curtis, Michael, and Mordecai S. Chertoff, eds. Israel: Social Structure and Change. New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1973.
Dagher, Albert. La crise de la monnaie libanaise, 1983–1989. Beyrouth: Fiches du Monde Arabe, 1995.
Danet, Brenda. Pulling Strings: Biculturalism in Israeli Bureaucracy. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989.
Dann, Uriel. Studies in the History of Transjordan, 1920–49: The Making of a State. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1984.
Dawisha, Adeed, and I. William Zartman, eds. Beyond Coercion: The Durability of the Arab State. London: Croom Helm, 1988.
Dawn, Ernest. From Ottomanism to Arabism: Essays on the Origins of Arab Nationalism. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1973.
de Bar, Luc. Les communautés confessionnelles au Liban. Paris: Recherches sur les civilisations, 1983.
DeNovo, John. “The Culbertson Economic Mission and Anglo-American Tensions in the Middle East, 1944–1945.” Journal of American History 63 (1977): 913–33.
Deshen, Shlomo. “Political Ethnicity and Cultural Ethnicity in Israel During the 1960s.” In Studies of Israeli Society. Vol. 1: Migration, Ethnicity, and Community, ed. Ernest Krausz. New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1980.
Al-Disuqi, ‘Asim. Misr fi al-harb al-‘alamiyya al-thaniyya, 1939–1945. Cairo: Ma‘had al-Buhuth was al-Dirasat al-‘Arabiyya, 1976.
Divine, Donna Robinson. “Political Legitimacy in Israel: How Important Is the State?” International Journal of Middle East Studies 10 (1979): 205–24.
Diwan, Ishac, and Dick Papandreou. “The Peace Process and Economic Reforms.” In The Economics of Middle East Peace, ed. Stanley Fischer, Dani Rodrik, and Elias Tuma. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1993.
Dominguez, Virginia. People as Subject, People as Object: Selfhood and Peoplehood in Contemporary Israel. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989.
Downing, Brian M. The Military Revolution and Political Change: Origins of Democracy and Autocracy in Early Modern Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.
Dowty, Alan. The Jewish State: A Century Later. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1998.
Drake, Paul. The Money Doctor in the Andes: The Kemmerer Missions, 1923–1933. Durham: Duke University Press, 1989.
Eichholtz, Dietrich. Geschichte der deutschen Kriegswirtschaft, 1939–1945. Vol. 1 (1939–1941). Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1984.
Eisenstadt, S. N. The Transformation of Israeli Society: An Essay in Interpretation. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1985.
Eley, Geoff. “War and the Twentieth-Century State.” Daedalus 124, no. 2 (spring 1995): 155–74.
Elias, Norbert. La dynamique de l’Occident. Paris: Payot, 1996.
Esman, Milton J., and Itamar Rabinovich, eds. Ethnicity, Pluralism, and the State in the Middle East. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988.
Etzioni-Halevey, Eva. “Patterns of Conflict Generation and Conflict ‘Absorption’: The Cases of Israeli Labor and Ethnic Conflicts.” In Studies of Israeli Society. Vol. 1: Migration, Ethnicity, and Community, ed. Ernest Krausz. New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1980.
Evans, Peter, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, and Theda Skocpol, eds. Bringing the State Back In. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
Evron, Yair. War and Intervention in Lebanon: The Israeli-Syrian Deterrence Dialogue. London: Croom Helm, 1987.
Fanon, Frantz. Wretched of the Earth. 1967. Reprint, London: Penguin Books, 1969.
Fateh. “Birth and March” (in Arabic). Text originally published in early 1967 and reproduced in Revolutionary Studies; reprint, n.p.: Thawra Publications, n.d.
——————. “Revolution and Violence Are the Way to Liberation” (in Arabic). In Revolutionary Studies and Experiences. No. 3. N.p., n.d.
——————. “Structure of Revolutionary Construction” (in Arabic). In Revolutionary Studies. Reprint, n.p.: Thawra Publications, n.d.
“Fateh Starts the Discussion.” In Some Tenets of Guerrilla Action (in Arabic). Kuwait: n.p., n.d.
Fieldhouse, David K. “The Economic Exploitation of Africa.” In France and Britain in Africa: Imperial Rivalry and Colonial Rule, ed. Prosser Gifford and William Roger Louis. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971.
Finlayson, Alan. “Psychology, Psycho-Analysis, and Theories of Nationalism.” Nations and Nationalism 4, no. 2 (April 1998).
Fischer, Stanley, Dani Rodrik, and Elias Tuma, eds. The Economies of Middle East Peace: Views from the Region. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1993.
Flora, Peter, and Arnold J. Heidenheimer, eds. The Development of Welfare States in Europe and America. New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1981.
Frisch, Hillel. Countdown to Statehood: Palestinian State Formation in the West Bank and Gaza. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998.
Fromkin, David. A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East. New York: Avon Books, 1989.
Fussell, Paul. The Great War and Modern Memory. London: Oxford University Press, 1975.
Galnoor, Itzhak. “Israeli Society and Politics.” In The Impact of the Six-Day War: A Twenty-Year Assessment, ed. Stephen J. Roth. New York: Macmillan, 1988.
——————. The Partition of Palestine: Decision Crossroads in the Zionist Movement. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995.
Gates, Carolyn L. “The Formation of the Political Economy of Modern Lebanon: The State and the Economy from Colonialism to Independence, 1939–1952.” Ph.D. diss., Somerville College, University of Oxford, 1985.
——————. “The Historical Role of Political Economy in the Development of Modern Lebanon.” Papers on Lebanon 10. Oxford: Centre for Lebanese Studies, September 1989.
——————. The Merchant Republic of Lebanon: Rise of an Open Economy. London: Centre for Lebanese Studies, in association with I. B. Tauris, 1998.
de Gaulle, Charles. The Complete Memoirs of Charles de Gaulle. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1972.
Gellner, Ernest. Nations and Nationalism. 1983. Reprint, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993.
Gelvin, James L. “Demonstrating Communities in Post-Ottoman Syria.” Journal of Interdisciplinary History 25, no. 1 (1994).
——————. “The Social Origins of Popular Nationalism in Syria: Evidence for a New Framework.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 26, no. 4 (1994).
Gereffi, Gary, and Donald L. Wyman, eds. Manufacturing Miracles: Paths of Industrialization in Latin America and East Asia. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990.
Giddens, Anthony. The Nation-State and Violence. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1987.
Gifford, Prosser, and William Roger Louis, eds. France and Britain in Africa: Imperial Rivalry and Colonial Rule. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971.
Gillis, John R., ed. The Militarization of the Western World. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989.
Godard, Jean. “Etude statistique de la situation économique en Syrie et au Liban.” L’Egypte contemporaine, nos. 212–13 (April-May 1943).
——————. L’Oeuvre politique, économique, et sociale de la France Combattante en Syrie et au Liban. Beyrouth: Ecole française de droit de Beyrouth, 1943.
Goldberg, Ellis, Resat Kasaba, and Joel Migdal, eds. Rules and Rights in the Middle East: Democracy, Law, and Society. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1993.
Gongora, Thierry. “War Making and State Power in the Contemporary Middle East.” International Journal of Middle East Studies, 29 no. 3 (August 1997): 19–50.
Gordon, Linda, ed. Women, the State and Welfare. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1990.
Gorny, Yosef. The State of Israel in Jewish Public Thought: The Quest for Collective Identity. London: Macmillan, 1994.
Guazzone, Laura, ed. The Middle East in Global Change: The Politics and Economics of Interdependence versus Fragmentation. London: Macmillan, 1997.
Gubser, Peter. Politics and Change in al-Karak, Jordan: A Study of a Small Arab Town and Its District. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1972.
——————. “The Zu‘ama’ of Zahlah.” Middle East Journal 27, no. 2 (1973).
Guttentag, Jack, and Richard Herring. “Disaster Myopia in International Banking.” Essays in International Finance. No. 164. Princeton: Princeton University International Finance Section, 1986.
Haidar, Aziz. On the Margins: The Arab Population in the Israeli Economy. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995.
Al-Hakim, Yusuf. Suriya wa al-intidab al-Faransi. Beirut: Dar al-Nahar lil-Nashr, 1973.
Hall, Peter, ed. The Political Power of Economic Ideas: Keynesianism across Nations. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989.
Halliday, Fred. “The Formation of Yemeni Nationalism: Initial Reflections.” In Rethinking Nationalism in the Arab Middle East, ed. James Jankowski and Israel Gershoni. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.
Hammel, Eric. Six Days in June: How Israel Won the 1967 Arab-Israeli War. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1992.
Hanna, Abdullah. Al-Haraka al-‘ummaliya fi Suriya wa Lubnan 1900–1945. Damascus: Dar Dimashq, 1973.
Harb el-Kak, Mona. Politiques urbaines dans la banlieue-sud de Beyrouth. Beirut: CERMOC, 1996.
Harik, Judith. The Public Services of the Militias. Oxford: Centre for Lebanese Studies, 1994.
Harris, William. “The View from Zahleh: Security and Economic Conditions in the Central Bekaa, 1980–1985.” Middle East Journal 39, no. 3 (1985): 270–86.
Hassan, Najah Qassab. Jil al-shaja‘a hatta ‘amm 1945. Damascus: Alif Ba’ al-Adib, 1994.
Hawatma, Nayif. Action after the October War to Defeat the Surrenderist Liquidationist Solution and Seize the Right of Self-Determination (in Arabic). N.p.: DFLP, 1974.
Hazelton, Fran, ed. Iraq since the Gulf War: Prospects for Democracy. London: Zed Books, 1994.
Helms, Christine Moss. Iraq: Eastern Flank of the Arab World. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1984.
Herbst, Jeffrey. “War and the State in Africa.” International Security 14, no. 4 (spring 1990): 117–39.
Herzog, Hanna. “Political Ethnicity as a Socially Constructed Reality: The Case of Jews in Israel.” In Ethnicity, Pluralism, and the State in the Middle East, ed. Milton J. Esman and Itamar Rabinovich. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988.
Heydemann, Steven. Authoritarianism in Syria: Institutions and Social Conflict, 1946–1970. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999.
Hilan, Rizqallah. “The Effects on Economic Development in Syria of a Just and Long-Lasting Peace.” In The Economies of Middle East Peace: Views from the Region, ed. Stanley Fischer, Dani Rodrik, and Elias Tuma. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1993.
——————. Al-thaqafa wa-l-tanmiya al-iqtisadiyya fi Suriya wa-l-buldan al-mukhallafa. Damascus: Dar Maysaloun, 1981.
Himadeh, Raja S. The Fiscal System of Lebanon. Beirut: Khayat’s, 1961.
Hinds, Martin, and al-Said Badawi. A Dictionary of Egyptian Arabic. Beirut: Librairie du Liban, 1986.
Hinnebusch, Raymond A. Authoritarian Power and State Formation in Ba‘thist Syria: Army, Party, and Peasant. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1990.
——————. “State Formation in a Fragmented Society.” Arab Studies Quarterly 4 (1982): 177–97.
Hobsbawm, Eric J. The Age of Extremes. New York: Vintage Books, 1994.
——————. Nations and Nationalism since 1870: Programme, Myth, Reality. 2d ed. 1990. Reprint, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Holsti, Kalevi J. The State, War, and the State of War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Hottinger, Arnold. “Zu’Ama’ and Parties.” In Politics in Lebanon, ed. Leonard Binder, 85–105. New York: Wiley, 1966.
Hourani, Albert. “The Arab Awakening Forty Years Later.” In The Emergence of the Modern Middle East. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1981.
——————. The Emergence of the Modern Middle East. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1981.
Hourani, Hani. Al-tarkib al-iqtisadi al-ijtima‘i li sharq al-Urdunn: muqaddimat al-tatawwur al-mushawwah. Beirut: Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center, 1978.
Howard, Michael. The Lessons of History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.
Hudson, Michael. “After the Gulf War: Prospects for Democratization in the Arab World.” Middle East Journal 45, no. 3 (summer 1991): 407–26.
——————. The Precarious Republic. New York: Random House, 1968.
Hull, Adrian Prentice. “Comparative Political Science: An Inventory and Assessment since the 1980s.” PS: Political Science and Politics 32, no. 1 (March 1999): 117–24.
Hunter, Guy. “Economic Problems: The Middle East Supply Centre.” In The Middle East in the War, ed. George Kirk. Royal Institute of International Affairs. London: Oxford University Press, 1952.
Ingram, Edward, ed. National and International Politics in the Middle East: Essays in Honour of Elie Kedourie. London: Frank Cass, 1986.
Iskandar, Adnan G. Bureaucracy in Lebanon. Beirut: American University of Beirut, 1964.
Issawi, Charles. Egypt: An Economic and Social Analysis. London: Oxford University Press, 1947.
——————. The Fertile Crescent, 1800–1914: A Documentary Economic History. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
Jackson, Robert H. Quasi-States: Sovereignty, International Relations, and the Third World. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Jackson, Robert H., and Carl G. Rosberg. “Why Africa’s Weak States Persist: The Empirical and the Juridical in Statehood.” World Politics 35 (October 1982): 1–24.
Jalal, F. The Role of Government in the Industrialisation of Iraq, 1950–1965. London: Frank Cass, 1972.
Jallul, Faysal. A Critique of Palestinian Arms: People, Revolution, and Camp in Burj al-Barajna (in Arabic). Beirut: Dar al-Jadid, 1994.
Jankowski, James, and Israel Gershoni, eds. Rethinking Nationalism in the Arab Middle East. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.
Janoski, Thomas, and Alexander M. Hicks. The Comparative Political Economy of the Welfare State. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Jarvis, Claude Scudmore. Arab Command: The Biography of Lieutenant Colonel F. G. Peake Pasha. London: Hutchinson, 1942.
Kasparian, Robert, Andre Beaudouin, and Selim Abou. La population déplacée par la guerre au Liban. Paris: L’Harmattan, 1995.
Katznelson, Ira. “The State to the Rescue? Political Science and History Reconnect.” Social Research 59, no. 4 (winter 1992): 719–37.
Kaufman, Robert. “How Societies Change Developmental Models or Keep Them: Reflections on the Latin American Experience in the 1930s and the Postwar World.” In Manufacturing Miracles: Paths of Industrialization in Latin America and East Asia, ed. Gary Gereffi and Donald L. Wyman. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990.
Kazziha, Walid W. The Social History of Southern Syria (TransJordan) in the Nineteenth Century. Beirut: Jami‘at Bayrut al-‘Arabiyya, 1972.
Keen, B. A. The Agricultural Development of the Middle East: A Report to the Director General, Middle East Supply Centre, May, 1945. London: HMSO, 1946.
Keen, David. The Economic Functions of Violence in Civil Wars. International Institute for Strategic Studies, Adelphi Paper 320. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Kelidar, Abbas, ed. The Integration of Modern Iraq. London: Croom Helm, 1979.
Keren, Michael. The Pen and the Sword; Israeli Intellectuals and the Making of the Nation-State. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1989.
Khadduri, Majid. Socialist Iraq: A Study of Iraqi Politics since 1968. Washington, D.C.: Middle East Institute, 1978.
Al-Khafaji, Isam. “Always One War away from Revolution.” Civil Society (Cairo) (September 1998): 15.
——————. “Beyond the Ultra-Nationalist State.” Middle East Report, nos. 187–188 (March-June 1994): 34–39.
——————. Al-dawla wa al-tatawwur al-ra’smali fi al-‘Iraq, 1968–1978. Tokyo: UN University and Cairo: Third World Forum, 1983.
——————. “Al-iqtisad al-‘Iraqi ba’d al-harb ma‘a Iran.” Al-fikr al-istratiji al-‘Arabi, no. 32 (April 1990): 177–223.
——————. “The Parasitic Base of the Iraqi Economy.” In Saddam’s Iraq: Revolution or Dictatorship? ed. Committee against Repression and for Democratic Rights in Iraq. London: Zed Books, 1986.
——————. “Repression, Conformity, and Legitimacy: Prospects for an Iraqi Social Contract.” In The Future of Iraq, ed. John Calabrese. Washington, D.C.: Middle East Institute, 1997.
——————. “State Terror and the Degradation of Politics in Iraq.” Middle East Report 176 (May-June 1992): 15–22.
Khalaf, Samir. Lebanon’s Predicament. New York: Columbia University Press, 1987.
Khalidi, Rashid. Under Siege: PLO Decisionmaking during the 1982 War. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.
Khalidi, Rashid, Lisa Anderson, Muhammad Muslih, and Reeva Simon, eds. The Origins of Arab Nationalism. New York: Columbia University Press, 1991.
Al-Khatib, Husam. “Whither the Palestinian Revolution?” (in Arabic). Shu’un Filastiniyya, no. 4 (September 1971).
Al-Khazin, Farid, and Paul Salem, eds. Al-Intikhabat al-ula fî Lubnan ma ba’d al-harb. Beirut: Dar al-Nahar, 1993.
Khoury, Philip S. Syria and the French Mandate: The Politics of Arab Nationalism, 1920–1945. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987.
——————. “Syrian Political Culture: A Historical Perspective.” In Syria: Society, Culture, and Polity, ed. Richard T. Antoun and Donald Quataert. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991.
——————. Urban Notables and Arab Nationalism: The Politics of Damascus, 1860–1920. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983.
Kimmerling, Baruch. “Between the Primordial and the Civil Definitions of the Collective Identity: Eretz Israel or the State of Israel?” In Comparative Social Dynamics: Essays in Honor of S. N. Eisenstadt, ed. Erik Cohen, Moshe Lissak, and Uri Almagor. Boulder: Westview Press, 1985.
Kingston, Paul W. T. Britain and the Politics of Modernization in the Middle East, 1945–1958. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Kirk, George, ed. The Middle East in the War. Royal Institute of International Affairs, London: Oxford University Press, 1952.
Klieman, A. S. Foundations of British Policy in the Arab World: The Laird Conference of 1921. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1970.
Korany, Baghat. “The Old/New Middle East.” In The Middle East in Global Change: The Politics and Economics of Interdependence versus Fragmentation, ed. Laura Guazzone. London: Macmillan, 1997.
Korany, Baghat, Paul Noble, and Rex Brynen, eds. The Many Faces of National Security in the Arab World. London: Macmillan, 1993.
Kostiner, Joseph. “The Hashemite Tribal Confederacy.” In National and International Politics in the Middle East: Essays in Honour of Elie Kedourie, ed. Edward Ingram. London: Frank Cass, 1986.
——————. The Making of Saudi Arabia, 1916–1936: From Chieftancy to Monarchical State. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Koven, Seth, and Sonya Michel. “Womanly Duties: Maternalist Policies and the Origins of Welfare States in France, Germany, Great Britain and the United States, 1880–1920.” American Historical Review 4 (October 1990): 1076–108.
Kraus, Vered, and Robert W. Hodge. Promises in the Promised Land: Mobility and Inequality in Israel. New York: Greenwood Press, 1990.
Krausz, Ernest. Studies of Israeli Society. Vol. 1: Migration, Ethnicity, and Community. New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1980.
Laqueur, Walter Z. Communism and Nationalism in the Middle East. 3d ed. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1961.
Lee, J. M. Colonial Development and Good Government: A Study of the Ideas Expressed by the British Official Classes in Planning Decolonization, 1939–1964. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967.
Le Peillet, Pierre. Les bérets bleus de l’ONU a travers 40 ans de conflit israélo-arabe. Paris: France-Empire, 1988.
Lerner, Daniel. The Passing of Traditional Society: Modernizing the Middle East. New York: Free Press, 1958.
Levy, Yagil. Trial and Error: Israel’s Route from War to De-escalation. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997.
Lewis, Arnold. “Ethnic Politics and the Foreign Policy Debate in Israel.” In Cross-Currents in Israeli Culture and Politics: Political Anthropology. Vol. 4, ed. Myron J. Aronoff. New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1984.
“Liban: l’Argent des Milices.” Cahiers de l’Orient 10 (1988): 271–87.
Lichbach, Mark I., and Alan S. Zuckerman, eds. Comparative Politics: Rationality, Culture, and Structure. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Liebman, Charles S., and Eliezer Don-Yehiya. Civil Religion in Israel: Traditional Judaism and Political Culture in the Jewish State. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1983.
Liebman, Charles S., and Elihu Katz, eds. The Jewishness of Israelis: Responses to the Guttman Report. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997.
Liron, Yocheved. Deprivation and Socio-Economic Gap in Israel. Jerusalem: Israel Economist, 1973.
Lipset, Seymour Martin. Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics. New York: Doubleday, 1960.
Lissak, Moshe, ed. Israeli Society and Its Defense Establishment: The Social and Political Impact of a Protracted Violent Conflict. London: Frank Cass, 1984.
Lloyd, E. M. H. Food and Inflation in the Middle East, 1940–45. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1956.
Lobmeyer, Hans-Günter. Opposition und Widerstand im ba‘thistischen Syrien. Hamburg: German Orient Institute, 1995.
Longrigg, Stephen Helmsley. Syria and Lebanon under French Mandate. 1958. Reprint, Beirut: Librairie du Liban, 1968.
Longuenesse, Elisabeth. “Guerre et décentralisation urbaine au Liban: le cas de Zghorta.” In Petites villes et villes moyennes dans le monde arabe. Tours: Urbama, 1986.
Lustick, Ian S. “The Absence of Middle Eastern Great Powers: Political ‘Backwardness’ in Historical Perspective.” International Organization 51, no. 4 (autumn 1997): 653–83.
——————. Arabs in the Jewish State: Israel’s Control of a National Minority. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1980.
——————. Unsettled States, Disputed Lands: Britain and Ireland, France, and Algeria, Israel and the West Bank-Gaza. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993.
Macciocchi, Maria Antoinetta, ed. Elements pour une analyse du fascisme. 2 vols. Paris: Edition 10/18, 1976.
Madi, Munib, and Suleiman Musa. Tarikh sharq al-Urdunn fi al-qarn al-‘ishrin. Amman: n.p., 1958.
Mahdavy, H. “The Patterns and Problems of Economic Development in Rentier States: The Case of Iran.” In Studies in the Economic History of the Middle East, ed. M. A. Cook. London: Oxford University Press, 1970.
Maila, Joseph. “The Document of National Reconciliation: A Commentary.” Prospects for Lebanon. No. 4. Oxford: Centre for Lebanese Studies, 1992.
Makhlouf, Hassan. Culture et commerce de drogue au Liban. Paris: L’Harmattan, 1994.
Al-Malla, Ziad. Safhat min tarikh al-hizb al-shiyu‘i al-Suri (1924–1954). Damascus: Al-Amali, 1994.
Mann, Michael. “The Autonomous Power of the State: Its Origins, Mechanisms and Results.” In States, War and Capitalism: Studies in Political Sociology. Oxford: Blackwell, 1988.
——————. “State and Society, 1130–1815: An Analysis of English State Finances.” In States, War, and Capitalism, ed. Michael Mann. Oxford: Blackwell, 1988.
——————. States, War, and Capitalism. Oxford: Blackwell, 1988.
Ma‘oz, Moshe. Palestinian Leadership in the West Bank: The Changing Role of the Mayors under Jordan and Israel. London: Frank Cass, 1984.
——————. Syria and Israel: From War to Peacemaking. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.
Marr, Phoebe. The Modern History of Iraq. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1985.
Martin, Bernd, and Alan S. Milward, eds. Agriculture and Food Supply in the Second World War. Ostfildern: Scripta Mercaturae Verlag, 1985.
Martin, Denis-Constant. “The Choices of Identity.” Social Identities 1, no. 1 (1995).
Massad, Joseph. “Conceiving the Masculine: Gender and Palestinian Nationalism.” Middle East Journal 49, no. 3 (summer 1995).
Matthews, Roderic D., and Matta Akrawi. Education in Arab Countries of the Near East. Washington, D.C.: American Council on Education, 1949.
McAdam, Doug, John D. McCarthy, and Mayer N. Zald, eds. Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
McNeely, Connie L. Constructing the Nation-State: International Organization and Prescriptive Action. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1995.
Meyer, John W. “The World Polity and the Authority of the Nation-State.” In Institutional Structure: Constituting State, Society, and the Individual, ed. George M. Thomas, John W. Meyer, Francisco Ramierez, and John Boli. Neubury Park, Calif.: Sage Press, 1987.
Migdal, Joel. “Civil Society in Israel.” In Rules and Rights in the Middle East: Democracy, Law, and Society, ed. Ellis Goldberg, Resat Kasaba, and Joel Migdal. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1993.
——————. Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988.
——————. “Studying the State.” In Comparative Politics: Rationality, Culture, and Structure, ed. Mark I. Lichbach and Alan S. Zuckerman. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Migdal, Joel, Atul Kohli, and Vivienne Shue, eds. State Power and Social Forces. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Miller, David. On Nationalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Millspaugh, Arthur C. Americans in Persia. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1946.
Milward, Alan A. “The Second World War and Long-Term Change in World Agriculture.” In Agriculture and Food Supply in the Second World War, ed. Bernd Martin and Alan S. Milward. Ostfildern: Scripta Mercaturae Verlag, 1985.
——————. War, Economy, and Society, 1939–1945. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1979.
Ministère des affaires étrangères (France). Rapport à la Société des Nations sur la situation de la Syrie et du Liban (Année 1928). Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1929.
Mitchell, Timothy. Colonising Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
Moore, Clement Henry. “Le système bancaire libanais: les substituts financiers d’un ordre politique.” Maghreb-Machrek 99 (February-March 1983): 30–47.
Morris, Benny. The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947–1949. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
Moualem, Walid. “Fresh Light on the Syrian-Israeli Peace Negotiations.” Journal of Palestine Studies 27, no. 2 (1997): 81–94.
Murphy, Alexander. “The Sovereign State System as Political-Territorial Ideal: Historical and Contemporary Considerations.” In State Sovereignty as Social Construct, ed. Thomas J. Biersteker and Cynthia Weber. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Musa, Suleiman. “The Rise of Arab Nationalism and the Emergence of Transjordan.” In Nationalism in a Non National State, ed. William Ochsenwald and William W. Haddad. University of Ohio Press: Columbus, 1977.
Najm al-Din, Ahmed. Ahwal al-sukkan fi al-‘Iraq. Cairo: Jami‘at al-Duwal al-’Arabiyya, Ma’had al-Buhouth wa al-Dirasat al-’Arabiyya, 1970.
Nettl, J. P. “The State as a Conceptual Variable.” Comparative Politics 20, no. 4 (July 1968): 559–92.
Nevo, Joseph. “The Arabs of Palestine, 1947–48: Military and Political Activity.” Middle Eastern Studies 23, no. 1 (January 1987).
North, Douglass C. Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Norton, Augustus Richard. Amal and the Shi‘a: Struggle for the Soul of Lebanon. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1987.
Ochsenwald, William L. The Hijaz Railway. Charlottesville: University Press of Virgina, 1981.
——————. “Ironic Origins: Arab Nationalism in the Hijaz, 1882–1914.” In The Origins of Arab Nationalism, ed. Rashid Khalidi et al. New York: Columbia University Press, 1991.
——————. “Opposition to Political Centralisation in South Jordan and the Hijaz.” Muslim World 63 (October 1973): 297–306.
Ochsenwald, William L., and William W. Haddad, eds. Nationalism in a Non National State. Columbus: University of Ohio Press, 1977.
O’Donnell, Guillermo. Modernization and Bureaucratic Authoritarianism: Studies in South American Politics. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1973.
Office Arabe de presse et documentation (Syria). Receuil des statistiques syriennes comparées (1928–1968). Damascus: n.p., 1970.
Omar, Suha. “Women: Honor, Shame, and Dictatorship.” In Iraq since the Gulf War: Prospects for Democracy, ed. Fran Hazelton. London: Zed Books, 1994.
Palestine Liberation Organization. Palestinian Popular Culture Faced with Zionist Attempts at Arrogation. N.p., 1976.
Parker, Geoffrey. Military Innovation and the Rise of the West, 1500–1800. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Peake, Frederick G. A History of Jordan and Its Tribes. Coral Gables, Fla.: University of Miami Press, 1958.
——————. “Transjordan.” Royal Central Asian Society Journal (1939)
Pedatzur, Reuven. The Triumph of Embarrassment: Israel and the Territories after the Six-Day War (in Hebrew). Tel-Aviv: Bitan, 1996.
Peled, Yoav. “Ethnic Democracy and the Legal Construction of Citizenship: Arab Citizens of the Jewish State.” American Political Science Review 86 (June 1992).
——————. “Mizrahi Jews and Palestinian Arabs: Exclusionist Attitudes in Development Towns.” In Ethnic Frontiers and Peripheries: Landscapes of Development and Inequality in Israel, ed. Oren Yiftachel and Avinoam Meir. Boulder: Westview Press, 1998.
Peleg, Ilan. “The Arab-Israeli Conflict and the Victory of Otherness.” In Critical Essays on Israeli Social Issues and Scholarship: Books on Israel, vol. 3, ed. Walter P. Zenner. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994.
Peres, Yochanan. “Modernization and Nationalism in the Identity of the Israeli Arab.” Middle East Journal 24 (autumn 1970): 479–92.
Perthes, Volker. “From War Dividend to Peace Dividend? Syrian Options in a New Regional Environment.” In L’Économie de la paix au Proche-Orient, ed. Louis Blin and Philippe Fargues. Paris: Maisonneuve et Larose, 1995.
——————. “Kriegsdividende und Friedensrisiken: Überlegungen zu Rente und Politik in Syrien.” Orient 35, no. 3 (1994): 413–24.
——————. The Political Economy of Syria under Asad. London: I. B. Tauris, 1995.
——————. “Scénarios syriens: Processes de paix, changements internes et relations avec le Liban.” In Le couple syro-libanias dans le processes de paix, ed. May Chartouni-Dubarry. Paris: Institut français des relations internationales, 1998.
———, ed. Scenarios for Syria: Socio-Economic and Political Choices. Baden-Baden: Nomos Publishers, 1998.
Picard, Elizabeth. Demobilization of the Militias: A Lebanese Dilemma. Oxford: Centre for Lebanese Studies, 1999.
——————. “Les habits neufs du communautarisme libanais.” Cultures et conflits, nos. 15–16 (1994): 49–70.
——————. “State and Society in the Arab World: Towards a New Role for the Security Services?” In The Many Faces of National Security in the Arab World, ed. Bahgat Korany, Paul Noble, and Rex Brynen. London: Macmillan, 1993.
——————. “La Syrie et le processus de paix.” Monde arabe Maghreb Machrek 158 (October-December 1997): 56–69.
Pieterse, Jan Nederveen. “Deconstructing/Reconstructing Ethnicity.” Nations and Nationalism 3, no. 3 (November 1997).
Pipes, Daniel. Greater Syria: The History of an Ambition. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
——————. “Syrie: l’après-Assad.” Politique internationale 59 (spring 1993): 97–110.
Plessner, Yakir. The Political Economy of Israel: From Ideology to Stagnation. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994.
Poggi, Gianfranco. The State: Its Nature, Development, and Prospects. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990.
Polanyi, Karl. The Great Transformation. Rev. ed. 1944. Reprint, Boston: Beacon Press, 1957.
Pool, David. “From Elite to Class: The Transformation of Iraqi Political Leadership.” In The Integration of Modern Iraq, ed. Abbas Kelidar. London: Croom Helm, 1979.
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. “The Basic Political Report of the PFLP.” In Palestinian Arab Documents 1968 (in Arabic). Beirut: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1970.
——————. The Proletariat and the Palestinian Revolution (two speeches by George Habash in May 1970; in Arabic). Beirut: n.p., n.d. [1970].
Porter, Bruce D. War and the Rise of the State. New York: Free Press, 1994.
Powell, Walter W., and Paul J. DiMaggio, eds. The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.
Prest, A. R. War Economics of Primary Producing Countries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1948.
Puaux, Gabriel. Deux années au Levant. Paris: Hachette, 1952.
Putterman, Louis, and Dietrich Rueschemeyer, eds. State and Market in Development: Synergy or Rivalry? Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Reinner, 1992.
Qasimiyyah, Khayriyyah. Hukumah al-‘Arabiyyah fi Dimashq, 1918–1920. Beirut: Al-mu’assasa al-‘arabiyya lil-dirasat wa al-nashr, 1982.
Qurtas, Wadad al-Maqdisi. Dhikrayat, 1917–1977. Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Abhath al-‘Arabiya, 1982.
Ranis, Gustav. “The Role of Governments and Markets.” In State and Market in Development: Synergy or Rivalry? ed. Louis Putterman and Dietrich Rueschemeyer. Boulder: Lynne Reinner, 1992.
Remba, Oded. “Income Inequality in Israel: Ethnic Aspects.” In Israel: Social Structure and Change, ed. Michael Curtis and Mordecai S. Chertoff. New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1973.
Richards, Alan. Egypt’s Agricultural Development, 1800–1980: Technical and Social Change. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1982.
Richards, Alan, and John Waterbury. A Political Economy of the Middle East: State, Class and Economic Development. Boulder: Westview, 1990.
Rivlin, Paul. The Israeli Economy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1992.
Robinson, Glenn E. Building a Palestinian State: The Incomplete Revolution. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1997.
Rock, David, ed. Latin America in the 1940s: War and Postwar Transitions. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1994.
Rogan, Eugene. “Bringing the State Back: The Limits of Ottoman Rule in Transjordan, 1840–1910.” In Village, Steppe and State: The Social Origins of Modern Jordan, ed. Eugene Rogan and Tariq Tell. London: British Academic Press, 1994.
Rogan, Eugene, and Bariq Tell, eds. Village, Steppe, and State: The Social Origins of Modern Jordan. London: British Academic Press, 1994.
Rosen, S. McKee. The Combined Boards of the Second World War: An Experiment in International Administration. New York: Columbia University Press, 1951.
Rosenau, James N. “The State in an Era of Cascading Politics: Wavering Concept, Widening Competence, Withering Colossus, or Weathering Change?” Comparative Political Studies 21 (April 1988).
Rosenthal, Jean-Laurent. “The Political Economy of Absolutism Reconsidered.” In Analytic Narratives, ed. Robert H. Bates et al. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998.
Roter, Raphael, and Nira Shamai. “Social Policy and the Israeli Economy, 1948–1980.” In Economic and Social Policy in Israel: The First Generation, ed. Moshe Sanbar. New York: University Press of America, 1990.
Roth, Stephen J., ed. The Impact of the Six-Day War: A Twenty-Year Assessment. New York: Macmillan, 1988.
Rothwell, Charles Easton. “War and Economic Institutions.” In War as a Social Institution, ed. Jesse D. Clarkson and Thomas C. Cochran. New York: Columbia University Press, 1941.
Rudolph, Lloyd I., and Susanne Hoeber Rudolph. The Modernity of Tradition: Political Development in India. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967.
Ruggie, John G. Multilateralism Matters: The Theory and Praxis of an International Form. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
Sadowski, Yahya. “Cadres, Guns, and Money: The Eighth Regional Congress of the Syrian Ba‘th.” MERIP Reports, no. 134 (July-August 1985).
——————. “Political Power and Economic Organization in Syria: The Course of State Intervention, 1946–1958.” Ph.D. diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 1984.
Said, Edward. Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books, 1979.
Salibi, Kamal S. The Modern History of Lebanon. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1965.
Sanadiki, Chafik. “Le Mouvement syndical en Syrie.” Ph.D. diss., University of Paris, Faculty of Law, 1949.
Sanbar, Moshe, ed. Economic and Social Policy in Israel: The First Generation. New York: University Press of America, 1990.
Savir, Uri. The Process: 1,100 Days That Changed the Middle East. New York: Random House, 1998.
Al-Sayigh, Anis. Al-hashimiyyun wa al-thawra al-‘Arabiyya al-kubra. Beirut: Dar al-Tali‘a, 1966.
Sayigh, Rosemary. “Dis/Solving the ‘Refugee Problem.’” Middle East Report, no. 207 (summer 1998).
——————. Palestinians: From Peasants to Revolutionaries. London: Zed Books, 1979.
Sayigh, Yezid. Arab Military Industry: Capability, Performance, and Impact. London: Brassey’s, 1992.
——————. Armed Struggle and the Search for State: The Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.
——————. “Escalation or Containment? Egypt and the Palestine Liberation Army, 1964–1967.” International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 30, no. 1 (February 1998).
——————. “Globalization Manqué: Regional Fragmentation and Authoritarian-Liberalism in the Middle East.” In The Third World beyond the Cold War, ed. Louise Fawcett and Yezid Sayigh. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
——————. “The Palestinians.” In The Cold War and the Middle East, ed. Yezid Sayigh and Avi Shlaim. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.
——————. “Turning Defeat into Opportunity: The Palestinian Guerrillas after the June 1967 War.” Middle East Journal 46, no. 2 (spring 1992).
Sayigh, Yezid, and Avi Shlaim, eds. The Cold War and the Middle East. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.
Schatkowski-Schilcher, Linda. “The Famine of 1915–1918 in Greater Syria.” In Problems of the Modern Middle East in Historical Perspective: Essays in Honour of Albert Hourani. St. Antony’s Middle East Monographs, ed. John P. Spagnolo. No. 26. Reading: Ithaca Press, 1992.
Scott, James C. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985.
Seale, Patrick. Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East. London: I. B. Tauris, 1988.
Sen, Amartya K. Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981.
Shalev, Michael. Labour and the Political Economy in Israel. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Shama, Avraham, and Mark Iris. Immigration without Integration: Third World Jews in Israel. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1977.
Shaw, Martin, ed. War, State, and Society. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1984.
Shiblaq, Abbas. The Lure of Zion. London: Al-Saqi Books, 1987.
Shlaim, Avi. Collusion across the Jordan: King Abdullah, the Zionist Movement, and the Partition of Palestine. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988.
El-Shorbagi, S. Mudhakkarat ‘an Harb Octobar li-gami’ al-talaba. Cairo: al-Mu’assassa al-Arabiyya al-Haditha, 1974.
Sikkink, Kathryn. Ideas and Institutions: Developmentalism in Brazil and Argentina. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1987.
Skocpol, Theda. “Bringing the State Back In: Strategies of Analysis in Current Research.” In Bringing the State Back In, ed. Peter Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, and Theda Skocpol. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
——————. Protecting Soldiers and Mothers: The Political Origins of Social Policy in the United States. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, Belknap Press, 1992.
——————. “Social Revolutions and Mass Military Mobilization.” World Politics 40 (January 1988): 147–68.
——————. Social Revolutions in the Modern World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
———, ed. Vision and Method in Historical Sociology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
Skocpol, Theda, and John Ikenberry. “The Political Formation of the American Welfare State in Historical and Comparative Perspective.” Comparative Social Research 6 (1983): 87–148.
Smith, Anthony D. The Ethnic Origins of Nations. 1986. Reprint, Oxford: Blackwell, 1995.
Smooha, Sammy. Israel: Pluralism and Conflict. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978.
Soueif, Ahdaf. In the Eye of the Sun. London: Bloomsbury, 1992.
Spagnolo, John P., ed. Problems of the Modern Middle East in Historical Perspective: Essays in Honour of Albert Hourani. St. Antony’s Middle East Monographs, no. 26. Reading: Ithaca Press, 1992.
Spears, Sir Edward. Fulfilment of a Mission: Syria and Lebanon, 1941–1944. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books, 1977.
Spilerman, Seymour, and Jack Habib. “Development Towns in Israel: The Role of Community in Creating Ethnic Disparities in Labor Force Characteristics.” In Studies of Israeli Society. Vol. 1: Migration, Ethnicity and Community, ed. Ernest Krausz. New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1980.
Sprinzak, Ehud. The Ascendance of Israel’s Radical Right. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
Spruyt, Hendrik. The Sovereign State and Its Competitors. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994.
Starr, Joyce. “Lebanon’s Economy: The Cost of Protracted Violence.” In The Emergence of a New Lebanon: Fantasy or Reality, ed. Edward Azar. New York: Praeger, 1984.
Steinmo, Sven, Kathleen Thelen, and Frank Longstreth, eds. Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Stevenson, William. Strike Zion! New York: Bantam Books, 1967.
Stone, Russell A., and Walter P. Zenner, eds. Critical Essays on Israeli Social Issues and Scholarship: Books on Israel. Vol. 3. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994.
Strang, David. “British and French Political Institutions and the Patterning of Decolonization.” In The Comparative Political Economy of the Welfare State, ed. Thomas Janoski and Alexander M. Hicks. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Stubbs, Richard. “War and Economic Development: Export-Oriented Industrialization in East and Southeast Asia.” Comparative Politics 31, no. 3 (April 1999): 337–55.
Swift, Jeremy. “Why Are Rural People Vulnerable to Famine?” Institute for Development Studies Bulletin 20, no. 2 (1989): 8–15.
Swirski, Shlomo. Israel: The Oriental Majority. New Jersey: Zed Books, 1989.
Tamari, Salim. “Soul of the Nation: The Fallah in the Eyes of the Urban Intelligentsia.” Review of Middle East Studies 5 (1992): 74–83.
Tarrow, Sidney. Power in Movement: Social Movements, Collective Action, and Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
——————. “States and Opportunities: The Political Structuring of Social Movements.” In Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings, ed. Doug McAdam, John D. McCarthy, and Mayer N. Zald. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996
Tauber, Eleazar. The Arab Movements in World War I. London: Frank Cass, 1993.
Tessler, Mark, ed., with Jodi Nachtwey and Anne Banda. Area Studies and Social Science: Strategies for Understanding Middle East Politics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999.
Therborn, Goran. “The Rule of Capital and the Rise of Democracy.” New Left Review 103 (May-June): 3–41.
Thomas, George M., John W. Meyer, Francisco Ramierez, and John Boli, eds. Institutional Structure: Constituting State, Society, and the Individual. Neubury Park, Calif.: Sage Press, 1987.
Thompson, Elizabeth. Colonial Citizens: Republican Rights, Paternal Privilege, and Gender in French Syria and Lebanon. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000.
Tibawi, Abdul Latif. A Modern History of Syria, including Lebanon and Palestine. New York: Macmillan and St. Martin’s Press, 1969.
Tibi, Bassam. Arab Nationalism: A Critical Inquiry. Trans. Peter Sluglett and Marion Farouk Sluglett. London: Macmillan, 1971.
Tignor, Robert L. Egyptian Textiles and British Capital, 1930–1956. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1989.
——————. “The Suez Crisis of 1956 and Egypt’s Foreign Private Sector.” Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 20 (May 1992): 274–97.
Tilly, Charles. As Sociology Meets History. New York: Academic Press, 1981.
——————. Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 900–1990. Cambridge, Mass.: Basil Blackwell, 1990.
——————. “Reflections on the History of European State-Making.” In The Formation of National States in Western Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975.
——————. “War Making and State Making as Organized Crime.” In Bringing the State Back In, ed. Peter Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, and Theda Skocpol. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
———, ed. The Formation of National States in Western Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975.
Timmerman, Kenneth R. The Death Lobby: How the West Armed Iraq. London: Bantam Books, 1992.
Trimberger, Ellen Kay. Revolution from Above: Military Bureaucrats and Development in Japan, Turkey, Egypt, and Peru. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1978.
‘Ubayd, Makram. Al-kitab al-aswad. Cairo: Al-Markaz al-‘Arabiyya lil Buhuth wa al-Nashr, 1984.
‘Umar, Mahjub. “The Palestinian Ramadan War: Position and Results” (in Arabic). Shu’un Filastiniyya, (Beirut) no. 119 (n.d.)
United Nations. Statistical Yearbook, 1948. New York: United Nations, 1949.
Vandervalle, Dirk. Libya since Independence: Oil and State Building. Ithaca: Cornell, 1998.
Verba, Sidney. “Some Dilemmas in Comparative Research.” World Politics 20, no. 1 (October 1967): 111–27.
Vitalis, Robert. “The End of Third Worldism in Egypt Studies.” Arab Studies Journal 4, no. 1 (spring 1996): 13–33.
——————. “The New Deal in Egypt: The Rise of Anglo-American Commercial Rivalry in World War II and the Fall of Neocolonialism.” Diplomatic History 20, no. 2 (spring 1996): 211–40.
——————. When Capitalists Collide: Business Conflict and the End of Empire in Egypt. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1995.
Waddell, Brian. “Economic Mobilization for World War II and the Transformation of the U.S. State.” Politics and Society 22, no. 2 (June 1994): 165–94.
Waisman, Carlos. Reversal of Development in Argentina: Postwar Counterrevolutionary Policies and Their Structural Consequences. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987.
Wasserstein, Bernard. The British in Palestine: The Mandatory Government and Arab-Jewish Conflict, 1917–1929. Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell, 1991.
Waterbury, John. The Egypt of Nasser and Sadat: The Political Economy of Two Regimes. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983.
al-Wazir, Khalil. Fateh: Genesis, Rise, Evolution, Legitimate Representative—Beginnings(in Arabic). Pt. 1. N.p., 1986.
Wedeen, Lisa. Ambiguities of Domination: Politics, Rhetoric, and Symbols in Contemporary Syria. University of Chicago Press, 1999.
Weir, Margaret, and Theda Skocpol. “State Structures and the Possibilities for ‘Keynesian’ Responses to the Great Depression in Sweden, Britain, and the United States.” In Bringing the State Back In, ed. Peter Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer and Theda Skocpol. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
Weisburd, David. Jewish Settler Violence: Deviance as Social Reaction. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1989.
White, Hayden. The Content of the Form. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987.
——————. “The Question of Narrative in Contemporary Historical Theory.” In The Content of the Form. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987.
——————. “The Value of Narrativity in the Representation of Reality.” In The Content of the Form. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987.
Wickes, George, ed. Lawrence Durrell, Henry Miller: A Private Correspondence. New York: Dutton, 1963.
Wilmington, Martin W. The Middle East Supply Centre. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1971.
Wilson, Jeremy. Lawrence of Arabia: The Authorised Biography of T. E. Lawrence. London: Minerva, 1990.
Wilson, Mary. “The Hashemites, the Arab Revolt and Arab Nationalism.” In The Origins of Arab Nationalism, ed. Rashid Khalidi et al. New York: Columbia University Press, 1991.
Wolf, Eric R. Peasant Wars of the Twentieth Century. New York: Harper Row, 1969; New York: Harper Collins, 1973.
Wolfsfeld, Gadi. The Politics of Provocation: Participation and Protest in Israel. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1988.
Woloch, Isser. The New Regime: Transformations of the French Civic Order, 1789–1820s. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1994.
Yiftachel, Oren. “The Internal Frontier: Territorial Control and Ethnic Relations in Israel.” In Ethnic Frontiers and Peripheries: Landscapes of Development and Inequality in Israel, ed. Oren Yiftachel and Avinoam Meir. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1998.
Yiftachel, Oren, and Avinoam Meir, eds. Ethnic Frontiers and Peripheries: Landscapes of Development and Inequality in Israel. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1998.
Young, Nigel. “War Resistance, State and Society.” In War, State and Society, ed. Martin Shaw. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1984.
Yusif, Shihada. Palestinian Reality and the Union Movement (in Arabic). Beirut: PLO Research Center, 1973.
Al-Zaidi, Ahmad. Al-Bina‘a al-ma’nawi li al-quwwat al-musallaha al-‘Iraqiyya. Beirut: Dar al-Rawdha, 1990.
Zartman, I. William. “Opposition as Support of the State.” In Beyond Coercion: The Durability of the Arab State, ed. Adeed Dawisha and I. William Zartman. London: Croom Helm, 1988.
——————. “State-Building and the Military in Arab Africa.” In The Many Faces of National Security in the Arab World, ed. Bahgat Korany, Paul Noble, and Rex Brynen. London: Macmillan, 1993.
Zeine, Zeine N. Arab-Turkish Relations and the Emergence of Arab Nationalism. Beirut: Khayyats, 1958.