Index
A
Actual entity, 125 , 127 , 175 ;
as substance, 157 , 201 n.
Actuality, 23 , 90 , 195 , 128 , 159 , 172 n., 176 , 203
Actual occasions, 127 -128, 161 ;
as bipolar (physical-mental), 162 , 227 , 230 , 237 ;
and societies, 157
Actual-possible fallacy, 73 -76
Adequacy, 24 -25, 33 , 45
Adler, Julius, 246 n.8
Aesthetic experience, 42 -43, 206
Aggregational societies, 40 , 78 , 90 , 95 -96, 181 , 186 , 187 -188, 229 .
See also Individuals
Agnosticism, 68 , 69 , 72 -73, 88 , 105
Alexander, Samuel, 220 , 225 , 230
Amoebas, 9 , 61 , 71 , 75 , 125 , 127 n.
Aristotle, 28 , 158 , 173 , 231 , 233 n.
Armstrong, David M., 59 , 246 n.5
Ayer, A.J., 216 -217
B
Badham, Paul, 246 n.6
Barrett, Sir William, 43 , 244 n.6
Behaviorism, 64 n., 98 , 156
Beloff, John, 246 n.6
Benson, Herbert, 245 n.9
Bergson, Henri, 43 , 93 , 115 , 120 , 127 , 195 , 244 n.6
Berkeley, Bishop George, 28 , 90 , 93 , 106 , 109 , 121 , 175 , 176 , 203
Birch, Charles, xi , 28 , 248 n.1
Blackburn, Simon, 57
Blakemore, Colin, 2
Bohm, David, 43 , 93 , 114 n., 153 , 200 , 228 n., 244 n.6, 247 n.3
Bowker, John, 244 n.4
Boyle, Robert, 12 , 13
Brain:
complexity of, 36 ;
evolution of, 41 ;
and mind, 9 , 47 , 52 , 58 , 60 , 104 -106, 144 -145, 167 , 168 -169, 172 -181, 241 ;
processes and states of, 23 , 25 , 31 , 41 -42
Braude, Stephen, 36 n., 244 n.5, 245 n.12
Brentano, Franz, 126
Broad, C. D., 43 , 59 , 244 n.6
Broughton, Richard S., 244 n.5, 245 n.13
Buddhism, 114 , 157
C
Campbell, C. A., 216 -217
Campbell, Keith, 5 , 10 , 47 , 59 , 60 , 121 , 246 n.5
Capek[*] , Milic[*] , 62 , 246 n. 10, 248 nn.11, l2
Carrel, Alexis, 43 , 244 n.6
Cartesian dualism, 3 , 12 , 23 , 47 , 214 -915, 219 , 227 , 231 -232, 237 ;
element of truth in, 60 , 241 .
See also Descartes; Dualism
Cartesian intuition:
about matter (body), 7 , 46 , 60 , 76 , 84 , 85 , 91 , 100 -101, 110 , 231 ;
about mind, 7 , 46 , 100 -101, 107
Category mistake, 64 -67, 161 -162
Causal-explanatory exclusion, 29 , 164 n., 217 , 219 , 222 -223
Causa sui, 153 , 181 -182, 183 -184.
See also Self-determination
Causation:
billiard-ball, 181 ;
downward, 37 , 235 ;
effective, 182 ;
epiphenomenal, 220 , 234
(see also Epiphenomenalism);
generalization of, 160 -161;
mental,2 n., 165 n., 219 -226;
principles of, 23 -99;
sufficient, 29 -30, 213 , 222 -223.
See also Efficient causation;
Final causation;
Material cause
Chalmers, David, 173 n.
Churchland, Paul, 1 , 54 , 59 , 246 n.3.
Clarke, Desmond, 246 n.1
Cobb, John B., Jr., xi , 248 n.2
Common sense:
hard-core and soft-core, 16 -21, 25 , 32 , 34 -41, 94 -95, 145 -146, 166 , 213 , 226 ;
and science, 7 , 15 -16, 18 -19;
two types of, 7 , 15 -21, 39 ;
weak and strong, 16
Compatibilism and incompatibilism, 38 , 164 , 212 -217.
See also Freedom
Compound individuals, 40 , 94 , 116 , 156 , 162 , 178 , 180 , 185 , 186 -198, 233 ;
hierarchy of, 187 , 204 .
See also Individuals
Computers, 66 , 185 , 197 -198
Conceptual (mental) experience, 128 -129, 136 , 158 , 174 , 205
Consciousness:
altered states of, 44 ;
as central to mind-body problem, 1 -2;
content of, 10 , 132 ;
efficacy of, 37 , 44 -45, 226 ;
emergence of, 54 -58;
and experience, 2 , 9 , 10 , 71 n., 78 -79, 80 , 92 n., 106 -107, 112 , 125 -132, 127 n., 202 , 229 ;
as function of experience, 127 , 132 ;
as knowledge, discrimination, 126 , 127 ;
involves negation, 130 -131;
primacy in, 135 ;
problem of, 7 , 9 , 10 ;
as stuff of mind, 107 , 122 , 127 , 132 , 231 ;
as subjective form, 127 , 130 -132, 153 .
See also Experience
Continuity, 31 , 50 -51, 60 -61, 91
Copieston, F. C., 246 n.2
Cornell, A. D., 246 n.14
Cottingham, John, 246 n.1
Craig, Edward, 247 n.6
Creation ex nihilo,184 , 204
Creativity, creative experience, 152 , 154 , 179 , 184 , 228 -229, 232 -233;
and physicist's energy, 154 , 155 -156;
two phases of, 155 .
See also Energy; Material cause; Ultimate reality
Crookes, Sir William, 43 , 244 n.6
D
Dancy, Jonathan, 58 n.
Darwin, Charles, 119
Data, 7 , 33 .
See also Experience, given elements of
Davidson, Donald, 227
Democritean, 13 , 234
Dennett, Daniel, 1 , 23 , 52 -53, 69 -70, 75 , 79 , 83 , 87 , 132
Descartes:
on dualism, 60 -61, 118 ;
on interaction, 50 , 74 -75;
on matter, 12 , 13 , 46 -47, 82 ;
on mind, 46 ;
and Princess Elisabeth, 50 ;
on reality of conscious experience, 34 ;
on subjectivist bias, 174 -175.
See also Cartesian dualism; Cartesian intuition
Determinism, 29 , 30 , 37 -38.
See also Freedom; Quantum physics
Dual-aspect theory, 4 , 23 , 198
Dualism, 2 , 47 , 174 , 192 ;
Cartesian, 3 , 12 , 23 , 47 , 214 -215, 219 , 227 , 231 -232;
conceptual, 6 , 47 ;
disciplinary, 240 -241;
epiphenomenalist, 215
(see also Epiphenomenalism);
interactionist, 3 , 23 , 47 , 49 -50, 60 ;
Kantian, 240 ;
ontological, 31 , 47 , 188 , 194 ;
parallelist, 47 ;
and psychical research, 59 ;
problems of, 3 , 49 -51, 60 -76;
property, 48 , 58 ;
substance, 48 ;
vicious, 161 -162;
and wishful-and-fearful thinking, 12 -14
Dualism and materialism:
common problems of, 60 -76;
common root of, 46 -47, 60 , 76 ;
as only kinds of realism, 2 -3;
standoff between, 2 -6, 46 , 91
Duality, organizational, 188 -189, 241
Ducasse, C. J., 44 , 50 , 59 , 244 n.6
Dukas, Helen, 113 n.
Duration, 49 n., 102 , 112 -114, 115 , 120 , 197 , 144 , 148 , 154 , 157 , 161
E
Easlea, Brian, 243 nn.2, 3, 5
Eccles, John, 3 , 51 , 52 , 65 , 95 , 97 , 247 n.8
Edelman, Gerald M., 2 , 93
Edge, Hoyt L., 244 n.5
Edwards, Paul, 82 , 96 -97, 247 nn.6, 7
Efficient causation, 28 -29;
and final causation, 31 , 49 -50, 157 -159, 182 , 240 n., 241 ;
Hume on, 34 , 35 , 50 , 58 , 121 , 133 , 146 ;
knowledge of, 58 , 133 ;
as real influence (vs. constant conjunction), 28 , 34 , 50 , 133 .
See also Causation
Einstein, Albert, 113 , 188 , 230
Eisenbud, Jule, 246 n.13
Elimination of all alternatives, 26 , 81
Eliminative materialism, 4 , 14 n., 19 , 25 , 35 , 37 , 38 , 54 , 220 -221
Elisabeth, Princess, 50 , 74
Elsasser, Walter, 191 n., 200 n.
Emergence, 54 -58, 63 -76;
magical and radical, 168 n.;
naturalistic explanation of, 66 -67, 69 , 70 -74, 196 -197
Emotion, 139 -140, 149 , 153 .
See also Subjective form
Endurance, 156 -162.
See also Self-identity
Energy:
as abstraction, 123 , 154 , 182 ;
conservation of, 51 , 213 -214;
enlargement of, 155 -156, 228 ;
psychic, 51 , 155 , 167 , 208 ;
two phases of, 155 -156.
See also Creativity
Epiphenomenalism, 5 , 37 , 47 -48, 60 , 215 , 220 -226, 234
Epistemology, 27 , 132 -146;
and hard-core commonsense notions, 17 , 58 -59, 133 -134;
sensationist, 43 , 58 -59, 141 -142
Erickson, Millard J., 13 n.
Eternal objects, 183 , 205 , 228 .
See also Possibilities
Events, 49 n., 157 .
See also Actual occasions
Experience:
aesthetic, 42 -43, 206 ;
and consciousness, 9 , 71 n., 78 , 79 n., 80 , 92 n., 106 -107, 112 , 127 n., 202 ;
creative, 152 , 154 ;
and duration, 102 , 112 -114, 148
(see also Duration);
efficacy of, 37 , 44 -45;
emotional, 139 -140;
as feeling, 104 n., 112 ;
as fundamental feature of mind, 7 , 78 ;
given elements of, 137 -138, 149 ;
human, 118 , 124 -125;
logical, 26 , 40 -41, 42 , 205 -206;
mathematical, 42 , 205 ;
moral, 26 , 41 , 42 -43, 205 -206;
obvious facts of, 19 -20;
physical, 128 , 205 ;
religious, 26 , 43 , 206 ;
self-conscious, 9 , 10 ;
in single-celled organisms, 9 -10;
stream of, 158 ;
as stuff of mind, 127 , 154 ;
topsy-turvy interpretation of, 135 -136;
unity of, 35 -36, 52 ;
what-it's-likeness of, 64 , 68 , 105 .
See also Consciousness; Occasions of experience; Panexperientialism
External world, 34 , 58 , 138
Extrasensory perception, 30 , 59 , 111 , 206 -207.
See also Nonsensory perception; Telepathy and clairvoyance
Evolution, 3 , 9 , 10 , 31 , 41 , 123 , 189 , 233 ;
and time, 62 -63, 92 ;
neo-Darwinian theory of, 31
F
Fallacy of misplaced concreteness, 117 , 119 , 122 , 191 n.
Farleigh, Peter, xi
Fechner, Gustav, 93 , 95
Feeling, 107 n., 112 , 118 , 248 ;
causal, 153 ;
conceptual (mental), 128 -129, 136 , 153 , 158 , 174 , 205 ;
intellectual, 127 , 130 -131;
physical, 128 , 152 ;
virtual synonym for prehension, 128 .
See also Prehension
Feigl, Herbert, 59 , 62 n., 246 n.5
Final causation, 49 -50;
and efficient causation, 31 , 49 -50, 157 -159, 240 n., 241 ;
as reasons, 69 -70;
as self-determination, 31 , 51 , 153 , 182 .
See also Causa sui; Self-determination
Flammarion, Camille, 245 n.6
Flanagan, Owen, 1 , 31 , 37 , 61 , 67 -68, 73 , 79
Folk:
beliefs, 38 ;
empiricism, 174 ;
philosophy, 101 ;
physics, 173 ;
psychology, 42 n., 104 , 173
Ford, Marcus P., 178
Foundationalism, 21
Fraser, J. T., 62 -63
Freedom, 37 -40, 163 -217;
as central to mind-body problem, 1 , 2 ;
compatibilist and incompatibilist views of, 38 , 164 , 212 -213;
and compound individuals, 40 ;
as difficulty for materialism, 52 -54;
distinctively human, 193 -198, 203 -209;
and dualism, 40 ;
moral and metaphysical, 164 , 209 -217;
Pickwickian, 164 n;
as presupposed in practice, 2 , 37 -40, 53 , 97 , 163 , 164 , 212 , 216 -217, 232 ;
as self-determination, 37 -38, 167 , 181 -185, 213 -214, 217 .
See also Determinism; Final causation; Self-determination
Freud, Sigmund, 44 , 107 , 127 n., 245 n.6
G
Galilei, Galileo, 13
Gamwell, Franklin I., 248 n.2
Gassendi, Pierre, 13
Gauld, Alan, 245 n.8, 246 n.14
Geulincx, Arnold, 47 , 50 , 246 n.2
Ghost in the machine, 50 , 167
Gier, Nicholas, 152 n.
God, 204 , 205 -206.
See also Theism
Goldbeter, A., 246 n.8
Great Exception, 61 -62
Greenfield, Susan, 2
Griffin, David Ray, 243 n.3, 244 n.5, 247 nn.5, 11, 248 nn.1, 4, 10
Griffin, Donald, xi , 247 n.9
Grünbaum, Adolf, 62 , 63 , 246 n.9
H
Haack, Susan, 11 , 243 n.1
Hannay, Alastair, 1
Hard-core commonsense notions, 16 -21, 25 , 32 , 34 -41, 94 -95, 145 -146, 166 , 213 , 226 ;
knowledge of, 17 , 58 -59, 133 -134;
and scientific worldview, 32 , 39 -40
Hart, W. D., 51 , 155
Hartshorne, Charles, xi , 23 n., 152 , 248 nn.2, 3 ;
on compound individuals, 82 , 178 , 185 , 204 ;
on Husserl and Wordsworth, 149 -150;
as panpsychist, 78 n., 81 , 93 , 95 -97;
and Whitehead's philosophy, 116 , 149 -150
Hegel, G. W. E, 27 , 101
Helm, Paul, 243 n.1
Henry, Granville, xi
Hiley, Basil, 114 n., 153 , 200 , 228 n., 247 n.3
Ho, Mae-Won, 248 n.3
Hobbes, Thomas, 82
Hoffman, Banesh, 113 n.
Honderich, Ted, 37
Hook, Sydney, 62 n.
Hume, David:
on conceptual and physical experience, 129 , 136 , 205 ;
on efficient causation, 34 , 35 , 50 , 58 , 121 , 133 , 146 ;
empiricism of, 129 , 136 , 174 ;
on external world, 34 , 58 , 133 ;
on induction, 111 , 211 ;
on practice, 18
Humility, 27 , 32
Humphrey, Nicholas, 1 , 59 , 70 -71, 75 , 80 , 83
Husserl, Edmund, 149 -150
I
Idealism, 28 , 90 , 93 , 159 , 176 , 178
Ideals, 205 .
See also Norms
Individuals (vs. aggregates), 40 , 78 n., 90 , 95 -96, 97 , 151 -152, 159 , 186 , 233 , 239 , 247 n.5;
enduring, 156 -162;
in strictest sense, 147 .
See also Compound individuals
Influence at a distance, 13 , 30 , 207 -208
Instant, 49 n., 120
Intellectual feelings (prehensions), 127 , 130 -131
Intentionality, xi , 126 , 144 , 152 n.;
conscious, 131 , 152 n.;
incipient, 130 n., 152 n.;
physical and mental, 153
Interactionism, 48 , 60 , 171 ;
dualistic, 3 , 23 , 47 , 51 , 60 , 167 , 169 , 214 -215;
naturalistic, 31 ;
nondualistic (panexperientialist), 23 , 48 , 49 -50, 51 , 92 , 167 , 181 , 193 , 215 , 235 , 241 .
See also Causation, downward
Introspection, 100 -101, 134
J
Jacob, James R., 243 n.2
James, William:
on consciousness, 107 , 127 ;
on drops of perception, 115 , 157 ;
on habits of nature, 156 ;
and panpsychism, 93 , 177 -180;
and psychical research, 44 , 59 , 245 n.6;
on white crows, 21
Janet, Pierre, 44 , 245 n.6
Jung, Carl, 127 n.
K
Kane, Robert, 78 n.
Kant, Immanuel, 23 , 247 n.1;
on limits to knowledge, 27 , 101 ;
on panpsychism, 83 -84, 87 , 102 -103, 106 , 112 , 125 , 161 ;
on practical reason, 221 , 240
Kim, Jaegwon, x;
on causal-explanatory exclusion, 29 , 164 n., 217 , 219 , 222 -223;
on eliminative materialism, 220 -221;
on epiphenomenalism, 37 ;
on intractability of mind-body problem, 4 , 219 , 225 ;
on laws, 219 ;
on mental causation, 2 n., 165 n., 219 -226;
on naturalizing mind, 30 n.;
on norms, 42 n.;
on supervenience, 3 n., 8 , 56 n., 57 n., 85 n., 218 -242
Klaaren, Eugene, 243 nn.3, 4
Kneale, William, 221
Koshland, D. E., Jr., 246 n.8
Koyré, Alexandre, 243 n.4
Krippner, Stanley, 244 n.5
Kuhn, Thomas, 11
L
Law of large numbers, 167 , 168 , 186 , 214
Laws of nature, 166 -167, 219 ;
as descriptire or prescriptive, 190 -193, 239 ;
as habits, 156 , 195 , 239 ;
as imposed, 119 , 239 ;
predictive, 237 -241;
two kinds of, 239
Leibniz:
on individuals and aggregates, 95 , 96 , 97 , 198 -199;
on panpsychism, 93 ;
on windowless monads, 84 , 97 , 158 , 159
Lenoble, Robert, 243 n.5
Levin, Michael E., 62
Lewin, Roger, 244 n.3
Lewis, H. D., 50 , 74 -75
Life, 195 -196
Living person, 196 -197
Locke, John, 27 , 58 , 67 , 118
Logic, 26 , 40 -41, 42 , 205 -206
Lotze, Hermann, 93
Lovejoy, Arthur, 22 n.
Lycan, William, xi , 1 , 27 , 212 -217
Lyell, Charles, 196 -197
M
McGinn, Colin, xi , 59 , 62 , 125 ;
and actual-possible fallacy, 74 ;
agnosticism of, 67 -68, 72 -73, 105 -106;
bottom-up and top-down strategies of, 107 -108, 122 ;
on causation, 42 , 181 , 205 ;
on consciousness as stuff of mind; 107 ;
on emergence (supervenience), xi , 66 -68, 200 -201;
on equation of experience and consciousness, 127 n.;
on freedom, 38 , 53 , 163 ;
on intentionality, 129 , 144 ;
on intractability of mind-body problem, 1 , 4 , 5 , 10 , 24 , 54 , 67 , 87 , 121 , 201 ;
on introspection and sensory perception, 100 -101, 103 -105, 107 -108, 121 , 139 ;
on limits to knowledge, 27 ;
on logical norms, 40 ;
on naturalism, 30 , 66 -67, 69 , 70 -74, 78 -79;
on neurons, 10 , 82 -83;
on nonconstructive solution, 71 -72;
on radical conceptual innovation, 5 , 91 , 98 -116
Madell, Geoffrey, xi , 3 , 79 , 80 , 121
Magic, 71 , 168 n.
Malebranche, Nicolas, 47 , 50 , 246 n.2
Marcel, Gabriel, 44 , 245 n.6
Material cause, 231 -233
Materialism, 48 -49;
agnostic, 68 , 69 , 72 -73, 88 , 105 ;
as descended from dualism (post-Cartesian), 13 -14, 83 , 231 ;
eliminatire, 4 , 14 n., 19 , 25 , 35 , 37 , 38 , 54 , 220 -221;
as faith, 73 n., 88 , 203 ;
nonreductire, 241 ;
not required by science, 31 -32;
panpsychist, 89 , 93 ;
problems of, 52 -76;
scientific, 117 , 121 ;
as type of dualism, 6 , 77 ;
as type of physicalism, 3 n., 93 , 227 .
See also Dualism and materialism; Physicalism
Mathematics, 42 , 205
Matter:
at an instant, 49 n., 120 , 157 ;
Cartesian intuition of, 7 , 46 , 60 , 76 , 84 , 85 , 91 , 100 -101, 110 , 231 ;
Democritean view of, 13 , 234 ;
and spatiality, 49 n.;
as simply located, 119 ;
as vacuous, 120 , 157 .
Mental causation, 2 n., 165 n., 219 -226.
See also Epiphenomenalism; Experience, efficacy of
Mentality:
as appetition, 161 ;
contrasted with physicality, 6 , 54 -55;
meaning of, 118 , 200 -201;
as nonspatial, 161 -163;
as not requiring consciousness, 129 .
See also Conceptual (mental) experience
Mental pole, 153 , 162 , 200 , 227 , 228
Mereological, 220 , 223 , 233 , 234 , 235
Mersenne, Marin, 13
Mind:
cosmic, 203 -209;
naturalization of, 7 , 30 n., 31 , 78 , 89 -90, 118 , 121 ;
as unification, 124 -125, 127 , 144 -145
Mind-body problem, 1 , 9 , 117 ;
as intractable, 1 -6, 10 , 14 , 24 , 54 , 87 , 225 -226;
as philosophical problem, 1 , 2 , 10 ;
as scientific problem, 2 , 7 , 10 ;
seven snarls of, 7 ;
as world-knot, 1 , 7
Miracles, 13 , 30 , 31 , 66 , 69 , 70 , 72 , 206 .
See also Magic
Monads, 84 , 97 , 158 , 159
Monism, 48 ;
materialistic, 48 , 80 , 103 -106;
nonmaterialistic, 48 ;
pluralistic, 48 , 103 -105
Montague, W. P., 93
Moore, G. E., 17
Moral:
experience, 26 , 41 , 42 -43;
responsibility, 164 , 209 -217
Morgan, C. Lloyd, 56 n.
Morris, Robert L., 244 n.5
N
Nagel, Thomas, xi ;
on commonsense intuitions, 16 , 20 ;
on considering all alternatives, 26 , 81 -82;
on emergence, 63 -64, 67 -68;
on epistemology, 27 ;
on faulty analogies, 57 , 65 ;
on freedom, 38 , 165 ;
on intractability of mind-body problem, 2 , 10 , 24 , 54 , 121 ;
on objectivity of values, 43 ;
on panpsychism, 49 , 62 , 81 -82, 85 , 94 ;
on part-whole relation, 81 -82, 180 ;
on points of view (subjectivity), 54 , 62 , 65 , 151 ;
on radical speculation, 5 , 27 , 91 ;
on scientism, 32 , 44 ;
on subjective universals, 151 ;
on subjectivity and objectivity, 54 , 55 ;
on unity of consciousness, 36
Naturalism, 30 , 121 ;
and commonsense notions, 17 , 59 ;
and determinism, 30 ;
and efficacy of norms, 205 ;
and emergence of experience, 66 -67, 69 , 70 -74;
and emergence of human experience, 196 -197;
and interactionism, 31 ;
and nonsensory perception, 206 -208;
and paranormal influence, 30 ;
and physicaliam, 30 ;
and qualities, 145 ;
and Renaissance, 13 ;
and theism, 30 , 73 , 204 -206
Neurons:
as insentient, 10 , 21 , 71 , 74 , 75 , 108 , 110 , 131 ;
as sentient, 9 -10, 82 -83, 107 , 110 , 197 -198
Newton, Isaac, 12 -13, 47 , 62
Noncontradiction, 21 , 24 , 180 , 216
Nondualistic interactionism, 23 , 43 , 49 -50, 51 , 60 , 167 , 169 , 214 -215
Nonsensory perception, 42 -44, 109 , 111 , 134 , 146 -150, 203 -209
Norms, 40 -41, 42 n., 58 -59, 204 -205;
efficacy of, 221
Novelty, 194 -197;
canalization of, 195 ;
as central to definition of humankind, 196 , 208 -209;
prehension of, 205
O
Objectivity, 26 -27, 55 , 97 -99, 151
Occasionalism, 246 n.2
Occasions of experience, 127 -130, 158 -159, 201 n.;
dominant (presiding, regnant), 179 , 186 , 197 , 228 , 235 ;
phases of, 128 -130;
subjective and objective modes of, 159 -169, 180 , 200 -201
Ochs, Peter, 244 n.5, 248 n.5
Ontological principle, 28 , 204 -205, 229
Organizational duality, 188 -189, 241
Owen, A. R. G., 246 n.14
P
Palmer, John, 244 n.5
Panexperientialism:
alleged implausibility of, 93 -94;
alleged unintelligibility of, 94 -97;
as alternative to physicalism, 3 n., 218 ;
as better term than panpsychism, 78 , 107 ;
as form of physicalism, 3 n., 129 n., 218 , 227 -242;
and freedom, 97 ;
as fully naturalizing mind, 77 -116;
identist (twoaspect) and interactionist, 178 , 181 , 198 ;
as monistic, 90 ;
as naturalistic, 90 , 92 ;
as neglected form of realism, 79 -89;
objections to, 92 -98;
and parallelism, 97 ;
reasons to consider, 89 -92;
and science, 97 -98;
its standard of actuality, 174 , 176 , 180 -181;
as third form of realism, 7 , 26 , 77 -78, 79 .
See also Panpsychism
Panpsychism:
as alternative to standard views, 6 ;
as problematic synonym for panexperientialism, 78 , 107 ;
two types of, 75 -76, 160 , 178 , 198 .
See also Panexperientialism
Paradigmatic thinking, 7 , 10 , 14
Paranormal influence, 30 .
See also Extrasensory perception; Telepathy and clairvoyance; Psychokinesis
Parapsychology, psychical research, 59 n., 206 , 244 nn.5, 6 , 245 n.13, 246 n.14
Parsimony, 28 , 62
Part-whole relation, 81 -82, 85 ;
experiential, 94 , 116 , 162 , 177 -179, 180 , 235 -236.
See also Compound individuals
Passmore, John, 49 , 74
Past, reality of, 34 , 58 , 133 -134
Peirce, C. S., 17 , 21 , 37 , 93 , 156
Penrose, Roger, 2
Perception:
basic, 111 , 134 ;
buds or drops of, 127 , 157 ;
and causation, 111 -112;
extrasensory, 30 , 59 , 111 , 206 -207;
in mode of causal efficacy, 133 -134;
in mode of presentational immediacy, 134 -141;
in mode of symbolic reference, 135 ;
nonsensory, 42 -44, 109 , 111 , 134 , 146 -150, 203 -209;
sensory, 34 , 41 -42, 58 .
See also Prehension
Peters, Ted, 247 n.5
Phenomenology, 149 -150
Phillips, Stephen H., 78 n.
Philosophy:
Anglo-American, 115 ;
anti-metaphysical, 119 ;
as critic of abstractions, 121 ;
folk, 101 ;
ordinary language, 115 ;
modern, 1
Physical feelings (prehensions), 128 , 152 , 158 , 175 ;
hybrid, 195 ;
pure, 194 -195
Physicalism:
materialist, 3 n., 8 , 218 , 226 -227, 229 ;
panexperientialist, 3 n., 129 n., 218 , 227 -242;
as synonym for materialism, 3 n., 227 ;
two-aspect, 4 n.;
types of, 4
Physicality:
contrasted with mentality, 6 ;
experiential and nonexperiential, 86 -87;
meaning of, 28 , 55 , 87 -88, 118 , 158 , 200 -201, 203 ;
as spatial, 162
Physical-mental entities, 230 , 232
Physical pole, 162 , 200 , 227
Physical purposes, 130 , 152 n.
Physics:
abstracts, 123 , 156 , 182 , 191 n.;
as behaviorist, 156 ;
descriptive scheme of, 86 -88;
as fundamental science, 220 ;
generalizations from, 157 -162;
inner, 151 , 155 ;
qualitative-character-of-experience, 86 , 151 , 159 ;
quantum, 31 , 39 , 52 , 61 , 94 , 113 ;
and philosophy, 123 n.;
relativity, 113
Physiology, 118 , 192 ;
physical and psychological, 151
Plantinga, Alvin, 244 n.4
Plato, 12
Point of view, 27 , 55 , 69 , 83 , 151
Pollock, John, 1
Popper, Karl, 3 , 10 , 50 , 65 ;
on freedom, 38 , 40 ;
on panpsychism, 95 , 97 ;
on solid material bodies, 94 -95, 138
Possibilities, 128 -129, 183 , 195 , 204 -205, 209
Prehension, 126 , 128 ;
intellectual, 127 , 130 -131;
mental (conceptual), 128 -129, 136 , 158 , 174 , 205 ;
objective datum of, 128 ;
physical, 128 , 152 , 158 , 175 ;
propositional, 129 -130, 152 -153
(see also Physical purposes);
subjective form of, 128 ;
as virtual synonym for feeling, 128
Presentational immediacy, 134 -141
Price, H. H., 44 , 59 , 245 n.6, 246 n.6
Primary and secondary qualities, 109 -110, 121 , 140 -141
Propositions, 129 -130, 152 -153
Psychic energy, 51 , 155 , 167 , 208
Psychokinesis, 45 , 60 , 245 n.13. 246 n.14
Psychology:
behaviorist, 64 n., 98 ;
vernacular (intentional, folk), 42 n., 104 , 221 , 240
Psychosomatic influence, 44 -45
Q
Quantum physics, 177 -178;
completeness of, 199 -200;
Copenhagen theory of, 31 ;
and duration, 113 ;
and indeterminacy, 39 , 52 , 61 , 94 , 166 -167, 168 , 169 , 186 , 199 -200, 214 , 228 n.;
ontological interpretation of, 114 n., 153 , 200
Quine, Willard, 58 n.
R
Rayleigh, Lord (John William Strutt), 44 , 245 n.6
Realism:
definition of, 7 , 26 , 28 ;
panexperientialism as form of, 7 , 26 ;
three forms of, 7 , 26
Reformed subjectivist principle, 174 , 248 n.1
Regulative principles, 7 , 23 , 32 ;
formal, 22 , 24 -28;
substantive, 22 , 28 -32
Reid, Thomas, 16 -17, 50 , 243 nn.1, 2, 244 n.4, 246 n.2
Relations, 158 -159, 233
Religious experience, 26 , 43 , 203 , 206
Rensch, Bernard, 93 , 95 , 247 n.4
Rescher, Nicholas, 184 n.
Responsibility, moral, 164 , 183 -184
Richet, Charles, 44 , 245 n.6
Robinson William S., 4 , 10 , 37 , 54 , 121
Roll, William G., 246 n.14
Rosenfield, Israel, 2
Rosenfield, Leonora Cohen, 13 n.
Rush, Joseph H., 244 n.5, 245 n.13
Russell, Robert John, 248 n.2
Ryle, Gilbert, 64
S
Sacks, Oliver, 244 n.2
Santayana, George, 34 , 58 , 133 , 244 n.1
Schiller, F. C. S., 96
Schmeidler, Gertrude, 245 n.13
Schmidt, Helmut, 245 n.13
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 1
Science:
and common sense, 7 , 15 -16, 18 -19, 38 -39;
and freedom, 38 -39, 163 -70;
Galilean-Newtonian-Einsteinian, 188 , 239 ;
and materialism (physicalism), 31 , 98 ;
and mind-body problem, 2 , 7 ;
and objectivity, 97 -98;
and panexperientialism, 97 -98;
unity of, 90 , 98 , 188 -189
Scientific materialism, 117 , 121
Scientific worldview, 31 -32
Seager, William, xi ;
on combination problem, 162 , 177 -178, 202 -203;
on consciousness, 62 , 127 n.;
on data, 24 ;
earlier and later positions of, 80 n., 91 ;
on intractability of mind-body problem, 4 , 10 , 54 , 62 ;
on panpsychism, 80 , 91 -92, 92 n., 93 -94, 95 n., 162 , 177 -178, 202 ;
on parapsychological evidence, 59 ;
on quantum theory, 199 -200;
on regulative principles, 29 , 23 ;
on science, 32 , 90 ;
on supervenience, 56 -57
Searle, John, xi ;
on bottom-up explanation, 168 -169;
on common sense, 15 -16, 39 -40;
on conceptual dualism, 6 , 47 , 54 -55, 77 , 91 , 110 ;
on efficacy of consciousness, 37 ;
on eliminative materialism, 34 -35, 37 , 169 -170;
on emergence, 54 -58, 61 , 63 ;
on fearful thinking, 12 ;
on freedom, 38 -40, 53 , 163 -170, 184 ;
on materialism, 5 -6, 12 , 49 , 54 , 78 ;
on objectivity, 98 ;
on obvious facts, 23 , 25 , 146 ;
on part-whole relations, 169 , 177 ;
on property polyism, 58 , 64 -65;
on subjectivity, 62 , 90 , 106 ;
on unity of experience, 36 , 52 ;
worldview of, 167 -169, 189 , 190
Self-consciousness, 9 , 10
Self-consistency, 23 , 24 , 25 , 33 .
See also Non-contradiction
Self-determination (-causation,-motion):
as final causation, 31 , 153 , 182 ;
as fundamental feature of mind, 7 , 12 , 29 ;
as involved in freedom, 37 -38, 167 , 181 -185, 213 -214, 217 ;
and spontaneity, 79 n.
See also Causa sui; Freedom
Self-identity, 114 , 134 .
See also Endurance
Sensa, 139
Sensationism, 43 , 58 -59, 141 -142, 157
Sensory perception:
conceptions based on, 34 , 100 -112;
as derivative mode of perception, 34 , 132 -133, 135 -136, 142 -143;
as spatial, 99 , 102 , 108 , 120 ;
two types of, 109 -110, 137 n.
See also Nonsensory perception
Shimony, Abner, 228 n.
Sidgwick, Henry, 44 , 245 n.6
Siegel, Bernie S., 245 n.9
Simple location, 119 -120, 137 , 144 , 147 -148, 150 , 158
Simplest things, 121 , 156
Simplicity, 27 -28, 62
Smart, J.J.C., 63
Societies:
spatiotemporal, 185 -186;
temporally (personally) ordered, 157 , 159 , 196
Solipsism, 34 , 58 , 133 , 174 -175, 176
Soul:
as different in kind from matter, 13 ;
as immortal, 12 .
See also Dualism; Mind
Space, spatial, 49 n., 99 , 108 , 112 -113, 127 , 148 , 161 -162
Spatialization, 120 , 122 -123, 139 -140
Sperry, Roger, 37 -38, 53
Spinoza, Benedict, Spinozism, 82 , 95 , 160
Spontaneity:
as criterion of individuality, 186 ;
as fundamental feature of mind, 78 ;
as rudimentary form of self-determination, 79 n.
See also Self-determination
Sprigge, Timothy, 247 n.6
Stanford, Rex, 244 n.5, 245 n.13
Strawson, Galen, xi , 5 n.;
agnosticism of, 88 , 105 -106, 121 ;
on eliminative materialism, 14 n., 25 , 34 -35;
on equation of experience and consciousness, 2 , 106 n., 107 n., 127 n.;
on experience as a substance, 201 n.;
on intractability of mindbody problem, 2 , 4 , 87 , 114 n., 122 ;
on introspection, 106 ;
on materialism, 48 -49, 73 n., 86 -89;
on naturalism, 66 n.;
on nature of matter, 5 , 86 -89, 122 , 123 n., 138 n.;
on panpsychism, 6 , 86 -89, 91 , 93 ;
on qualitative physics, 86 , 151 , 159 ;
on supervenience, 57 ;
on theoretical homogeneity, 90
Strawson, Peter, xi , 5 n., 209 -212, 217
Strong AI, 66 .
See also Computers
Stuff, 107 , 122 , 127 , 132 , 154 , 231 , 232 n., 235
Subjective aim, 153
Subjective form, 127 , 128 , 130 -132, 153 .
See also Emotion
Subjective universals, 151 -154
Subjectivism:
good and bad, 175 ;
reformed, 174 , 175 .
See also Solipsism
Subjectivist bias, 174 -175
Subjectivity, 27 , 54 , 62 , 64 , 65 , 68 , 90 , 105 , 106 , 151
Subjects and objects, 158 -160
Substance, 157 , 201 n.
Sufficient cause, 29 -30, 213 , 222 -223, 232
Superject, 230
Supernaturalism, 30 , 47 , 64 n., 77 , 204 ;
and commonsense notions, 17 , 59 ;
and emergence, 66 -67, 196 -197;
and interactionism, 50 .
See also Theism
Supervenience, 56 -57, 85 n., 218 -242;
constitutive vs. correlative (causal), 56 -57;
mereological, 220 , 223 , 234 , 235 ;
as synonym for emergence, 56 n., 235
Swinburne, Richard, 67 n.
T
Tart, Charles, 245 n.7
Telepathy and clairvoyance, 26 , 43 , 59 , 206 -207.
See also Extrasensory perception;
Influence at a distance;
Parapsychology
Tennyson, Alfred, 165 , 191
Theism:
naturalistic, 30 , 73 , 204 -206;
supernaturalistic, 17 , 30 , 47 , 50 , 64 n., 66 -67, 77 , 196 -197, 204 .
See also God; Mind, cosmic
Thurston, Herbert, 245 n. 10
Time:
knowledge of, 58 , 133 ;
and matter, 49 n.;
reality of, 23 , 34 , 58 , 62 -63, 92 , 113 ;
relative view of, 113 -114.
See also Duration
Tse, Wing-Wai, 246 n.8
U
Ultimate reality, 152 , 179 , 184 , 232 -233, 235
Units of nature, 78 n., 119 -120, 147 , 157 -158
Unity:
of bodily behavior, 36 , 52 ;
of experience, 35 -36, 52 ;
of science, 90 , 98 , 188 -189
V
Vacuous actuality, 120 , 122 , 137 , 150 , 176 , 189 , 202 , 203 , 229 , 233
Valenza, Robert, xi
Value, 141 , 154 , 159 .
See also Ideals; Norms
Viney, Donald Wayne, 246 n.1
Vitalism, 31 , 92 -93, 191 n.
Von Neumann, John, 200 n.
W
Waddington, C. H., 93 , 247 n.3
What-it's-like-ness, 64 , 68 , 105
Where to draw the line, 60 -62
Whitehead, Alfred North, xi , 115 , 117 -209 passim;
on adequacy, 45 ;
on assemblage, 33 ;
on avoiding dualism, 79 , 137 ;
on bodily basis of sensory perception, 35 , 41 -42;
on boldness and humility, 27 ;
bottom-up and top-down approaches of, 122 -123, 124 ;
as commonsense philosopher, 17 -21;
on eliminativism, 27 , 37 , 38 ;
as exemplar of panpsychism, 81 , 82 , 93 , 95 -97;
on external world, 34 ;
on freedom, 38 ;
major works of, 115 n., 123 ;
on matter, 49 n.76 , 119 -124;
metaphysical period of', 115 ;
on naturalism, 30 ;
on new ideas, 91 ;
on ontological principle, 28 ;
originality of, 157 ;
on perception of causal efficacy, 35 ;
as philosopher of mind-body problem, 118 -119;
on philosophy of natural science, 115 n.;
on unifying control, 36 ;
on vitalism, 93
Williams, Bernard, 75
Wills, Christopher, 41
Wishful-and-fearful thinking, 7 , 11 -14, 26
World-knot, 1 , 7
Wright, Sewall, 71 , 93 , 247 n.3