M

Maathai, Wangari, 1

Machakos district, 79 , 165

Maendeleo ya Wanawake:

KANU absorbs, 169

Magugu, Arthur, 55

Maize and Produce Board, 83

Maize crisis:

in Rift Valley Province, 80 , 82 –84, 117

Makanda Kabobi Institute (Zaire), 206

Malindi district, 79

Malumba, Etienne Tshisikedi wa, 222

Mandela, Nelson, 215

Mango, Mukasa, 148

Markovitz, Irving Leonard, 18 , 221

Masai community, 51 , 79 , 116 ;

in 1977 elections, 120 –21

Masailand, 91

Masai Reserve, 81

Masai United Front, 121

Matajiri class, 23 , 71 , 133 , 136 , 162 –63, 173 , 180 , 184 , 187 ;

protests clientelism, 175 ;

protests KANU's poor performance, 174 –75, 195 , 201

Matano, Robert, 147 –48, 159 ;

in 1985 elections, 152 ;

in 1977 elections, 121

Matatu Association of Kenya, 182

Matatu Vehicle Owners Association (MVOA):

opposes government regulation, 182 –83

Matatus (public transport vehicles):

poor safety records of, 182 –83

Mathare, 153

"Mathina ma Matiba" (song), 183

Mathira constituency, 155

Matiba, Kenneth Stanley, 147 –48, 163 , 183 , 197 ;

arrested and detained, 176 , 194 –96;

background of, 173 ;

loses in rigged election, 174 ;

in 1979 elections, 174 ;

opposes Moi, 172 , 174 –76, 179 , 181 , 188 , 220 –21;

purged from KANU, 167 ;

and tea industry, 186 –87;

urges formation of opposition parties, 174 , 192

"Mau Mau" Detainee (Kariuki), 86

Mau Mau organization:

Central Committee, 52 , 147 , 149 ;

Kenyatta's relations with, 51 –52

Mau Mau uprising, 55 , 61 , 70 , 73 , 78 , 86 , 89 , 139 , 148 –49, 154 , 177 –78, 200 , 212 ;

Kikuyu and, 41 , 43 , 49 ;

Moi and, 135

Mbiri constituency, 148 , 173

Mbita constituency, 99

Mbori, J. E., 97

Mboya, Tom, 44 , 53 , 57 , 59 , 135 ;

assassinated, 114 , 136 ;

and political repression, 67 ;

"Sessional Paper Number 10 on the Application of Planning to Afri-

can Socialism," 57 , 62 , 199 ;

on "straddling," 71

Mbuya, Paul, 123 –24

Meru community, 94

Meru district, 79 , 95 , 116 , 146

Migdal, Joel, 11

Migure, G. O., 99

Mobutu Sese Seko, 205 –7;

legalizes opposition political parties, 222 ;

political strategy of, 206 , 223 –24;

relationships with the Zairian military, 223

Moi, Daniel arap, 4 , 15 , 17 , 31 –32, 37 , 47 , 58 –59, 76 , 87 , 88 , 96 –97, 204 ;

abolishes parliamentary privilege, 146 ;

arrests and detains journalists, 166 ;

attacks Njonjo, 147 –48;

attempts to control export–crop sector, 183 –87, 203 ;

attempts to control pressure groups, 125 ;

attempts to control transportation sector, 181 –83, 201 , 203 , 221 ;

attempts to repress lawyers, 189 –90, 203 ;

background of, 134 –35;

civil service under, 137 , 151 –52, 163 , 165 , 179 ;

and clientelism, 139 –40, 200 –201;

and coffee industry, 184 –86;

creates division among his competition, 141 ;

defends single-party system, 215 ;

designated acting president, 125 ;

dislikes debate, 136 ;

dissolves KANU disciplinary committee, 167 ;

eliminates GEMA, 142 –43;

and evolution of party-state, 129 , 162 –63;

and GEMA, 110 –11;

GEMA challenges in Parliament, 122 –23;

given emergency powers in peacetime, 137 ;

governmental strategy of, 1 –2, 19 , 33 , 35 –37, 131 –32, 198 –99;

halts land reform programs, 128 ;

as head of police and security forces, 135 ;

helps form KADU, 134 ;

informal economic sector as strong base for, 193 ;

joins KANU, 134 ;

KCGA opposes, 184 ;

as Kenyatta's successor, 111 , 128 –29;

KPCU opposes, 184 ;

lack of economic growth and development under, 179 –81;

legalizes opposition political parties, 196 –97, 199 , 215 ;

liberalized KANU, 224 ;

and Mau Mau uprising, 135 ;

as minister for home affairs, 134 –35;

New Year's speech (1989), 169 –70;

in 1977 elections, 119 –22, 124 –25;

in 1979 elections, 125 –28, 152 ;

in 1985 elections, 156 ;

opposes resource allocation, 104 –5;

opposition to, 172 –77;

and personalization of power, 163 –64, 166 –68, 171 , 214 , 228 ;

political fears of, 143 –44;

political repression by, 67 , 101 –2, 104 , 143 –45, 162 –63, 219 ;

political strategy and personality of, 130 –34, 141 , 218 ;

power struggle with GEMA, 111 –12, 114 –16;

preference for police force, 136 –37;

protects his private business interests, 179 , 214 ;

reinstates detention laws, 146 , 204 ;

releases political detainees, 130 –31, 137 , 139 ;

reopens detention camps, 144 ;

reorganizes KPCU, 185 ;

reorganizes KTDA, 184 –86;

represents Rift Valley Province on Legislative Council, 134 ;

reputation as populist, 135 –37, 163 , 193 , 224 ;

restricts freedom of assembly and association, 131 –33, 143 –44, 162 , 187 –88, 199 –200, 204 , 228 ;

restricts freedom of speech, 162 ;

restricts freedom of the press, 144 , 165 –66, 188 , 231 ;

restricts harambee system, 133 , 199 –200;

restricts political opposition, 67 , 125 –26, 204 ;

restricts "political space," 143 , 146 , 162 , 164 , 191 , 203 ;

restructures electoral system, 150 –51, 161 ;

strengthens police and security forces, 131 , 144 –45, 165 ;

suppresses ethnic welfare societies, 131 , 142 –44, 201 , 231 ;

suppresses political opposition, 141 –47, 161 ;

and surveillance of opposition, 131 –32, 145 , 221 , 228 ;

and tea industry, 184 –87;

weakens GEMA, 131 –32;

weakens judicial system, 164 –65

Moi Day, 163

Mombasa, 116 , 121 , 173

Montesquieu, Baron de la Brede de la, 229 –30

Moore, Barrington, 30

Morgenthau, Ruth Schachter, 212

Mouvement populaire de la révolution (MPR; Zaire), 132 , 159 –60, 162 , 169 , 202 , 207 , 209 , 222 ;

compared to KANU, 205 , 208 ;

opposition to, 205 ;

political manifesto of, 205 ;

youth wing, 205

Mpatanishi (newspaper), 178

Mudavadi, Moses, 148

Mueller, Susanne, 67 –70

Muge, Alexander Kipsang:

protests violations of human rights, 191

Muigai, Ngengi, 115 , 123

Muigwithania (journal), 51

Muite, Paul, 189 , 196 ;

as opposition leader, 197

Muliro, Masinde, 105 ;

in 1977 elections, 121 ;

opposes Moi, 172

Multi-party systems:

arguments in favor

of, 226 –27;

evolution of in sub–Saharan Africa, 215 –18;

vs. single-party systems, 224 –27, 232

Mungai, James, 131 , 248n, 249n

Mungai, Njoroge, 92 –94, 105 , 111 , 113 –14, 117 , 122 , 137 ;

in 1979 elections, 125 , 128 , 133 , 152 ;

in 1977 elections, 118 –19, 121 , 123

Munoko, Nathan, 150

Munyi, Kamwithi, 97

Muoroto (shanty village):

government razes, 194

Murang'a district, 55 , 59 , 61 , 65 , 88 –90, 115 , 140 , 147 –48, 173 –76, 186

Muraya, Sam, 193

Murgor, William, 96

Murungi, Kiraitu, 162 , 190 ;

seeks asylum in U.S., 176 , 203

Musyoka, Kalonzo, 166

Mutisya, Mulu, 122

Mwachofi, Mwashembu:

in 1985 elections, 152

Mwakenya movement:

and the clergy, 192 ;

as government pretext for harrassment, 177 –78;

KANU's fear of, 178 , 220 –21;

purported program of, 177 –78

Mwangale, Elijah, 147 –49, 192 ;

disciplined by KANU committee, 167 ;

in 1985 elections, 156 ;

on resource allocation, 78 –80, 90

Mwangale community, 80

Mwendwa, Ngala:

in 1977 elections, 120

Mwithaga, Mark, 105 , 129