B
Bachofen, J. J., 218 n
Bacon, Francis, 30 , 274
Baiga (of central India), 108
Bakaïrí (of central Brazil), 221
Bakhtin, Mikhail, 287 -88
Baktaman (of New Guinea), 78 -79, 79 n
Bali (Indonesia), 106 , 119 , 121
Balikci, Asen, 172 , 175
BaMbuti (Pygmies of Congo region), 71 .
See also Pygmies
Bandjelang (of northern New South Wales, Australia), 143
Banyoro (of Uganda, East Africa), 111 , 126 , 130
Barasana (Tukanoan people of northwest Amazonia), 219
Barbeau, Marius, 178 , 181
Barber, Karin, 64 n
Barbour, Philip L., 229
Barnett, Homer, 179 , 181
Barnouw, Victor, 243
Barth, Fredrik, 79 , 79 n
Bartolomé, Miguel Alberto, 221 n, 226 n
Bartram, William, 228
Basso, Ellen B., 221
Basso, Keith H., 192
Bastide, Roger, 114 , 115 , 121 , 123 -26
Bastien, Joseph W., 213
Batek (Negritos of peninsular Malaysia), 146 .
See also Negritos
Bateson, Gregory, 79 n
Batuque. See Brazil, spirit possession cults of
Beals, Ralph L., 201 , 201 n, 204
Bean, Lowell J., 186 , 187 n, 188
Bear, as object of ritual or worship, 155 (Boreal hunters and Finns), 161 (Yenisei Ostiaks), 165 -66 (Ainu), 190 -91 and 195 (Pueblos), 236 (northeastern North America), 250 (Great Plains)
Beattie, John, 109 , 111 , 126 , 128 , 130
Beckett, Samuel, 294
Beidelman, T. O., 74
Bella Coola (of British Columbia, Northwest Coast), 180 , 181
Bellah, Robert N., 5 n, 97
Belo, Jane, 106 , 121
Benedict, Ruth, 62 , 70 -72, 106 , 173 n.2, 177 , 182 , 185 , 249 , 250
Bennett, Wendell C., 205 , 206 , 210
Berawan (of Sarawak, Borneo), 147
Berger, Peter L., 4 , 14 -15
Bergson, Henri, 4 , 8 , 11 , 13 , 16 , 16 n, 50 -51, 53 , 62 , 84 , 261
Bernard, Claude, 274
Bernbaum, Edwin, 150
Berndt, Ronald M., 68 , 218 n
Bernstejn[*] , N. A., 18 , 23 n
Berreman, Gerald D., 108 , 129
Bertalanffy, Ludwig von, 22 , 29 , 48
Best, Elsdon, 88 -91
Biard, Father Pierre, 233
Biddle, Nicholas, 251 n.13
Big House ceremony of Delaware, or Lenape, 85 , 233 , 234 , 238
Binary opposition, or duality, 16 , 51 , 269 -71, 269 n, 290 .
See also Closure and openness; Static and dynamic; Structure and process; Ternary relation
Biocca, Ettore, 222
Biology, 18 -24, 48 , 267 -68;
and complexity, 23 n.
See also Aristotle, teleology of; Closure and openness; Darwin, Charles; Directionality; Evolution; Future and futurity; Genome; Gould, Stephen Jay; History; Mayr, Ernst; Monod, Jacques; Piaget, Jean; Purpose; Structure and process; Teleonomy
Birds, as divinities or guardian spirits, 154 -56, 160 , and 161 (Siberia), 166 (Ainu), 167 (Manchu), 172 (Eskimo), 220 (Amazon), 224 (Tapirapé), 245 and 250 (Sioux), 251 (Blackfoot), 254 and 255 (in Black Elk's vision), 262
Bjerke, Svein, 111 -12, 140
Blackburn, Thomas C., 186
Black Elk, Nicholas (Oglala holy man), 245 , 247 , 249 , 250 , 250 n, 253 -57, 253 n, 256 n, 264 , 265 , 285
Blacker, Carmen, xii
Blackfoot (Algonquian people of Great Plains), 248 , 251 , 251 n.14, 252 , 252 n
Blair, Emma Helen, 236
Boas, Franz, 172 , 173 n.1, 175 -77, 178
Bödiger, Ute, 225
Bodmer, Karl, 251 n.13
Bogoras, W., 154 , 158 , 159 , 159 n
Bon (Bön) religion of Tibet, 149 -50
Bondo (of Orissa, east central India), 108 -9
Bori cult (of Nigeria and northwest Africa), 112 , 127 n, 136
Borneo, 146 -48
Bororo (of Brazilian Amazon), 219 , 220
Bossu, M, 231
Bourguignon, Erika, 119n, 128 , 129 , 185 n
Bourke, John G., 70n, 192 , 193
Brain, plasticity of, 269 -70
Brain, James L., 64 n
Bramly, Serge, 114
Brazil, spirit possession cults of:
African and other influences on, 113 -15;
Batuque, 114 -15, 117 -18, 119 -20;
Candomblé, 113 -14, 114 n, 121 , 124 -26;
Macumba, 114 , 115 ;
Umbanda, 114 -16.
See also Amazonian and other tropical cultures and religions of South America
Brébeuf, Father Jean de, 236 -38, 242
Brinton, Daniel G., 199
Brown, Jason W., 43 , 47 , 49
Brown, Joseph Epes, 245 , 246 , 246 n, 248 , 253
Brundage, Burr Cartwright, 199 , 211
Bruner, Jerome, 41 -46
Bruno, Giordano, 274
Buddhism. See Shamanism, relation of Lamaist and Mahayana Buddhism to
Buechler, Hans C., 213
Bulmer, R. N. H., 106
Bunzel, Ruth, 62 , 63 , 72 , 191 , 203
Burkert, Walter, 262 , 262 n
Burma, 107 , 126 .
See also Kachins
Buryat (of southern Siberia), 156 , 158 , 159 n
Busama (of New Guinea), 79 -80
Bushnell, David I, Jr., 231
Busia, K. A., 104
Buxton, Jean, 74 , 88 n.4, 109 , 117 , 119 , 130 -31, 131 n
Byers, Douglas, 200 , 202