INDEX
abolitionism, 17
Acker, William M., Jr., 116
activism, judicial, 9–10, 35–37, 57, 145–46
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, 193
African Americans, 30, 79
age:
discrimination on account of, 12, 102–113, 145
stereotypes of, 107, 111
Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), 103–113
Alabama, University of, 115, 118
Alarcon, Arthur L., 179
Alden v. Maine, 42, 165
Alexander, Larry, 184
Allen, John, 175
Amar, Akhil Reed, 192
American Revolution, 16
American Civil Liberties Union, 25, 26, 161
American Association for the Advancement of Science, 95
American Banana Co. v. United Fruit Co., 175
American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers, 99
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), 113–119
Amish, Old Order, 21–22, 34, 38
Aristotle, 74
Arte Publico, 98–100
Ash, Milton, 115
Association of American Publishers, 99
Authors Guild, 99
Automobile Abstract & Title Co. v. Haggerty, 178
Balkin, Jack M., 190
“Battle Hymn of the Republic, The”, 17
Bazenmore v. Friday, 190
Benavides, Fortunado, 33
Beveridge, Albert, 69
Beveridge, Henry, 175
Beyerhaus, Gisbert, 175
Blackmun, Harry A., 161, 165
Blair, John, 64Blatchford v. Noatak Village, 42, 165
Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett, 115–119, 186
Bodin, Jean, 169
Boerne, City of, 31–40, 144
Bonita Boats, Inc. v. Thunder Craft Boats, Inc., 179
Bowen v. Roy, 160
Bradley, Joseph, 73–79
Brandeis, Louis D., 109, 139
Brandwein, Pamela, 175
Brennan, William J., Jr.160
Breyer, Stephen, 164, 179, 180, 184, 186, 189
Bryant, A. Christopher, 183
Brzonkala, Christy, 120–26, 131, 144
Buchanan, John H., Jr., 161
Bunton, Lucius Desha, III, 33–34
Burnet v. Coronado Oil & GasCo., 184
Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority, 191
Cabazon Band of Mission Indians v. Wilson, 168
California, state of, 59, 100
California School for the Blind by Gonzales v. Maher, 167–68
California, University of, 50, 59–60
Calvin, John, 77–78
Caminker, Evan H., 163
Cantwell v. Connecticut, 20–21, 24–25, 27, 37, 159
Carolene Products v. United States, 112, 184
Carter v. Carter Coal Company, 13, 137
Catholic Church, 16, 17, 31, 38
Chávez, Denise, 98
Chew v. State of California, 178
Chisholm, Alexander, 62
Chisholm v. Georgia, 62–66, 74, 171
Choper, Jesse H., 164
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, 18, 25, 34
Church of England, 16
City of Boerne v. Flores, 31–40, 93, 99, 101, 107, 110, 130–131
City College of New York, 155
Civil Rights Act of 1875, 129
Civil Rights Act of 1964, 102, 132
Civil Rights Cases, 120, 166, 189
Clinton, Bill, 26
Coger v. Board of Regents of the State of Tennessee, 183
Cohen, Mendes, 67
Cohen, Philip, 67,
Cohens v. Virginia, 67–69, 71, 81, 129, 172
College Savings Bank, 88–97
College Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Board, 95–97
Compco Corp. v. Day Brite Lighting Inc., 179
Congregationalists, 17
Congress:
powers of, 4–5, 27–31, 110, 140–143
restrictions on, 4–6, 12, 13, 15–17, 35–37, 93, 99, 106–08, 117, 127–130, 146–48, 163
congruence:
in legislation, 5, 15–17, 19, 92, 118–19, 130–31, 147
constitution:
of the Confederate States of America, 84
constitution, U.S.:
as self-executing, 27–28
balances of, 12, 14
functions of states in, 150–52
purposes of, 11–12, 65
see also particular amendments
contradiction, logical:
in doctrine, 10
Cooper v. New York State Office of Mental Health, 183
Copyright Remedy Clarification Act, 99
copyrights, 12, 98–101
Cornwell v. California Board of Barbering and Cosmetology, 167
Cox, Emmett Ripley, 106
Crawford, James, 121
Cummings, Tony, 31–33
Cushing, William, 64
Dallas, Alexander, 64,
Dante, 146
Davison, Anna Marie, 32
Dellinger, Walter, 35
DePetris v. Kuykendall, 165
Destro, Robert, 25
development of doctrine, 19–20, 21, 27, 83–84
Dickson, Wellington, 106
dignity:
of states, 6, 11, 52–54, 152
disability:
discrimination on account of, 12, 114–119, 145
Dorsey v. Chapman, 165–66,
draft law:
exemptions, 38
Dred Scott v. Sandford, 13, 26, 28
Dugan, Robert P., Jr., 161
Dutch Reformed Church, 77
Echohawk, Larry, 48
Edelman v. Jordan, 166
Edmonson, James L., 106
eleventh amendment, 47, 60, 61, 66–75, 116, 151–52
Employment Division v. Smith, 23–25
Endangered Species Act, 45, 166
Engel, Stephen A., 161
England, 16
evidence:
required for legislation, 6, 11, 36–37, 40, 91–93, 107, 117–119, 131–32
Ex parte Young, 44–48, 69, 155, 166
Ex parte State of New York, 167
Ex parte Virginia, 28, 30
Fair Labor Standards Act, 104
Fallon, Richard H., 164, 173
Farquhar, Robert, 62
federalism:
classic meaning, 3
modern meaning, 2
first amendment, 19, 25, 27
Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer, 167
Flag Salute Cases, 20–21, 24
Fletcher, George, 174
Fletcher, William A., 172
Flores, Patrick, 31, 33
Florida Dep't of State v. Treasure Salvors, 166
Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank, 88–95, 107, 109, 139
Florida International University, 105
Foner, Eric, 175
Ford, Gerald, 104
Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act, 97
Forest Service, U.S., 23
fourteenth amendment, 4, 6–7, 19, 26–31, 47, 51–52, 90, 96–97, 107–09, 116–19, 125–26, 129–31, 135–37
France, 16
Frankfurter, Felix, 20, 24, 26
Fried, Charles, 94–95
Gaffney, Edward M., Jr., 25
Gardner, James N., 95
Garrett, Patricia, 119
Garza, Emilio, 33, 99
Georgia, state of, 60
Georgia v. Rachel, 167
Gibbons v. Ogden, 133, 134, 189
Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, 163, 179, 180, 184, 186, 188, 189
Goldman v. Weinberger, 160
Goshtasby v. Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois, 183
Governor of Georgia v. Madrazo, 173
Graber, Mark A., 172
Grant, Ulysses S., 79
Gregory v. Ashcroft, 183
Gunther, Gerald, 164
habeas corpus, 43–44
Hall, Kenneth, 126
Hamilton, Alexander, 73, 80–84, 138–140
Hamilton, Marci, 35
Hans v. Louisiana, 42, 72–80, 84, 165, 173
Hans, Bernard, 72
Harmon, Robert L., 177
Harris, United States v., 189
Hart, H.L.A., 174
Hatchett, Jospeh W., 106
Hercules, Inc. v. Minnesota State Highway Dep't, 178
Hibbs. v. Department of Human Resources, 187
Higginbotham, Patrick E., 33–34
Hills, Roderick M., Jr., 176
Hinkle, Robert L., 106
history:
uses of, 11, 57–58, 78–83
Hmong, 34, 36
Hobbes, Thomas, 77
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr., 78, 139, 152, 154
Houston, University of, 98
Humenansky v. Regents of the University of Minnesota, 183
Idaho v. Coeur d'Alene Tribe, 166
Idaho Potato Commission v. M & M Produce Farm & Sales, 181
immunity:
as power-conserver, 61
basis of, 43, 152
exceptions to, 10, 42–50, 85, 152
from damages, 1, 6, 11–12, 41–61
market view of, 58–59, 79
personal privilege, 52
rationales for, 16, 52–57, 72–85, 153–54
― 199 ―Indians:
religious rights of, 23–24, 38
Ingersoll, Charles, 64
injunctions, 42–47
Intellectual Property Act, 139, 141–142
Iredell, James, 64
Jackson, Robert, 7–8, 21, 135
Jacobs Wind Electric Co. Inc., v. Florida Dep't of Transp., 178, 179
James I, King, 168–69
Jay, John, 65, 84
Jefferson, Thomas, 82, 191
Jehovah's Witnesses, 18, 20–21
Jews, 20, 34, 36, 38
Johnson, Lyndon, 103
Jones, Edith, 99
Judicial Conduct, Code of, 143
Kamisar, Yale, 164
Kanellos, Nicholás, 98
Karlan, Pamela S., 166
Katzenbach v. Morgan, 30–31, 162
Kawananakoa v. Polyblank, 175
Keeton v. University of Nebraska System, 183
Kennedy, Anthony M., 160, 163, 165, 166, 179, 180, 183, 186, 188
Kimel, J. Daniel, 105
Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents, 105–113, 182
Kiser, Jackson L., 124, 126
Kleinfeld, Andrew J., 163
Ku Klux Klan, 129
Kramer, Larry D., 170
Lanham Act, 89, 95–97
Lash, Kurt T., 159
Lassiter v. Northampton CountyBd. of Elections, 30, 162
Late Corporation of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, The v. United States, 159
law clerks:
work of, 9
Laycock, Douglas, 25, 35
Lear, Inc. v. Adkins, 179
Lee, United States v., 160
Lemelson v. Ampex Corp., 178
Levinson, Sanford, 190
liberty, religious, 12–13, 15–40, 142–43
Lincoln, Abraham, 30
Lochner v. New York, 13
Lockhart, William B., 164
Lopez v. United States, 125
Louisiana, United States v., 174
Louisiana, state of, 72, 79
Louisiana ex rel. Elliott v. Jumel, 72, 173
Lujan v. Regents of the University of California, 171
Luttig, J. Michael, 126
lynching, 129–130
Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Ass'n, 23, 160
MacPherson, Roderick, 105
Madison, James, 16, 25, 73, 80–81
Malakoff, David, 180
Marbury v. Madison, 67, 172
Marshall, John, 9, 29, 31, 33, 61, 67–71, 73, 75, 80–81, 84, 119, 129, 134, 173, 192
Marshall, Thurgood, 161
Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, 71, 173
Maryland v. Wirtz, 189
Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia, 183
Massachusetts, 107
McCafferty, Evelyn Corrine, 183
McClendon v. Georgia Dep't of Community Health, 171
McConnell, Michael W., 160
McGowan, David, 170, 176
McRae, Kenneth Douglas, 169
Meltzer, Daniel J., 173, 191–92
Meszaros, Peggy, 122
Michigan, University of, 87
Migneault v. Peck, 183
Minersville School District v. Gobitis, 20, 159
Minnesota v. Carter, 170
Minnesota, University of, 106
Missouri, 107
Mockaitis v. Harcleroad, 162
Monaco v. Mississippi, 42, 165
Monell v. Dep't of Social Services, 168, 170
Montevallo, University of, 105
Mormon Cases, 18, 24
Morrison, Antonio, 121–126, 131
Morrison, United States v., 188
Motz, Diana Gribbon, 126, 127
Murphy v. Ramsey, 159
Narz, Marvin, 105
National Association of Attorneys General, 134
National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., 127, 188
National Association of Evangelicals, 161
National Association of Protection and Advocacy Systems, 116
Native American Church, 23, 112
natural law, 74, 169
Nazis, 21
New Hampshire v. Louisiana, 72, 173
New Hampshire, 17, 18
New York, state of, 30, 97
Newman, John Henry, 84, 177
Nicholls v. Mayor and Sch. Comm. of Lynn, 159
Niebuhr, Gustav, 161
nineteenth amendment, 38
Nixon, Richard M., 103
Noonan, John T., Jr., 158, 163, 164, 175
O'Connor, Sandra Day, 160, 164, 170, 179, 180, 183, 186, 188
Oaks, Dallin H., 161
Olmstead v. United States, 170
Oregon, 23, 24
Orth, John V., 175
Osborn v. Bank of the United States, 69–70, 173
Patent and Plant Variety
Protection Remedy
Clarification Act, 90
patents, 12, 87–95
Paul, Maurice M., 106
Pennhurst State School and Hospital v. Haldeman, 166
People for the American Way, 25, 161
Peyote Case, 23–24
Pfander, James E., 176
polygamy, 18
Post, Robert C., 190
Professional Responsibility, Model Code of, 143
proportion:
in legislation, 5, 15–17, 19, 92, 106, 107–08, 117, 130–31, 146–47, 163
Protestants, 16, 17
Puerto Ricans, 30
Randolph, Edmund, 62–64, 66
rape, 1, 11, 120–137
Regents of the University of California v. Doe, 167
Regents of the University of California v. Genentech, Inc., 171
Rehnquist, William H., 160, 163, 165, 166, 179, 180, 183, 186, 188, 192
Reis v. State, 171
Reitman v. Mulkey, 190
Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), 25–31, 33–40, 142
Religious test, 17, 18
Religious Liberty Protection Act, 142
Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act, 143
Resnik, Judith, 190
Reynolds v. United States, 159
Robespierre, Maximilien, 96
Roberts, Peter, 86–89, 144
Rohatyn, Felix, 171
Salerno v. City University, 181
Scalia, Antonin, 160, 163, 165, 170, 180, 183, 186, 188
Scott v. California State Lotto, 168
Scott v. University of Mississippi, 183
Scotus, John Duns, 78
section 5 power, 27, see also fourteenth amendment
Secretary of State of Maryland v. Munson Co., 167
Self-Advocates Becoming Empowered, 116
Seminole Tribe v. Florida, 42, 96, 99, 107, 109, 116, 165
Shapiro, Daniel L., 173
Siegal, Reva, 190
Simeone, Timothy J., 183
Slavery, 17, 19, 28
Sneed, Joseph T., III, 161
Souter, David H., 165, 174, 179, 180, 184, 186, 189
sovereignty:
at common law, 3;
indivisibility of, 152
of king, 53–54, 151, 168–70,
of state affiliates, 1, 3, 50–51, 99–100, 154
of states, 2–5, 7–8, 12–13, 41–57, 65
of superior beings, 53–54
of the people, 65, 150
restrictions on, 71
theological overhang of, 77–78
votaries of, 83, 85
Stamps v. Whitehouse, 169
state:
defined, 50, 75–76
equal footing of, 76
functions of, 150–51
not person, 51
rights of, 3, 7
see also dignity, immunity, sovereignty
― 202 ―State Contracting & Engineering Corp. v. State of Florida, 181
Stearns v. Minnesota, 174
Stevens, John Paul, 160, 163, 179, 180, 184, 186, 189
Story, Joseph, 71
Strahan v. Cox, 166
Strossen, Nadine, 25–26, 161
Sunstein, Cass R., 184
Supreme Court of the United States:
abstractness of decisions by, 144
accretion of power by, 13
age of members of, 112
interprets constitution, 7, 9–11, 19–21, 33, 39
invention of criteria by, 146
jurisdiction of, 62–75
lack of self-consciousness, 144
members of, 8
reviews state courts, 49
silence of, 17–18
subjection to Congress of, 140–141
supervises Congress, 5–6
see also specific cases and amendments
Sutton v. Utah State School for the Deaf and Blind, 168
Tennessee, state of, 129
Texas Historical Commission, 32
Texas, state of, 76, 87
Thomas, Clarence, 163, 165, 170, 179, 180, 183, 186, 188
Thompson, David R., 163
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 17
Trademark Remedy Clarification Act, 96
trademarks, 12, 96–98
Union Trust Co. of San Francisco v. State of California, 171
United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, 161
United Cerebral Palsy Association, 116
United Jewish Org. of Williamsburg v. Carey, 192
Vermont Agency of NaturalResources v. United States ex rel. Stevens, 168
Violence Against Women Act, 6–7, 120–137
Virginia Polytechnic Institute (Virginia Tech), 120–126
Voting Rights Act of 1965, 30–31
Voting Rights Case, 30, 34
Warren Bros. Co. v. Kibbe, 178
Washington, George, 62, 66, 82, 90
Watts v. Univ. of Del., 178
Waxman, Seth P., 165
Webster, Daniel, 69, 174
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, 21, 24, 26, 160
West Coast Hotel v. Parrish, 159
Western Maid, The, 175
White, Byron R., 160, 165
White, G. Edward, 191
Wilkinson, Harvey, 126
Will v. Michigan Dep't of State Police, 51, 168
William C. Popper & Co. v. Pennsylvania Liquor Control Bd., 178
Wilson, James, 65, 76, 84
Wisconsin v. Yoder, 21–22, 24, 160
Wisconsin, 21–22
Wisdom, John Minor, 99
women:
rights of, 6–7, 11, 120–137, 145
Woodward, C. Vann, 189
Worcester v. Georgia, 71, 173
World Trade Organization, 95
Wyoming, University of, 118
Young, Edward T., 45