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Bibliography

SELECTED RESOURCES FOR FURTHER STUDY

There is an entire world of information on California Native cultures, languages, and oral literatures for interested readers to explore. Some of it is in books, some in magazines and journals, some in archives, some on websites. Some of it is geared more toward a general audience, as this book is, and some of it is technical or scholarly in nature. But all of it will help to illuminate, in one way or another, the selections of California oral literature contained in these pages. All items mentioned here are listed in full in the “References” section.

A. General-Interest Books

Malcolm Margolin's The Ohlone Way is perhaps the best possible popular introduction to the unique Native California patterns of life and worldview—beautifully written and evocative rather than academic in nature. (Margolin is also the publisher of News from Native California, a quarterly magazine providing “an inside view of the California Indian world,” and Heyday Books, which has a fine line of general-audience books celebrating Native Californian peoples and cultures.) Leanne Hinton's Flutes of Fire, a collection of articles originally written for her regular “Language” column in News for Native California, provides an accessible and engaging introduction to the world of California languages through a miscellany of essays on place-names, songs, language legislation, basketry terms, language families, writing systems, and many other topics, including a variety of fascinating grammatical features of California languages. If you only read two popular books on California Indians, these would be the two I recommend.

There are several biographies of real interest to the general reader: Theodora Kroeber's Ishi: In Two Worlds, which documents the life of California's so-called last wild Indian and provides a good bit of Yahi ethnography and contact history

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tory in the process; Carobeth Laird's Encounter with an Angry God, an extended reminiscence of her not-so-happy life as J. P. Harrington's wife; Gui de Angulo's The Old Coyote of Big Sur, a biography of her famous linguist father, Jaime de Angulo; Lucy Thompson's To the American Indian: Reminiscences of a Yurok Woman, an early Indian autobiography; The Autobiography of Delfina Cuero, a Kumeyaay woman, as told to Florence Shipek; Darryl Babe Wilson's The Morning the Sun Went Down; Victor Golla's edition of The Sapir-Kroeber Correspondence, which gives a fascinating inside view of the early days of anthropology and linguistics in California, including quite a few letters concerning Ishi; and Greg Sarris's Mabel McKay: Weaving the Dream, a captivating blend of biography and oral autobiography telling the life story of his remarkable and provocative aunt, a basketmaker and one of the last Pomo doctors.

Other general-interest books include Greg Sarris's The Sound of Rattles and Clappers, an anthology of contemporary poetry and fiction by Native California writers; Jaime de Angulo's classic Indians in Overalls, an account of the author's first season of fieldwork among the Pit River Achumawi; Thomas Mayfield and Malcolm Margolin's Indian Summer: Traditional Life among the Choinumne Indians of California's San Joaquin Valley; Brian Bibby's The Fine Art of California Indian Basketry; and Jeannine Gendar's Grass Games and Moon Races: California Indian Games and Toys.

Regarding the post-Contact history of California Indian peoples, there are a number of important and useful works, including Robert Heizer's The Destruction of California Indians, Robert Jackson and Edward Castillo's Indians, Franciscans, and Spanish Colonization: The Impact of the Mission System on California Indians, Albert Hurtado's Indian Survival on the California Frontier, and Rupert Costo and Jeannette Costo's The Missions of California: A Legacy of Genocide.

B. Collections of Story and Song in Translation

There is a surprising amount of California oral literature in English translation. Malcolm Margolin's The Way We Lived: California Indian Stories, Songs, and Reminiscences is a fine and wide-ranging newer collection, drawn from authentic sources, with enlightening commentary on each selection. Earlier anthologies include Frank Latta's California Indian Folklore and Edward Gi ord and Gwendoline Block's California Indian Nights. Theodora Kroeber's The Inland Whale contains literary reworkings of authentic traditional stories. One of the oldest sources is Jeremiah Curtin's Creation Myths of Primitive America, originally published in 1898 and containing a large body of Yana and Wintu myths. Beyond these, there are quite a number of collections focused on particular tribes and languages: Thomas Blackburn's December's Child: A Book of

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Chumash Oral Narratives; Alfred Kroeber's Yurok Myths, A Mohave Historical Epic, Seven Mohave Myths, and More Mohave Myths; Alfred Kroeber and Edward Gi ord's Karok Myths; Robert Spott and Alfred Kroeber's Yurok Narratives; Istet Woiche's Annikadel: The History of the Universe as Told by the Achumawi Indians of California; Julian Lang's Ararapíkva: Creation Stories of the People; Jaime de Angulo's How the World Was Made, Shabegok, and Indian Tales (fictionalized settings of mostly retold Achumawi, Miwok, and Pomo tales); William Shipley's wonderful translations of The Maidu Indian Myths and Stories of Hánc'ibyjim; Leanne Hinton and Susan Roth's children's-book version of Ishi's Tale of Lizard; and Carobeth Laird's Mirror and Pattern, a collection of Chemehuevi stories (with commentary) told by her second husband, George Laird.

Two publications stand out for their pure loveliness as books to have and hold: Mourning Dove, a Yurok/English Tale (a chapbook put out by Heyday Books); and the Yosemite Association's Legends of the Yosemite Miwok, edited by Frank LaPena, Craig D. Bates, and Steven Medley.

Finally, though they do not focus exclusively on California traditions, the following works incorporate significant California materials: Brian Swann's Song of the Sky and Wearing the Morning Star, which contain the poet's versions of several classic and beautiful California songs; Leanne Hinton and Lucille Watahomigie's Spirit Mountain, which presents bilingual (and occasionally trilingual) versions of Yuman oral literature, including Mojave, Diegueño, Quechan, and Kiliwa; William Bright's A Coyote Reader, which contains translations of Coyote tales from a number of di erent California traditions; and Brian Swann's mammoth anthology Coming to Light: Contemporary Translations of the Native Literatures of North America, which includes selections from Yana, Karuk, Atsugewi, and Maidu.

C. Studies of Native California Oral Literature

There are a few studies that focus specifically or largely on California traditions: Greg Sarris's collection of literary essays, Keeping Slug Woman Alive: A Holistic Approach to American Indian Texts; Richard Applegate's “Chumash Narrative Folklore as Sociolinguistic Data”; Carobeth Laird's Mirror and Pattern; and Thomas Blackburn's December's Child: A Book of Chumash Oral Narratives, an extended folkloristic analysis. Anna Gayton's “Areal Affiliations of California Folktales” and Alfred Kroeber's “Indian Myths of South Central California” are both useful attempts at areal classification. Dorothy Demetracopoulou and Cora du Bois's “A Study of Wintu Mythology” is an important early work of stylistic analysis, as is Anna Gayton and Stanley Newman's “Yokuts and Western Mono Myths.” Studies of Native California song include Richard Keeling's

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Cry for Luck, which focuses on Northwestern California singing styles; George Herzog's “The Yuman Musical Style”; Bruno Nettl's “The Songs of Ishi: Musical Styles of the Yahi Indians”; R. H. Robins and Norma McLeod's “Five Yurok Songs: A Musical and Textual Analysis”; and Helen Roberts's Form in Primitive Music: An Analytical and Comparative Study of the Melodic Form of Some Ancient Southern Californian Indian Songs.

For readers wishing to broaden the scope of their exploration, there are many useful and important studies of Native American oral literature. Seminal works include Melville Jacobs's The Content and Style of an Oral Literature: Clackamas Chinook Myths and Tales; Dell Hymes's ‘In vain I tried to tell you’: Essays in Native American Ethnopoetics; and Dennis Tedlock's The Spoken Word and the Work of Interpretation. Other important studies from the linguistic or ethnopoetic side are Karl Kroeber's recently reissued Traditional American Indian Literatures: Texts and Interpretations; Brian Swann and Arnold Krupat's Recovering the Word: Essays on Native American Literature; Leanne Hinton's Havasupai Songs: A Linguistic Perspective; Brian Swann's Smoothing the Ground: Essays in Native American Oral Literature and On the Translation of Native American Literatures; and Joel Sherzer and Anthony Woodbury's Native American Discourse: Poetics and Rhetoric.

On the more literary side of the equation are Arnold Krupat's Ethnocriticism: Ethnography, History, Literature and New Voices in Native American Literary Criticism, an anthology of critical essays; David Brumble's American Indian Autobiography; and Gerald Vizenor's Narrative Chance: Postmodern Discourse on Native American Indian Literatures.

D. Linguistic Text Collections

Linguistic editions of texts collected in the field are the foundation, the documentary base on which the study of Native American oral literature is built. As far as California cultures are concerned, most of these primary text collections are published as volumes in serial publications like the University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology (UCPAAE), which in 1943 shifted its specifically linguistic monographs over to the University of California Publications in Linguistics (UCPL).

Major book-length collections are Samuel A. Barrett's Pomo Myths; James Crawford's Cocopa Texts; Grace Dangberg's Washo Texts; Roland Dixon's Maidu Texts; L. S. Freeland's Freeland's Central Sierra Miwok Myths (edited by Howard Berman); Pliny Earl Goddard's “Hupa Texts,” “Kato Texts,” and “Chilula Texts”; Jane Hill and Roscinda Nolasquez's Mulu'wetam (The First People): Cupeño Oral History and Language; Wick Miller's Newe Natekwinappeh: Shoshoni Stories and Dictionary; Robert Oswalt's Kashaya Texts; Paul Radin's Wappo Texts: First Series;

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Gladys Reichard's Wiyot Grammar and Texts; Edward Sapir's Yana Texts; Hansjakob Seiler's Cahuilla Texts; William Shipley's Maidu Texts and Dictionary; and Stuart Uldall and William Shipley's Nisenan Texts and Dictionary. (Many of these scholars have also produced grammars and dictionaries for their respective languages, and most grammars also contain a few texts as well.) Certain volumes in the Native American Texts Series (both the new series and the old) also feature texts from a variety of California literary traditions: William Bright's Coyote Stories; Geo rey Gamble's Yokuts Texts; Margaret Langdon's Yuman Texts; Victor Golla and Shirley Silver's Northern California Texts; and Martha Kendall's Coyote Stories II.

Many important linguistic texts and short collections also appear in journal format, among them Jaime de Angulo's “Pomo Creation Myth”; Jaime de Angulo and L. S. Freeland's “Karok Texts”; Madison Beeler's “Barbareño Chumash Text and Lexicon”; L. S. Freeland's “Western Miwok Texts with Linguistic Sketch”; Pliny Earl Goddard's “Wailaki Texts”; John Peabody Harrington's “Karok Texts” and “Karok Indian Myths”; Robert Lowie's “Washo Texts”; William Seaburg's “A Wailaki (Athapaskan) Text with Comparative Notes”; and Carl Voegelin's “Tübatulabal Texts.”

E. Handbooks, Bibliographies, and Archives

The single most useful reference work—your bible for beginning research or simply seeking information on California Indians—is the California volume of the Smithsonian's Handbook of North American Indians (volume 8, edited by Robert Heizer). Next come Alfred Kroeber's Handbook of the Indians of California, Robert Heizer and M. A. Whipple's The California Indians: A Source Book, and Lowell Bean and Thomas Blackburn's Native Californians: A Theoretical Retrospective. Stephen Powers's Tribes of California, important and even groundbreaking in its day (1877) and still a valuable source of information and firsthand observation, has not aged well. (It is entirely too easy to stumble across sentences like the following, which introduces the text of a Konkow song: “The reader will understand, if he knows anything about Indian habits, that there was a great deal introduced into this performance which no man can describe or imitate—unutterable groans, hissings, mutterings, and repetitions, with which the savage so delights to envelop his sacred exercises” [307].)

William Bright's annotated Bibliography of the Languages of Native California is an invaluable reference tool, though it runs out at its date of publication, 1982, and much new work has been produced since then; an updated version is available on the web (see section I here). Robert Heizer, Karen Nissen, and Edward Castillo's California Indian History: A Classified and Annotated Guide to

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Source Materials is likewise an useful tool, as is Richard Keeling's Guide to Early Field Recordings (1900–1949) at the Lowie Museum of Anthropology. One of the most comprehensive bibliographic sources is on-line at the California Indian Libraries Collection website (see section I here). This site provides fairly comprehensive bibliographies organized by tribe and draws on historical, anthropological, and linguistic sources; unfortunately, the project has not yet been expanded to cover Southern California cultures.

For those interested in archival materials, the Bancroft Library at Berkeley has a vast collection of California ethnographic and linguistic holdings, including the A. L. Kroeber Papers and the Frank J. Essene collection. (Researchers should ask for Dale Valory's “Guide to Ethnological Documents” [CU-23.1]—the “Valory Guide,” for short.) The Phoebe Appleton Hearst Museum of Anthropology (formerly the Lowie) at Berkeley has a collection of sound recordings and an extensive photographic collection now in the process of being catalogued electronically. The archives of the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, also at Berkeley, is administered by the Department of Linguistics; the Language Lab with its tape archives is conveniently located in the same building. Other important archival sites for California materials include the American Philosophical Library in Philadelphia, the Huntington Library in San Marino (especially the Wieland collection), the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, the Southwest Museum in Los Angeles, and the Malki Museum at the Morongo Indian Reservation.

Finally, researchers should be aware of the huge Harrington collection archived at the National Anthropological Archives at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. There is a complete microfilm edition of the Harrington papers (running to 283 reels) distributed by Kraus International. Many university libraries own at least selections from this microfilm collection; larger universities and institutions, such as U.C. Berkeley and the University of Pittsburgh, are likely to possess the entire set.

F. Magazines and Newsletters

For more than a decade, the quarterly magazine News from Native California has been an important forum for news and views of California's Native communities and a major force in encouraging the current renaissance of contemporary California languages and cultures. Another lively and informative periodical, The Masterkey, put out by the Southwest Museum, is sadly now defunct. Two newsletters provide useful and engaging sources of information on California languages: the SSILA Newsletter (where SSILA stands for the Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas), which occasionally mentions topics germane to California, including conference schedules; and the occasional

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Newsletter of the J. P. Harrington Conference, which serves as a clearinghouse of information for scholars working with the Harrington materials.

There are several California-oriented conferences that convene annually: the California Indian Conference, an “interdenominational” gathering of people—specialist and nonspecialist, Native and non-Native—to read papers and give talks on topics and issues of interest to Native California studies; the Hokan/ Penutian Workshop, a gathering of linguists specializing in Hokan and Penutian languages (watch for announcements in the SSILA Newsletter); and the California Indian Storytelling Festival, which was inaugurated in 1995 (check their website for information).

G. Tribal Booklets and Instructional Materials

Many tribes, sometimes working in cooperation with linguists, sometimes working on their own, produce documentary and pedagogical materials for their languages, in the form of text collections, teaching grammars, vocabularies and dictionaries, videos, and so forth. These materials tend to be geared more toward the classroom and the community—practical applications—than to the specialist audience of professional linguists and language consultants. Sometimes these materials are readily available, but often they are distributed only locally and can be very difficult to obtain. Accessible or not, they do exist, and it seems worthwhile to list them here.

Some examples I've run across include Lucy Arvidson's Alaawich (Our Language): First Book of Words in the Tübatulabal Language of Southern California; James Bauman, Ruby Miles, and Ike Leaf's Pit River Teaching Dictionary; Ruth Bennett's Hupa Spelling Book; Catherine Callaghan and Brian Bibby's Northern Sierra Miwok Language Handbook and Let's Learn Northern Sierra Miwok; Ted Couro and Christina Hutcheson's Dictionary of Mesa Grande Diegueño; Ted Couro and Margaret Langdon's Let's Talk 'Iipay Aa: An Introduction to the Mesa Grande Diegueño Language; Victor Golla's Hupa Stories, Anecdotes, and Conversations; Villiana Hyde's An Introduction to the Luiseño Language; Roscinda Nolasquez and Anne Galloway's I'i Muluwit: First Book of Words in the Cupeño Indian Language of Southern California; Jesús Ángel Ochoa Zazueta's Ya'abú ti'nñar jaspuy'pai (Esta es la Escritura Pai'pai); Thomas Parsons's The Yurok Language, Literature, and Culture; and Katherine Saubel and Pamela Munro's Chem'ivillu': Let's Speak Cahuilla.

H. Films and Documentaries

Several recent movies and documentaries have focused on California Indian cultures. Two of them concern Ishi: the Ishi Documentation Project's excellent

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documentary Ishi, the Last Yahi, and the considerably more popularized HBO production Ishi, Last of His Tribe, starring Graham Green as Ishi and Jon Voight as A. L. Kroeber. Ken Burns's PBS series The West contains a good bit of California coverage, including (for once) some Indian perspective on the Spanish Mission period and the Gold Rush. Finally, Greg Sarris's miniseries Grand Avenue, which follows the lives of contemporary Indians in Northern California (and is based on his short-story collection of the same name), aired on HBO in 1996.

I. Internet Sites and Discussion Groups

The Survey of California and Other Indian Languages maintains a website with a searchable database indexing its holdings, along with pointers to other relevant addresses. The California Indian Library Collections site mentioned in section E provides maps, pictures, and basketry information, in addition to the tribal bibliographies. The UC Berkeley linguistics department has a homepage that includes information about conferences and California language courses, sometimes even including data gathered from ongoing classes in linguistic field methods. The California Indian Storytelling Festival also has a website, with information on upcoming festivals and other issues. Addresses for these and other relevant sites, as of time of publication, are as follows:

The California Indian Storytelling Festival: http://www.ucsc.edu/costano/story1.html

California Indian Library Collections: http://www.mip.berkeley.edu/cilc/brochure/brochure.html

Survey of California and Other Indian Languages: http://www.linguistics.berkeley.edu/lingdept/research/Survey/SCOI L.html

The Cahto (Kato) Language Page: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/6010/

Costanoan-Ohlone Indian Canyon Resource: http://www.ucsc.edu/costano/

UC Berkeley Department of Linguistics: http://www.linguistics.berkeley.edu/lingdept/

Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas: http://www.trc2.ucdavis.edu/ssila

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REFERENCES

This bibliography contains the full citations for all works referred to in this volume, including the “Further Reading” sections found with each individual introduction.

Abbreviations

CAL-HB	California, ed. Robert F. Heizer. Vol. 8 of the Smithsonian Handbook of North American Indians, ed. William C. Sturtevant (1978). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
IJAL	International Journal of American Linguistics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
IJAL-NATS	International Journal of Linguistics, Native American Texts Series. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
JAF	Journal of American Folklore. Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Co. for the American Folklore Society.
NNC	News from Native California: An Inside View of the California Indian World. Berkeley: Heyday Books.
RSCOIL	Reports from the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages. Berkeley: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California.
UCAR	University of California Anthropological Records. Berkeley: University of California Press.
UCPAAE	University of California Publications in Archaeology and Ethnology. Berkeley: University of California Press.
UCPL	University of California Publications in Linguistics. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Allen, Elsie. 1972. Pomo Basketmaking: A Supreme Art for the Weaver. Healdsburg, Calif.: Naturegraph Publishers.Allen, Elsie. 1989. “Boarding School.” NNC4.1.Angulo, Gui de. 1995. The Old Coyote of Big Sur: The Life and Times of Jaime deAngulo. Berkeley: Stonegarden Press.Angulo, Jaime de. 1935. “Pomo Creation Myth.” JAF48.189: 203–262.Angulo, Jaime de. 1953. Indian Tales. New York: A. A. Wyn.Angulo, Jaime de. 1976a. Shabegok. “Old Time Stories 1” . Berkeley: Turtle Island Foundation.Angulo, Jaime de. 1976b. How the World Was Made. “Old Time Stories 2” . Berkeley: Turtle Island Foundation.

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Angulo, Jaime de. 1990. Indians in Overalls. San Francisco: City Lights Books.Angulo, Jaime de, and L. S. Freeland. 1930. “The Achumawi Language.” IJAL7: 77–120.Angulo, Gui de. 1931a. “Karok Texts.” IJAL6.3–4: 194–226.Angulo, Gui de. 1931b. “Two Achumawi Tales.” JAF44.172: 125–136.Apodaca, Paul. 1997. “Completing the Circle.” Review of My Dear Miss Nicholson … Letters and Myths, by William R. Benson. NNC 11.1 (fall): 32–34.Applegate, Richard. 1972. “Ineseño Chumash Grammar.” Ph.D. diss., University of California at Berkeley.Applegate, Richard. 1975. “Chumash Narrative Folklore as Sociolinguistic Data.” Journalof California and Great Basin Anthropology2: 188–197.Arvidson, Lucy. 1976. Alaawich (Our Language): First Book of Words in the Tübatulabal Language of Southern California. Banning, Calif.: Malki Museum Press.Barrett, Samuel A.1919. “The Wintun Hesi Ceremony.” UCPAAE14.1: 437–448.Barrett, Samuel A.1933. Pomo Myths. “Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 15. Milwaukee” .Bass, Howard, and Green Rayna, prods. 1995. Heartbeat: Voices of First Nations Women. Washington: Smithsonian/Folkways Records (CD SF 40415).Bauman, James. 1980. “Chimariko Placenames and the Boundaries of Chimariko Territory.” In American Indian and Indo-European Studies: Papers in Honorof Madison S. Beeler, ed. Kathryn Klar, Margaret Langdon, and Shirley Silver, 11–29. The Hague: Mouton Publishers.Bauman, James, with Ruby Miles and Ike Leaf. 1979. Pit River Teaching Dictionary. “National Bilingual Materials Development Center, Rural Education, University of Alaska” .Baumho, Martin A., and David L. Olmsted. 1964. “Note, on Palaihnihan Culture History: Glottochronology and Archaeology.” In Studies in Californian Linguistics, ed. W. Bright. UCPL 34: 1–12.Beals, Ralph. 1933. “Ethnography of the Nisenan.” UCPAAE31.6: 335–414.Bean, Lowell John, and Thomas Blackburn. 1976. Native Californians: A Theoretical Retrospective. Socorro, N.Mex.: Ballena Press.Bean, Lowell John, and Florence C. Shipek. 1978. “Luiseño.” CAL-HB: 550–563.Bean, Lowell John, and Charles R. Smith. 1978. “Serrano.” CAL-HB: 570–574.Bean, Lowell John, and Sylvia Brakke Smith. 1978. “Gabrielino.” CAL-HB: 538–549.Bean, Lowell John, and Sylvia Brakke Vane. 1978. “Cults and Their Transformations.” CAL-HB: 662–672.Bedoian, Vic, and Roberta Llewellyn. 1995. “Interview with Edna Guerrero.” NNC8.4 (spring): 40.

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Beeler, Madison. 1979. “Barbareño Chumash Text and Lexicon.” In Festschriftfor Archibald A. Hill, vol. 2, ed. M. A. Jazayery et al., 171–193. The Hague: Mouton.Benedict, Ruth. 1924. “A Brief Sketch of Serrano Culture.” American Anthropologist n.s.26:366–394.Benedict, Ruth. 1926. “Serrano Tales.” JAF39.151: 1–17.Bennett, Ruth S.1981. Hupa Spelling Book. Arcata, Calif.: Center for Community Development, Humboldt State University.Benson, William Ralganal. 1932. “The Stone and Kelsey Massacre on the Shoresof Clear Lake in 1849.” Quarterly of the California Historical Society11.3:266–273.Benson, William Ralganal. 1997. “My Dear Miss Benson … ”: Letters and Myths. Ed. Maria del Carmen Gasser. Pasadena, Calif.: Bickley Printing Company.Berman, Howard. 1980. “Two Chukchansi Coyote Stories.” In Coyote Stories II, ed. Martha B. Kendall. IJAL-NATS, Monograph 6: 56–70.Bevis, William. 1974. “American Indian Verse Translations.” College English35: 693–703.Bibby, Brian. 1992. “The Grindstone Roundhouse.” NNC6.3 (summer): 12–13.Bibby, Brian. 1996. The Fine Art of California Indian Basketry. Sacramento: Crocker Art Museum in association with Heyday Books.Bibby, Brian., ed. 1992. Living Traditions: A Museum Guide for Native American Peopleof California. Vol. 2: North-Central California. Sacramento: California Native American Heritage Commission.Blackburn, Thomas. 1975. December's Child: A Book of Chumash Oral Narratives. Berkeley: University of California Press.Blackburn, Thomas, and Kat Anderson, eds. 1993. Before the Wilderness: Environmental Management by Native Californians. Ballena Press Anthropological Papers 40. Menlo Park, Calif.: Ballena Press.Bommelyn, Loren, and Berneice Humphrey. 1985. Booklet of Tolowa Stories. 2ded. Crescent City, Calif.: Tolowa Language Committee and the Del Norte County Title IV-A American Indian Education Program.Bommelyn, Loren, and Berneice Humphrey. 1987. Xus We-Yo': Tolowa Language. 2d ed.. Crescent City, Calif.: Tolowa Language Committee.Bommelyn, Loren, and Berneice Humphrey. 1995. Now You're Speaking Tolowa. Happy Camp, Calif.: Naturegraph Publishers.Boscana, Geronimo. 1933 [1846]. Chinigchinich: A Revised and Annotated Version of Alfred Robinson's Translation of Father Geronimo Boscana's Historical Account of the Belief, Usages, Customs, and Extravagencies[!] of the Indians of This Mission of San Juan Capistrano Called the Acagchemem Tribe. Ed. P. T.Hanna. Santa Ana, Calif.: Fine Arts Press.

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