Select Bibliography

Primary Sources

Persian or Arabic

‘Abd al-Latif. “Safar-nāma” . In A Description of North Bengal in 1609 A.D. Translated by Jadunath Sarkar. Bengal Past and Present 35 (1928): 143–46.

‘Abd al-Razzaq. “Matla‘ al-sa‘dain” . Extracts in The History of India as Told by Its Own Historians, translated and edited by H. M. Elliot and John Dowson, 4: 89–126. 8 vols. Allahabad: Kitab Mahal, 1964.

Abu’l-fazl ‘Allami. ā’īn-i Akbarī. 3 vols. Lucknow: Nawal Kishor, 1869. English edition: vol. 1 translated by H. Blochmann, edited by D. C. Phillott; vols. 2 and 3 translated by H. S. Jarrett, edited by Jadunath Sarkar. 2d ed. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1927. Reprint. New Delhi: Oriental Books Reprint Corp., 1977–78.

——————. Akbar-nāma. Edited by Abdur Rahim. 3 vols. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1873–87. Translated by Henry Beveridge. 3 vols. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1897–1921. Reprint. New Delhi: Ess Ess Publications, 1979.

Ahbar as-Sin wa al-Hind: Relations de la Chine et de l’Inde. Translated by Jean Sauvaget. Paris: Société d’édition “Les Belles Lettres” . 1948.

Ansari, ‘Abd al-Samad. Akhbār al-aṣfiyā. Khuda Bakhsh Library, Patna. Persian MS. No. 188. Compiled 1645.

Askari, S.H. “New Light on Rajah Ganesh and Sultan Ibrahim Sharqi of Jaunpur from Contemporary Correspondence of Two Muslim Saints” . Letters of Shaikh Nur Qutb-i ‘Alam and Ashraf Jahangir Simnani. Translated by S. H. Askari. Bengal Past and Present 57 (1948): 32–39.

Baḥr al-ḥayāṭ. India Office Library, London. Persian MS. No. 2002.

Balkhi, Mahmud b.Amir Wali. The Bahr ul-Asrar: Travelogue of South Asia. Edited by Riazul Islam. Karachi: University of Karachi, 1980.

Balkhi, Muzaffar Shams. Maktūbāt-i Muz̄affar Shams Balkhī. Persian MS. Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library, Patna. Acc. No. 1859.

Barani, Zia al-Din. Tārīkh-i Fīrūz Shāhī. Edited by Saiyid Ahmad Khan. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1862. Extracts in The History of India as Told by Its Own Historians, translated and edited by H. M. Elliot and John Dowson, 3: 93–268. 8 vols. Allahabad: Kitab Mahal, 1964.

Chishti, ‘Abd al-Rahman. Mirāt al-asrār. Khuda Bakhsh Library, Patna. Persian MS. No. 204. Compiled 1654.

Dani, Ahmad Hasan. Bibliography of the Muslim Inscriptions of Bengal, Down to A.D. 1538. Appendix to the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Pakistan 2. Dacca: Asiatic Society of Pakistan, 1957.

Dastūr al-‘amal-i ‘ālamgīrī. Persian MS. British Library, London. Add. 6599. Copy at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Department of History. RotographNo. 53.

Desai, Z.A. “Correct Attribution of the Two So-called Inscriptions of Nasirud-din Mahmud Shah II of Bengal” . Epigraphia Indica, Arabic and Persian Supplement (1973): 26–35.

——————. “An Early Thirteenth-Century Inscription from West Bengal” . Epigraphia Indica, Arabic and Persian Supplement (1975): 6–12.

——————. “The So-Called Chunakhali Inscription of Nasirud-din Mahmud Shah II of Bengal” . Epigraphia Indica, Arabic and Persian Supplement (1973): 36–43.

Dihlavi, ‘Abd al-Haq Muhaddis. Akhbār al-akhyār. Deoband, U. P.: Kitab Khana-yi Rahimia, 1915–16.

Fakhr al-Din Razi. Jāmi‘ al-‘ulūm. Edited by Muhammad Khan Malik al-Kuttab. Bombay, A.H. 1323 [A.D. 1905].

Firdausi, Shaikh Shu‘aib. Manāqib al-aṣfiyā. Calcutta: Nur al-Afaq, 1895.

Firishta, Muhammad Qasim. Tārīkh-i Firishta. 2 vols. Lucknow: Nawal Kishor, 1864–65. Translated by John Briggs under the title History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power in India. 4 vols. London, 1829. Reprint. 3 vols. Calcutta: Editions Indian, 1966.

Haidar, Maulvi Muhammad Nasir al-Din. Suhail-i Yaman, or Tārīkh-i Jalālī. Persian MS. Muslim Sahitya Samsad, Sylhet. Compiled A.H. 1277 [A.D. 1860–61].

Hussain, S.S. “Some More New Inscriptions of Husain Shah from West Bengal,” Epigraphia Indica, Arabic and Persian Supplement (1975): 31–38.

Hujwiri, ‘Ali b.‘Uthman al-Jullabi al-. The Kashf al-Maḥjūb: The Oldest Persian Treatise on Sufiism. Translated by Reynold A. Nicholson. 1911. 2d ed. 1936. Reprint. London: Luzac, 1970.

Ibn Battuta, The Rehla of Ibn Battuta. Translated by Mahdi Husain. Baroda: Oriental Institute, 1953.

Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalani. Inbā’ al-ghumr bi-anbā al-‘umr. 3 vols. Cairo: al-Majlis al-A‘lā li-l-Shu’ūn al-Islāmiyah, 1969.

Ikram, S.M. “An Unnoticed Account of Shaikh Jalal of Sylhet” . Journal of the Asiatic Society of Pakistan 2 (1957): 63–68.

Inayat Khan. Shah Jahan Nama. Translated by A. R. Fuller. Edited by W. E. Begley and Z. A. Desai. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Jahangir. The Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī, or Memoires of Jahāngīr. Translated by Alexander Rogers. Edited by Henry Beveridge. 2d ed. 2 vols. in 1. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1968.

Jamali, Maulana. Siyar al-‘ārifīn. Delhi: Matba‘ Rizvi, 1893.

Kanun Daimer Nathi. Persian and Bengali MSS. Chittagong. Chittagong District Collectorate Record Room.

Karim, Abdul. Corpus of the Muslim Coins of Bengal, down to A.D. 1538. Asiatic Society of Pakistan Publication No. 6. Dacca: Asiatic Society of Pakistan, 1960.

——————. “Nur Qutb Alam’s Letter on the Ascendancy of Ganesa” . In Abdul Karim Sahitya-Visarad Commemoration Volume, edited by Muhammad Enamul Haq, 335–43. Dacca: Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, 1972.

Kazim b. Muhammad Amin, Munshi Amin(d. 1681). ‘ālamgīr-nāma. Edited by Khadim Husain and ‘Abd al-Hai. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1868.

Mas‘udi. Les Prairies d’or [Murūj al-dhahab]. Translated by Barbier de Meynard and Pavet de Courteille. Corrected by Charles Pellat. Vol. 1. Paris: Société asiatique, 1962.

Minhaj-ud-Din Abu’l-‘Umar-i-‘Usman, Maulana. ṭabaḳāt-i-Nāṣirī: A General History of the Muhammadan Dynasties of Asia, Including Hindustan (810–1260). Translated by H. G. Raverty. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1881. Reprint. 2 vols. New Delhi: Oriental Books Reprint Corp., 1970.

Muhsin Fani. Dabistān-i mażāhib. Edited by Nazir Ashraf and W. B. Bayley. Calcutta, 1809.

Nathan, Mirza. Bahāristān-i ghaibī. Paris: Bibliothèque nationale. Sup. Pers. MS. No. 252. Photostat copies: Dhaka University Library, Dhaka; National Library, Calcutta, Sarkar Collection No. 60, Acc. No. 1327.

——————. Bahāristān-i-ghaybī: A History of the Mughal Wars in Assam, Cooch Behar, Bengal, Bihar and Orissa during the Reigns of Jahāngīr and Shāhjahān, by Mīrzā Nathan. Translated by M. I. Borah. 2 vols. Gauhati, Assam: Government of Assam, 1936.

Ni‘mat Allah, Khwajah. Tārīkh-i Khān Jahān wa makhzan-i Afghān. Edited by S. M. Imam al-Din. 2 vols. Asiatic Society of Pakistan Publication No. 4. Dacca: Asiatic Society of Pakistan, 1960.

Nizamuddin Ahmad, Khwajah. The ṭabaqāt-i-Akbarī. Edited by Brajendranath De and M. Hidayat Hosein. 3 vols. Calcutta: Bibliotheca Indica, 1931–35. Translated by B. De. 3 vols. Calcutta: Bibliotheca Indica, 1927–39.

Nur Qutb-i ‘Alam, Shaikh. Maktūbāt-i Shaikh Nūr Quṭb-i ‘ālam. Persian MS. Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Maulana Azad Library. Subhan Allah No. 297671/18. Copy in the Indian National Archives, New Delhi. Or. MS. No. 332.

——————. Mu’nis al-fuqarā’. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta. Persian MS. No. 466.

Nurul Hasan, S. “Three Studies of Zamindari System” . In Medieval India—A Miscellany, vol. 1, edited by K. A. Nizami, 233–39. Bombay: Asia Publishing House, 1969.

Qeyammudin Ahmad. Corpus of Arabic and Persian Inscriptions of Bihar (A.D. 640–1200). Patna: K. P. Jayaswal Research Institute, 1973.

Rajgiri, Imam al-Din. Manāhij al-shaṭṭār. Khuda Bakhsh Library, Patna. 2 vols. Persian MSS. Nos. 1848, 1848-A.

Register of Sanads. Persian MSS. Sylhet: Sylhet District Collectorate Record Room.

Sakhavi, Muhammd. al-Zau’ al-lāmi‘ li-ahl al-qarn al-tāsi‘. 12 vols. Beirut: Maktabat al-Hayat, 1966. Vols. 2 and 8.

Salim, Ghulam Hussain. Riyāzu-s-Salātīn: A History of Bengal. Translated by Abdus Salam. 1903. Reprint. Delhi: Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli, 1975.

Salimullah, Munshi. Tarīkh-i-Bangālah. Edited by S. M. Imamuddin. Dacca: Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, 1979.

Sarwani, ‘Abbas Khan. Tārīkh-i śēr śāhī. Translated by B. P. Ambashthya. Patna: K. P. Jayaswal Research Institute, 1974.

Shams-i Siraj ‘Afif. Tārīkh-i Fīrūz Shāhī. Edited by Maulavi Vilayat Husain. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1891. Extracts in The History of India as Told by Its Own Historians, translated and edited by Henry Elliot and John Dowson, 3: 269–373. 8 vols. Allahabad: Kitab Mahal, 1964

Shamsud-Din Ahmed, ed. and trans. Inscriptions of Bengal. Vol. 4. Rajshahi: Varendra Research Museum, 1960.

Shattari, Muhammad Ghauthi. Gulzār-i abrār. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta. Persian MS. No. 259. Compiled 1613. Translated into Urdu by Fazl Ahmad Jiwari. Lahore: Islamic Book Foundation, 1975.

Shihab al-Din Talish. Fatḥiyah-i ‘ibriyah. Persian MS. Bodleian Library, Oxford. MS Bodl. Or. 589. Extracts translated by H. Blochmann in “Koch Bihar, Koch Hajo, and Assam in the 16th and 17th Centuries, According to the Akbarnamah, the Padshahnamah, and the Fathiyah i ‘Ibriyah,” Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 41, no. 1 (1872): 49–101. Extracts translated by Jadunath Sarkar in “The Conquest of Chatgaon, 1666 A.D.,” Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 3 (1907): 405–17; “Assam and the Ahoms in 1660 A.D.,” Journal of the Bihar and Orissa Research Society 1, no. 2 (1915): 179–95; and “Shaista Khan in Bengal (1664–66),” Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, n.s., 2, no. 6 (June 1906): 257–67.

Siddiq, Mohammad Yusuf. Arabic and Persian Texts of the Islamic Inscriptions of Bengal. Watertown, Mass.: South Asia Press, 1991.

Simnani, Shaikh Ashraf Jahangir. Maktūbāt-i ashrafī. Persian MS. Aligarh Muslim University History Department, Aligarh. MS. No. 27. Copy in the British Library, London. Or. MS. No. 267.

Yusuf Husain. “Haud al-hayat: La Version arabe de l’Amratkund” . Journal asiatique 113 (October-December 1928): 291–344.

Bengali or Sanskrit

Gupta, Kamalakanta. Copper-plates of Sylhet. Vol. 1. Sylhet: Lipika Enterprises, 1967.

Huq, Muhammad Enamul, ed. Muslim Bāṅglā Sāhitya. 2d ed. Dacca: Pakistan Publications, 1965.

Husain, Syed Sajjad, ed. and trans. A Descriptive Catalogue of Bengali Manuscripts in Munshi Abdul Karim’s Collection, by Munshi Abdul Karim and Ahmad Sharif. Dacca: Asiatic Society of Pakistan, 1960.

Khan, Muhammad. Maqtul Husain. Dhaka Museum, Dhaka. MS. No. 2826. Acc. No. 6634.

Krsnadasa Kaviraja Goswami. śrī Caitanya-Caritāmṛta. Abridged and edited by Sukumar Sen. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1977. Translated and edited by A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami. 17 vols. New York: Bhaktivedanta Book Trust, 1973–75.

Majumdar, Nani Gopal. Inscriptions of Bengal. Vol. 3. Rajshahi: Varendra Research Society, 1929.

Maulik, Ksitish, ed. Pracīn Pūrba Baṅga Gītikā. 7 vols. Calcutta: Mukherjee Publishers, 1972.

Mukherji, Ramaranjan and Sachindra Kumar Maity. Corpus of Bengal Inscriptions Bearing on History and Civilization of Bengal. Calcutta: Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay, 1967.

Mukundaram. Kavikaṅkaṇa Caṇḍī. Edited by Srikumar Bandyopadhyay and Visvapati Chaudhuri. Calcutta: University of Calcutta, 1974.

Muttalib, Shaikh. Kifayat al-Mussalin. Dhaka Museum, Dhaka. MS. No. 2825.

Roerich, George, trans. Biography of Dharmasvamin (Chag lo-tsa-ba Chos-rje-dpal), a Tibetan Monk Pilgrim. Patna: K. P. Jawaswal Research Institute, 1959.

Saiyid Sultan. Nabī-Baṃśa. Ca. 1584. Edited by Ahmed Sharif. 2 vols. Dhaka: Bangla Academy, 1978.

Sen, Dinesh Chandra, ed. and trans. Eastern Bengal Ballads, Mymensing. 4 vols. Calcutta: University of Calcutta, 1923–28.

Sen, Sukumar, ed. and trans. Sekasubhodaya of Halayudha Misra. Calcutta: Asiatic Society, 1963.

Sircar, D.C. Some Epigraphical Records of the Medieval Period from Eastern India. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications, 1979.

Vijaya Gupta. Padma-Purāṇa. Edited by Jayanta Kumar Dasgupta. Calcutta: University of Calcutta, 1962.

Vipra Das. Manasā-Vijaya. Edited by Sukumar Sen. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1953.

Vishnu Pala. Manasā-Maṅgala. Edited by Sukumar Sen. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1968.

Vrindavan Das. śrī-śrī Caitanya Bhāgavat. Calcutta: Dev Sahitya Kutar, 1980.

Chinese

Bagchi, P.C. “Political Relations between Bengal and China in the Pathan Period” . Visva-Bharati Annals 1 (1945): 96–134.

Hiuen Thsiang. Chinese Accounts of India, Translated from the Chinese of Hiuen Thsiang. Translated by Samuel Beal. 4 vols. Calcutta: Susil Gupta, 1958.

I-Tsing. A Record of the Buddhist Religion as Practiced in India and the Malay Archipelago (A.D. 671–695). Translated by J. Takakusu. Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1966.

Ma Huan. Ying-yai Sheng-lan: “The Overall Survey of the Ocean’s Shores” . Translated by J. V.G. Mills. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.

Rockhill, W.W. “Notes on the Relations and Trade of China with the Eastern Archipelago and the Coast of the Indian Ocean during the Fourteenth Century” . T’oung Pao 16, pt. 2 (1915): 61–73, 435–55.

European

Barbosa, Duarte. The Book of Duarte Barbosa. Translated by M. L. Dames. London: Hakluyt Society, 1921. Reprint. 2 vols. Nendoln/Liechtenstein: Kraus Reprint, 1967.

Bernier, François. Travels in the Mogul Empire, A.D. 1656–68. Translated by Archibald Constable. 2d ed. New Delhi: S. Chand & Co., 1968.

Buchanan, Francis. A Geographical, Statistical, and Historical Description of the District, or Zila, of Dinajpur, in the Province, or Soubah, of Bengal. Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1833.

——————. An Account of a Journey Undertaken by Order of the Bd. of Trade through the Provinces of Chittagong and Tipperah in order to look out for the Places most Proper for the Cultivation of Spices (March-May, 1798). British Library, London. Eur. MSS. Add. 19286.

Dagh-Register gehouden int Casteel Batavia vant passerende daer ter plaetse als over geheel Nederlandts-India. 30 vols. Batavia: C. Kolff, 1887–1931.

Federici, Cesare. “Extracts of Master Caesar Frederike his Eighteene Yeeres Indian Observations” . In Hakluytus Posthumus, or Purchas his Pilgrimes, by Samuel Purchas (1625), 10: 83–143. 20 vols. Glasgow: James MacLehose & Sons, 1905.

Fitch, Ralph. “The Voyage of Master Ralph Fitch Merchant of London to Ormus, and so to Goa in the East India, to Cambaia, Ganges, Bengala” . In Hakluytus Posthumus, or Purchas his Pilgrimes, by Samuel Purchas (1625), 10: 165–204. 20 vols. Glasgow: James MacLehose & Sons, 1905.

Generale missiven van gouverneurs-generaal en raden aan Heren XVII der Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1971.

Hosten, H. “The Earliest Recorded Episcopal Visitation of Bengal, 1712–1715” . Bengal Past and Present 6 (July-December 1910): 200–227.

——————. “Jesuit Letters from Bengal, Arakan and Burma (1599–1600)” . Bengal Past and Present 30 (1925): 52–78.

Khan, Shafaat Ahmad, ed. John Marshall in India: Notes and Observations in Bengal, 1668–1672. London: Oxford University Press, 1927.

Lettres édifiantes et curieuses écrites des missions étrangères. 36 vols. Paris: J. G. Merigot, 1781.

Manrique, Fray Sebastien. Travels of Fray Sebastien Manrique, 1629–1643. Translated by E. Luard and H. Hosten. Hakluyt Society Publications, 2d ser., nos. 59, 61. 2 vols. Oxford: Hakluyt Society, 1927.

Pires, Tome. Suma Oriental of Tome Pires. Translated by A. Cortesão. Hakluyt Society Publications, 2d ser., nos. 89–90. 2 vols. London: Hakluyt Society, 1944.

Pyrard, François. The Voyage of François Pyrard of Laval to the East Indies, the Maldives, the Moluccas and Brazil. Edited and Translated by Albert Gray. 2 vols. Hakluyt Society Publications, 1st ser., nos. 76, 77, 80. 1887–90. Reprint. 2 vols. in 3 parts. New York: Burt Franklin, n.d.

Sen, Surendranath, ed. Indian Travels of Thevenot and Careri. New Delhi: National Archives of India, 1949.

Tavernier, Jean Baptiste. Travels in India. Translated by V. Ball. 2 vols. London: Macmillan, 1889. Reprint. Lahore: Al-Biruni, 1976.

Varthema, Ludovico di. The Travels of Ludovico di Varthema in Egypt, Syria, Arabia Deserta and Arabia Felix, in Persia, India, and Ethiopia, A.D. 1503–1508. Translated by John W. Jones. Edited by George P. Badger. Hakluyt Society Publications, 1st ser., no. 32. 1863. Reprint. New York: Burt Franklin, n.d.

Voyage dans les deltas du Gange et de l’Irraouaddy: Relation portugaise anonyme (1521). Translated and edited by Genevieve Bouchon and Luis Filipe Thomaz. Paris: Centre culturel portugais, 1988.

Yule, Henry, and HenriCordier, trans. and eds. The Book of Ser Marco Polo. 3d ed. 2 vols. Amsterdam: Philo Press, 1975.

Secondary Sources

Abid Ali Khan, M. History and Archeology of Bengal, or Memoirs of Gaur and Pandua. Edited and revised by H. E. Stapleton. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat, 1931. Reprint. New Delhi: Asian Publication Services, 1980.

Ali, Muhammad Mohar. History of the Muslims in Bengal. Vol. 1A-B. Riyadh: Imam Muhammad Ibn Sa‘ud Islamic University, 1985.

Arasaratnam, S. “The Rice Trace in Eastern India, 1650–1740” . Modern Asian Studies 22, no. 3 (1988): 531–49.

Ascoli, F. D. Final Report on the Survey and Settlement Operations in the District of Dacca, 1910 to 1917. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Book Depot, 1917.

Asher, Catherine B. “Inventory of Key Monuments” . In The Islamic Heritage of Bengal, edited by George Michell, 37–140. Paris: UNESCO, 1984.

——————. “The Mughal and Post-Mughal Periods” . In The Islamic Heritage of Bengal, edited by George Michell, 193–212. Paris: UNESCO, 1984.

Askari, S. H. “The Correspondence of Two Fourteenth-Century Sufi Saints of Bihar with the Contemporary Sovereigns of Delhi and Bengal” . Journal of the Bihar Research Society 42, no. 2 (1956): 177–95.

——————. Maktub and Malfuz Literature as a Source of Socio-Political History. Patna: Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library, 1981.

——————. “The Mughal-Magh Relations Down to the Time of Islam Khan Mashhadi” . In Indian History Congress, Proceedings, 22d session (Gauhati, 1959), 201–13. Bombay: Indian History Congress, 1960.

——————. “New Light on Rajah Ganesh and Sultan Ibrahim Sharqi of Jaunpur from Contemporary Correspondence of Two Muslim Saints” . Bengal Past and Present 57 (1948): 32–39.

Bagchi, Kanangopal. The Ganges Delta. Calcutta: University of Calcutta, 1944.

Beveridge, H. “The Antiquities of Bagura (Bogra)” . Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 47, no. 1 (1878): 88–95.

——————. The District of Bakarganj: Its History and Statistics. London: Trubner, 1876.

Beverley, H. Report on the Census of Bengal, 1872. Calcutta: Secretariat Press,1872.

Bhadra, Gautam. “Two Frontier Uprisings in Mughal India” . In Subaltern Studies II: Writings on South Asian History and Society, edited by Ranajit Guha, 43–59. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1983.

Bhattacharjee, P. N. “Folkcustom and Folklore of the Sylhet District of India” . Man in India 10, no. 1 (January-March 1930): 116–49, 244–70.

Bhattacharya, France. “La Déesse et le royaume selon le Kālaketu Upākhyāna du Caṇḍī Maṅgala” . In Puruṣārtha, vol. 5, Autour de la déesse hindoue, edited by Madeleine Biardeau, 17–53. Paris: Ecole des Hautes études en sciences sociales, 1981.

Bhattacharya, N. D. “Changing Course of the Padma and Human Settlements” . National Geographic Journal of India 24, nos. 1 and 2 (March-June 1978): 62–76.

Bhattacharyya, Sudhindra Nath. A History of Mughal North-east Frontier Policy. Calcutta: Chuckervertty, Chatterjee & Co., 1929.

Bhattacharya, Swapna. Landschenkungen und staatliche Entwicklung im frühmittelalterlichen Bengalen. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1985.

Bhattacharyya, Asutosh. “The Early Bengali Saiva Poetry” . Dacca University Studies 6, no. 2 (1944): 153–216.

——————. “The Tiger-Cult and Its Literature in Lower Bengal” . Man in India 27, no. 1 (March 1947): 44–56.

Bhattasali, Nalini Kanta. “Antiquity of the Lower Ganges and Its Courses” . Science and Culture 7, no. 5 (1941): 233–39.

——————. “Bengal Chiefs’ Struggle for Independence in the Reigns of Akbar and Jahangir” . Bengal Past and Present 35 (January-June 1928): 25–39.

——————. Coins and Chronology of the Early Independent Sultans of Bengal. Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons, 1922. Reprint. New Delhi: Indological Book Corporation, 1976.

Blochmann, H. “Contributions to the Geography and History of Bengal” . Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 42, no. 3 (1873): 209–73; 43, no. 3 (1874): 280–309.

Borah, M. I. “An Account of the Immigration of Persian Poets into Bengal” . Dacca University Studies 1 (November 1935): 141–50.

Brown, Percy. Indian Architecture, Islamic Period. 5th ed. Bombay: D. B. Taraporevala, 1968.

Buchanan-Hamilton MSS: List of Papers Respecting the District of Ronggopur. India Office Library, London. Eur. MSS. D 74. Vol. 1. Books 1 and 2.

Calkins, Philip B. “The Formation of a Regionally Oriented Ruling Group in Bengal, 1700–1740” . Journal of Asian Studies 29, no. 4 (1970): 799–806.

——————. “Revenue Administration and the Formation of a Regionally Oriented Ruling Group in Bengal, 1700–1740” . Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 1972.

Campos, J. J. A. History of the Portuguese in Bengal. 1919. Reprint. New York: AMS Press, 1975.

Chatterjee, Anjali. Bengal in the Reign of Aurangzeb, 1658–1707. Calcutta: Progressive Publishers, 1967.

Chatterji, S. K. Languages and Literatures of Modern India. Calcutta: Bengal Publishers Private, 1963.

——————. Origin and Development of Bengali Language. 3 vols. Calcutta: University of Calcutta Press, 1926.

Chaudhury, Sushil. “Merchants, Companies and Rulers: Bengal in the Eighteenth Century” . Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 31, no. 1 (February 1988): 74–109.

——————. Trade and Commercial Organization in Bengal, 1650–1720. Calcutta: Firma K. L. M., 1975.

Chowdhury, Abdul Momin. Dynastic History of Bengal, c. 750–1200 a.d. Dacca: Asiatic Society of Pakistan, 1967.

Clark, T. W. “Evolution of Hinduism in Medieval Bengali Literature: śiva, Caṇḍī, Manasā” . Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 17, no. 3 (1955): 503–18.

Correspondence on the Settlement of the Noabad Lands in the District of Chittagong. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat, 1871.

Cotton, H. J. S. Memorandum on the Revenue History of Chittagong. Calcutta: Secretariat Press, 1880.

Cunningham, Alexander. “Report of a Tour in Bihar and Bengal in 1879–80 from Patna to Sunargaon” . In Archaeological Survey of India, Report. Vol. 15. Calcutta, 1882.

Dani, Ahmad Hasan. “The Bengali Muslim Society: Its Evolution” . Bengali Literary Review 2 (1956): 4–9.

——————. “Coins of the Chandra Kings of East Bengal” . Journal of the Numismatic Society of India 24 (1962): 141–42.

——————. “The House of Raja Ganesa of Bengal” . Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal: Letters 18, no. 2 (1952): 121–70.

——————. Muslim Architecture in Bengal. Dacca: Asiatic Society of Pakistan, 1961.

——————. “Race and Culture Complex in Bengal” . In Social Research in East Pakistan, edited by Pierre Bessaignet. 2d ed. Dacca: Asiatic Society of Pakistan, 1964.

——————. “Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah, Shah-i Bangalah” . In Essays Presented to Sir Jadunath Sarkar, edited by Hari Ram Gupta, 50–58. Vol. 2. Hoshiarpur: Punjab University, 1958.

Datt, Kalikinkal. “Relations between the Hindus and the Muhammadans of Bengal in the Middle of the Eighteenth Century (1740–1765)” . Journal of Indian History 8 (1929): 328–35.

——————. Studies in the History of the Bengal Subah, 1740–70. Vol. 1, Society and Economy. Calcutta: University of Calcutta, 1936.

Desai, Ziauddin. “Some New Data Regarding the Pre-Mughal Rulers of Bengal” . Islamic Culture 32 (1958): 195–207.

Deyell, John S. “The China Connection: Problems of Silver Supply in Medieval Bengal” . In Precious Metals in the Later Medieval and Early Modern Worlds, edited by J. F. Richards, 207–24. Durham, N. C.: Carolina Academic Press, 1983.

Digby, Simon. “The Sufi Shaikh as a Source of Authority in Mediaeval India” . In Puruṣārtha, vol. 9, Islam et société en Asie du sud, edited by Marc Gaborieau, 57–77. Paris: Ecole des Hautes études en sciences sociales, 1986.

Dimock, Edward C., Jr. “Hinduism and Islam in Medieval Bengal” . In Aspects of Bengali History and Society, edited by Rachel Van M. Baumer, 1–12. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, c. 1975.

—————— and Ronald B. Inden. “The City in Pre-British Bengal” . In The Sound of Silent Guns and Other Essays, by Edward C. Dimock, Jr., 113–29. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1989.

—————— and A. K. Ramanujan. “The Goddess of Snakes in Medieval Bengali Literature” . History of Religions 3, no. 2 (Winter 1964).

Dutt, N. K. The Origin and Growth of Caste in India. 2 vols. Calcutta: Firma K. L.M., 1965.

Farid, G. S. “A New and Unique Ten Tankah Commemorative Coin of Jalaluddin Mohammad Shah of Bengal (818–837 A.H.)” . Journal of the Numismatic Society of India 38 (1976): 88–95.

Friedmann, Yohanan. “A Contribution to the Early History of Islam in India” . In Studies in Memory of Gaston Wiet, edited by Myriam Rosen-Ayalon. Jerusalem: Institute of Asian and African Studies, 1977.

——————. “Medieval Muslim Views of Indian Religions” . Journal of the American Oriental Society 95 (1975): 214–21.

Gait, E. A. “The Muhammadans of Bengal” . In Census of India, 1901, vol. 6, The Lower Provinces of Bengal and Their Feudatories, pt. 1, “Report,” 165–81. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Press, 1902.

——————. “Muhammadan Castes and Tribes” . In Census of India, 1901, vol. 6, The Lower Provinces of Bengal and Their Feudatories, pt. 1, “Report,” 439–51. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Press, 1902.

Ghoshal, Satyendranath. “The Beginning of Secular Romance in Bengali Literature” . Visva-Bharati Annals 9 (1959): 1–300.

Ghuznavi, Abu A. “Notes on the Origin, Social and Religious Divisions and Other Matters Touching on the Mahomedans of Bengal and Having Special Reference to the District of Maimensing” . India Office Library, London. N.d. Eur. MSS. E 295. Vol. 17.

Glasse, Robert. “La Société musulmane dans le Pakistan rural de l’Est” . Etudes rurales 22–24 (1968): 188–205.

Grover, B. R. “Evolution of the Zamindari and Taluqdari System in Bengal (1576–1765 A.D.)” . In Bangladesh Itihas Parishad: Third History Congress, Proceedings, 86–113. Dacca: Bangladesh Itihas Parishad, 1973.

Gupta, J. N. Eastern Bengal and Assam District Gazetters: Bogra. Allahabad: Pioneer Press, 1910.

Gupta, K. N. “On Some Castes and Caste-Origins in Sylhet” . Indian Historical Quarterly 7 (1931): 716–26.

Gupta, P. L. “Nagari Legend on Horseman Tankah of Muhammad bin Sam” . Journal of the Numismatic Society of India 35 (1973): 209–12.

——————. “On the Date of the Horseman Type Coin of Muhammad bin Sam” . Journal of the Numismatic Society of India 38 (1976): 81–87.

Habib, Irfan. An Atlas of the Mughal Empire. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1982.

Halim, A. “An Account of the Celebrities of Bengal of the Early Years of Shahjahan’s reign given by Muhammad Sadiq” . Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society 1 (1953): 338–56.

Hambly, Gavin. “A Note on the Trade in Eunuchs in Mughal Bengal” . Journal of the American Oriental Society 94, no. 1 (January-March 1974): 125–29.

Haq, Md.Enamul, trans. Muslim Bengali Literature. Karachi: Pakistan Publications, 1957.

Hasan, Perween. “Sultanate Mosques and Continuity in Bengal Architecture” . Muqarnas 6 (1989): 58–74.

Hasan, Syed Mahmudul. Muslim Monuments of Bangladesh. 2d ed. Dacca: Islamic Foundation, Bangladesh, 1980.

Huntington, Susan L. The “Pala-Sena” . Schools of Sculpture. Leiden: Brill, 1984.

Inden, Ronald. “The Ceremony of the Great Gift (Mahādāna): Structure and Historical Context in Indian Ritual and Society” . In Asie du sud: Traditions et changements, edited by Marc Gaborieau and Alice Thorner, 131–36. Paris: Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1979.

——————. Marriage and Rank in Bengali Culture: A History of Caste and Class in Middle-period Bengal. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1976.

Iqtidar Alam Khan. “The Nobility under Akbar and the Development of His Religious Policy, 1560–80” . Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, pts. 1 and 2 (1968): 29–36.

Jack, J. C. The Economic Life of a Bengal District: A Study. 1916. Reprint. Delhi: Agam Prakashan, 1975.

——————. Final Report on the Survey and Settlement Operations in the Bakarganj District, 1900–1908. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Book Depot, 1915.

——————. Final Report on the Survey and Settlement Operations in Faridpur District, 1904–14. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Book Depot, 1916.

Jackson, Paul. “The Life and Teachings of a Fourteenth-Century Sufi Saint of Bihar (Sharfuddin Ahmed Maneri)” . Ph.D. diss., Patna University, 1979.

Jafri, S. Z. H. “Rural Bureaucracy in Cooch Behar and Assam under the Mughals: Archival Evidence” . In Indian History Congress, Proceedings, 49th session (Karnataka University, 1988), 277–86. Delhi: Indian History Congress, 1989.

Karim, Abdul. Catalogue of Coins in the Cabinet of the Chittagong University Museum. Chittagong: University Museum, 1979.

——————. Dacca, the Mughal Capital. Dacca: Asiatic Society of Pakistan, 1964.

——————. “‘Khalifat Allah’ Title in the Coins of Bengal Sultans” . Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society 8, no. 1 (January 1960): 25–34.

——————. Murshid Quli Khan and his Times. Dacca: Asiatic Society of Pakistan, 1963.

——————. Social History of the Muslims of Bengal (down to A.D. 1538)Dacca: Asiatic Society of Pakistan, 1959. 2d ed. Chittagong: Baitush Sharif Islamic Research Institute, 1985.

Karim, Khondkar Mahbubul. The Provinces of Bihar and Bengal under Shahjahan. Dacca: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1974.

Kindersley, J. B. Final Report on the Survey and Settlement Operations of the District of Chittagong, 1923–33. Alipore: Bengal Government Press, 1938.

Klaiman, M. H. “Bengali” . In The World’s Major Languages, edited by Bernard Comrie, 490–513. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Lahiri, Nayanjot. “Landholding and Peasantry in the Brahmaputra Valley, c. Fifth-Thirteenth Centuries A.D.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 33, no. 2 (June 1990): 156–68.

Lambton, Ann K. S. State and Government in Medieval Islam. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981.

Lowick, Nicholas W. “The Horseman Type of Bengal and the Question of Commemorative Issues” . Journal of the Numismatic Society of India 35 (1973): 196–208.

McCutchion, David. “Hindu-Muslim Artistic Continuities in Bengal” . Journal of the Asiatic Society of Pakistan 13, no. 3 (December 1968): 233–49.

MacPherson, D. Final Report on the Survey and Settlement Operations in the Districts of Pabna and Bogra, 1920–29. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Book Depot, 1930.

Maity, P. K. Historical Studies in the Cult of the Goddess Manasā. Calcutta: Punthi Pustak, 1966.

Majumdar, Gayatri Sen. Buddhism in Ancient Bengal. Calcutta: Navana, 1983.

Majumdar, R. C. History of Ancient Bengal. Calcutta: G. Bharadwaj & Co., 1971.

——————. History of Medieval Bengal. Calcutta: G. Bharadwaj & Co., 1973.

——————. History of Bengal. 2d ed. Dacca: University of Dacca, 1963.

Majumdar, S. C. Rivers of the Bengal Delta. Calcutta: University of Calcutta Press, 1942.

Mannan, Qazi Abdul. The Emergence and Development of Dobhasi Literature in Bengal up to 1855. Dacca: University of Dacca, 1966.

Mauza Notes. English MSS. Barisal: Barisal District Collectorate Record Room. Dhaka: Dhaka District Collectorate Record Room.

Michell, George, ed. The Islamic Heritage of Bengal. Paris: UNESCO, 1984.

———Brick Temples of Bengal: From the Archives of David McCutchion. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983.

Mitter, Rupendra Coomar. The Decline of Buddhism in India. Calcutta: Visvabharati, 1954.

Moosvi, Shireen. The Economy of the Mughal Empire, c. 1595: A Statistical Study. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1987.

——————. “The Silver Influx, Money Supply, Prices and Revenue-Extraction in Mughal India” . Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 30, no. 1 (February 1987): 47–94.

Morgan, James P., and William G.McIntire. “Quaternary Geology of the Bengal Basin, East Pakistan and India” . Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 70 (March 1959): 319–42.

Morrison, Barrie M. Lalmai, a Cultural Center of Early Bengal: An Archaeological Report and Historical Analysis. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1974.

——————. Political Centers and Cultural Regions in Early Bengal. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1970.

——————. “Social and Cultural History of Bengal: Approaches and Methodology” . In Nalini Kanta Bhattasali Commemoration Volume, edited by A. B.M. Habibullah, 323–38. Dacca: Dacca Museum, 1966.

Mukerjee, R. K. The Changing Face of Bengal: A Study of Riverine Economy. Calcutta: University of Calcutta, 1938.

Mukhopadhyay, Somnath. Candi in Art and Iconography. Delhi: Agam Kala Prakashan, 1984.

Nazmul Karim, A. K. Changing Society in India and Pakistan: A Study in Social Change and Social Stratification. Dacca: Oxford University Press, 1956.

Nicholas, Ralph W. “Vaisnavism and Islam in Rural Bengal” . In Bengal: Regional Identity, edited by David Kopf. East Lansing: Asian Studies Center, Michigan State University, 1969.

Nisar Ahmad. “Assam-Bengal Trade in the Medieval Period: A Numismatic Perspective” . Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 33, no. 2 (June 1990): 169–97.

Niyogi, Puspa. Brahmanic Settlements in Different Subdivisions of Ancient Bengal. Calcutta: R. K. Maitra, 1967.

——————. Buddhism in Ancient Bengal. Calcutta: Jijnasa, 1980.

O’Connell, Joseph T. “Social Implications of the Gaudiya Vaisnava Movement” . Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1970.

——————. “Vaisnava Perceptions of Muslims in Sixteenth Century Bengal” . In Islamic Society and Culture: Essays in Honour of Professor Aziz Ahmad, edited by Milton Israel and N. K. Wagle. New Delhi: Manohar, 1983.

O’Malley, L. S.S.Eastern Bengal District Gazetteers: Chittagong. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Book Depot, 1908.

——————. Eastern Bengal District Gazetteers, Khulna. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Book Depot, 1908.

Prakash, Om. The Dutch East India Company and the Economy of Bengal, 1630–1720. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985.

——————. “Bullion for Goods: International Trade and the Economy of Early Eighteenth Century Bengal” . Indian Economic and Social History Review 13, no. 2 (April-June 1976): 159–88.

Qanungo, K. R. “How Local Custom Modifies Scripture (Personal Observation among Villagers of Chittagong Half a Century Ago)” . Bengal Past and Present 70 (1951): 23–33.

Qanungo, Suniti Bhushan. “Chittagong during the Afghan Rule, 1538–1580” . Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh 21, no. 2 (1976): 54–75.

Rahim, Muhammad Abdur. “Chittagong under the Pathan Rule in Bengal” . Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18, no. 1 (1952): 21–30.

——————. History of the Afghans in India, A.D. 1545–1631. Karachi: Pakistan Publishing House, 1961.

——————. Social and Cultural History of Bengal. Vol. 1, 1201–1576. Vol. 2, 1576–1757. Karachi: Pakistan Publishing House, 1963, 1967.

Ray, Rajat and Ratna. “Zamindars and Jotedars: A Study of Rural Politics in Bengal” . Modern Asian Studies 9, no. 1 (1975): 81–102.

Ray, Ratnalekha. “The Bengal Zamindars: Local Magnates and the State before the Permanent Settlement” . Indian Economic and Social History Review 12, no. 3 (July 1975): 263–92.

——————. Change in Bengal Society, c. 1760–1850. New Delhi: Manohar, 1979.

Ray, Niharranjan. “Medieval Bengali Culture” . Visva-Bharati Quarterly 11, no. 2 (August-October 1945): 45–55, 87–95.

Raychaudhuri, Tapan. Bengal under Akbar and Jahangir. 2d ed. Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1966.

Risley Collection. “Reports on the Religious and Social Divisions amongst the Mahomedans of Bengal” . India Office Library, London. Eur. MSS. E 295. Vol. 9.

Roy, Asim. “Islam in the Environment of Medieval Bengal” . Ph.D. diss., Australian National University, 1970.

——————. The Islamic Syncretistic Tradition in Bengal. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983.

——————. “The Social Factors in the Making of Bengali Islam” . South Asia 3 (August 1973): 23–35.

Rubbee, Khondkar Fuzli. The Origin of the Musalmans of Bengal. 2d ed. Dacca: Society for Pakistan Studies, 1970.

Sachse, F. A. Final Report on the Survey and Settlement Operations for the District of Mymensingh, 1908–19. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Book Depot, 1920.

Samiuddin, Saba. “The Nazims and the Zamindars of Bengal” . In Indian History Congress, Proceedings, 45th session (Annamalainagar, 1984), 435–43. Delhi: Indian History Congress, 1985.

Sanyal, Hitesranjan. “Religious Architecture in Bengal (15th–17th Centuries): A Study of the Major Trends” . In Indian History Congress, Proceedings, 32d session (Jabalpur, 1970), 1: 413–22. New Delhi: Indian History Congress, 1971.

——————. “Regional Religious Architecture in Bengal: A Study in the Sources of Origin and Character” . Marg 27, no. 2 (March 1974): 31–43.

——————. “Social Aspects of Temple Building in Bengal: 1600 to 1900 A.D.” Man in India 48, no. 3 (July-September 1968): 201–24.

——————. “Transformation of the Regional bhakti” Movement (Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries). In Bengal Vaisnavism, Orientalism, Society and the Arts, edited by Joseph T. O’Connell. East Lansing: Michigan State University, 1985.

Sarkar, Jadunath, ed. History of Bengal. Vol. 2, Muslim Period, 1200–1757. 1947. Patna: Janaki Prakashan, 1977.

Sarkar, Jagadish Narayan. Hindu-Muslim Relations in Bengal (Medieval Period). Delhi: Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli, 1985.

Sen, Dinesh Chandra. The Folk Literature of Bengal. Calcutta: University of Calcutta, 1920.

——————. History of Bengali Language and Literature. 2d ed. Calcutta: University of Calcutta, 1954.

Sen, Karunaketan. “Notes on the Rural Customs of Dinajpur District” . Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 3 (1937): 33–38.

Sen, Sukumar. History of Bengali Literature. 3d ed. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1979.

Shahidullah, Muhammad. Bāṅglā Sāhityer Kathā. 2 vols. Dhaka: M. Safiyyullah, 1965.

Shamsul Alam, A. K. M. Sculptural Art of Bangladesh, Pre-Muslim Period. Dhaka: Department of Archaeology and Museums, 1985.

Sharif, Ahmed. Bāṅgālī o Bāṅglā Sāhitya. 2 vols. Dhaka: Bangla Academy, 1983.

——————. Saiyad Sultān: tār Granthābalī o tār Jūg, Dhaka: Bangla Academy, 1972.

Sharma, Ram Sharan. Material Culture and Social Formations in Ancient India. New Delhi: Macmillan India, 1983.

Sidiq Khan, “A Study in Mughal Land Revenue System” . Islamic Culture 12 (1938): 61–75.

Smith, William L. The One-eyed Goddess: A Study of the Manasā-Maṅgal. Oriental Studies, no. 12. Stockholm: Almquist & Wiksell, 1980.

Skelton, Robert. “The Iskandar Nama of Nusrat Shah” . In Indian Painting: Mughal and Rajput and a Sultanate Manuscript, edited by Toby Falk, Ellen Smart, and Robert Skelton. London: P.& D. Colnaghi, 1978.

Stapleton, H. E. “Coins of Danujmardanna Deva and Mahendra Deva, Two Hindu Kings of Bengal” . Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, numismatic number, n.s., 26, no. 2 (1930): 5–13.

——————. “Contributions to the History and Ethnology of North-eastern India” . Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, n.s., 18 (1922): 407–27.

Strickland, C. Deltaic Formation, with Special Reference to the Hydrographic Processes of the Ganges and the Brahmaputra. Calcutta: Longmans, Green, 1940.

Strong, F. W. Eastern Bengal District Gazetteers: Dinajpur. Allahabad: Pioneer Press, 1912.

Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. “Notes on the Sixteenth-Century Bengal Trade” . Indian Economic and Social History Review 24, no. 3 (1987): 265–89.

Tarafdar, Momtazur Rahman. “The Bengali Muslims in the Pre-Colonial Period: Problems of Conversion, Class Formation, and Cultural Evolution” . In Puruṣārtha, vol. 9, Islam et société en Asie du sud, edited by Marc Gaborieau, 93–110. Paris: Ecole des Hautes études en sciences sociales, 1986.

——————. Husain Shahi Bengal, 1494–1538 A.D.: A Socio-Political Study. Dacca: Asiatic Society of Pakistan, 1965.

——————. “Trade and Society in Early Medieval Bengal” . Indian Historical Review 4, no. 2 (January 1978): 274–86.

Temple, R. C. “Buddermokan” . Journal of the Burma Research Society 15 (1925): 1–33.

Thapar, Romila. From Lineage to State: Social Formations in the Mid First Millennium B.C. in the Ganga Valley. Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1984.

Thomas, Edward. “The Initial Coinage of Bengal” . Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 36 (1867): 1–73; 42 (1873): 343–64.

Thompson, W. H. Final Report on the Survey and Settlement Operations in the District of Noakhali, 1914–1919. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Book Depot, 1919.

Titly, Norah M. Persian Miniature Painting and Its Influence on the Art of Turkey and India. London: British Library, 1983.

Thorp, John P. “Masters of Earth: Conceptions of ‘Power’ among Muslims of Rural Bangladesh” . Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 1978.

Waheeduzzaman, Abu Mohammad. “Land Resumption in Bengal, 1819–1846” . Ph.D. diss., University of London, 1969.

Webster, J. E. Eastern Bengal and Assam District Gazetteers: Noakhali. Allahabad: Pioneer Press, 1911.

Westland, J. A Report on the District of Jessore: Its Antiquities, Its History, and Its Commerce. 2d ed. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat, 1871.

Wink, André. “‘Al-Hind’: India and Indonesia in the Islamic World-Economy, c. 700–1800 A.D.” In Itinerario, special issue, The Ancien Régime in India and Indonesia, 33–72. Leiden: Gravaria, 1988.

——————. Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World. Vol. 1, Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, Seventh-Eleventh Centuries. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1990.

Wise, James. “The Hindus of Eastern Bengal” . Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 62, no. 3 (1893): 1–8.

——————. “The Muhammadans of Eastern Bengal” . Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 63 (1894): 28–63.

——————. “Note on Shah Jalal, the Patron Saint of Silhat” . Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 42, no. 3 (1873): 278–81.

——————. Notes on the Races, Castes and Traders of Eastern Bengal. 2 vols. London: Harrison & Sons, 1883.

Wood, W. H. Arden. “Rivers and Man in the Indus-Ganges Alluvial Plain” . Scottish Geographical Magazine 40, no. 1 (1924): 1–16.

Zbavitel, Dusan. Bengali Literature. Vol. 9, fasc. 3 of A History of Indian Literature, edited by Jan Gonda. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1976.

——————. Bengali Folk-Ballads from Mymensingh and the Problem of Their Authenticity. Calcutta: University of Calcutta, 1963.