A

1. Absorption coefficients for dissolved gases, 190, 191, 202

2. Absorption of radiation (see Radiation)

3. Abyssal-benthic zone, 277

   1. animals of, 805–810

4. Accessory growth factors, 769

5. Adaptations to planktonic existence, 764–766, 821–823

6. Adiabatic temperature distribution, Mindanao Trench, 739

7. Adiabatic temperature gradient, 63, 64

8. Advection, definition of, 157

9. Agulhas Stream, 696

10. Air-borne material in sediments, 955

11. Aleutian Current, 722, 723

12. Algae:

    1. benthic, distribution of, 290, 291, 293, 295, 782

    2. blue-green, 288–290

    3. brown, 291–294

    4. coralline, 290, 295, 855

    5. green, 290–291

    6. red, 294–295

    7. yellow-green, 295–302

13. Alkalinity, 195–198

    1. distribution, 208–210

    2. relation to calcium carkonate content, 1000, 1001

14. Allogenic minerals in sediments, 987

15. Alternation of generations:

    1. animals, 306, 319–320

    2. plants, 290, 292, 294

16. Aluminum, 182

17. Ammonia:

    1. distribution in oceans, 243, 244

    2. produced on sea bottom, 995

    3. role in nitrogen cycle, 256, 257

    4. seasonal variation, 252, 253

18. Amphidromic point, 557, 558

19. Anchoring, in deep sea, 361, 362

20. Angular velocity of earth's rotation, 433

21. Animal exclusion, hypothesis of, 900

22. Animal population, 303

    1. diversity of, 282

    2. ecological gropus:

       1. benthos, 280, 800

       2. nekton, 281, 810

       3. zooplankton, 281, 812

    3. synopsis of, 304–314

23. Animals and the environmental factors, 823–873

    1. light, 824

       1. color correlations, 824–830

       2. structural correlations, 830–833

       3. vertical migrations, 835–839

    2. ocean currents, 858–869

       1. dispersal by, 858

       2. maintenance of endemic population by, 863–865

    3. oxygen, 869

       1. anaerobic conditions, 871

       2. consumption of, 852, 853, 870, 873

    4. salinity, 839–843

       1. a selective agency, 840

       2. euryhalinity, 840

       3. size and, 842

       4. stenohalinity, 839

    5. temperature, 843–858

       1. effect of freezing, 844

       2. influence on calcium precipitation, 853

       3. influence on geographic distribution, 845, 849, 851

       4. influence on metabolism, 852

       5. influence on reproduction, 845–849, 857

       6. influence on size, 855–857

       7. influence on speciation, 867–869

24. Annelida:

    1. reproduction, 321

    2. synopsis, 308

25. Antarctic Circumpolar Current, 613–621

26. Antarctic Circumpolar Water, 607, 610–611

    1. renewal, 620

27. Antarctic Convergence, 139

    1. biology of, 809, 941, 942

    2. formation, 618

    3. location, 606, 607

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― 1062 ―

28. Antarctic Intermediate Water, 139, 608

    1. formation, 619

    2. Indian Ocean, 691, 692, 697

    3. North Atlantic, 670, 685, 686

    4. South Atlantic, 626, 627, 629

    5. South Pacific, 699–701

    6. spreading of, 139, 744, 745

29. Antarctic Ocean:

    1. bottom topography, 32

    2. currents, 613–621

    3. oxygen distribution, 621–623

    4. water masses, 605–613

30. Antilles Current, 672, 675

31. Aragonite, 998, 1027

32. Arctic Intermediate Water:

    1. North Atlantic, 670, 685, 686

    2. Pacific, 717, 718

       1. formation, 722

    3. spreading, 745

33. Arctic plankton, 856, 868

34. Argon, 189

35. Arsenic, 183

36. Arthropoda:

    1. reproduction, 322–324

    2. synopsis, 309

37. Artificial sea water, 185, 186

38. Ascendant, definition of, 156

39. Associations of organisms, 880–882

    1. commensalism, 881

    2. environmental associations, 880

    3. parasitism, 882

    4. symbiosis, 881

40. Atlantic Ocean (see also North Atlantic and South Atlantic):

    1. boundaries, 11

    2. equatorial region, 631–637

       1. currents, 632–637

       2. water masses, 631, 632

    3. oxygen distribution, 210, 686, 748

    4. tides, 581–585

41. Atmosphere, composition of, 189

42. Authigenic minerals in sediments, 1027

    1. frequency of occurrence, 987

43. Auxospores, 298