1. Clifford Geertz, "Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight," in TheInter-pretation of Cultures (New York: Basic Books, 1973), 220-221. [BACK]

2. May Douglas, Natural Symbols (New York: Pantheon, 1970), 123-140. [BACK]

3. Roy A. Rappaport, Pigs for the Ancestors: Ritual in the Ecology of a New Guinea People (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968), 29. [BACK]

4. Ibid., 31. [BACK]

6. Ibid., x. [BACK]

7. Ibid., xv. [BACK]

8. Ibid., xiv. [BACK]

9. Quoted in Elman R. Service, Profiles in Ethnology (New York: Harper & Row, 1963), 16. [BACK]

10. Quoted in Robert A. Trennert, "Indian Policy on the Santa Fe Road: The Fitzpatrick Controversy of 1847-1848," Kansas History 1, no. 4 (1978): 245. [BACK]

11. Ibid., 244-245. [BACK]

12. Ibid., 248. [BACK]

13. Ibid. [BACK]

14. Ibid., 248-250. [BACK]

15. Donald J. Berthrong, The Southern Cheyennes (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963), 113-114. [BACK]

16. Ibid., 119. [BACK]

17. The livestock of emigrants ate the grasses upon which the buffalo depended. Moreover, buffalo were restricted in their range because if they went near trails, they were shot by the newcomers who streamed along them. [BACK]

18. Ibid., 124. [BACK]

19. Berthrong, The Southern Cheyennes, 129. [BACK]

20. Ibid., 129-130. [BACK]

21. Ibid., 131. [BACK]

22. Ibid., 138. [BACK]

23. Ibid., 140-141. [BACK]

24. Although firearms were certainly in use by then, George Bent, the half-breed and renegade son of William and Owl Woman, recalled that they were "very few . . . in those days and most of these weapons were cheap, short-range smooth bores." From George E. Hyde, Life of George Bent, Written from His Letters, ed. Savioe Lottinville (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1968), 102. [BACK]

25. Berthrong, The Southern Cheyennes, 132. [BACK]

26. Quoted in Hyde, Life of George Bent, Written From His Letters, 105-107. [BACK]

27. Quoted in Stan Hoig, Jr., The Sand Creek Massacre (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1961), 7-8. [BACK]

28. Ibid., 19. [BACK]

29. Ibid., 19. [BACK]

30. Ray C. Colton, The Civil War in the Western Territories: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1959), 49-80. [BACK]

31. Berthrong, Southern Cheyennes, 157. [BACK]

32. Ibid., 174. [BACK]

33. Ibid., 190, and Hoig, Sand Creek Massacre, 58-59. [BACK]

34. Ibid., 60. [BACK]

35. Ibid., 61. [BACK]

36. Otis B. Spencer, "A Sketch of the Boone-Bent Families," Westport Histoical Quarterly 8, no. 4 (1973): 102-103. [BACK]

37. Ralph K. Andrist, The Long Death (New York: McMillan Company, 1965), 88-91. [BACK]

38. Hoig, Sand Creek Massacre, 143; Hyde, Life of George Bent, 149. [BACK]

39. Hoig, Sand Creek Massacre, 147. [BACK]

40. Hyde, Life of George Bent, 148-168. [BACK]

41. Hoig, Sand Creek Massacre, 145-191. [BACK]

42. Hyde, Life of George Bent, 155. [BACK]

43. Hoig, Sand Creek Massacre, 156. [BACK]

44. Hyde, Life of George Bent, 156. [BACK]

45. Ibid., 158. [BACK]

46. Hoig, Sand Creek Massacre, 168. [BACK]

47. Ibid., 172. [BACK]

48. Berthrong, Southern Cheyennes, 224. [BACK]

49. Hyde, Life of George Bent, 179. [BACK]

50. Berthrong, Southern Cheyennes, 228-229. [BACK]

51. Ibid., 328-329. [BACK]

52. David Lavender, Bent's Fort (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1954), 389. [BACK]

53. Mircea Eliade, The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion: The Significance of Religious Myth, Symbolism, and Ritual Within Life and Culture, trans. Willard R. Trask (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1957), 29. [BACK]