1. Sayyid Abu’l-A‘la Mawdudi, Musalman Awr Mawjudah Siyasi Kashmakash (1938–1940), vol. 1, 317–20, and 327–28. Also see idem,Mas’alah-i Qaumiyat, reprint (Lahore 1982), 52–59, 63–64, and 70–72. [BACK]

2. On elaboration of these charges and Mawdudi’s attacks on Nehru’s socialist inclinations, see Mawdudi, Musalman, vol. 1, 308–9, 457–58, and 464–68. Also see Abad Shahpuri, Tarikh-i Jama‘at-i Islami (Lahore, 1989), vol. 1, 293–307. [BACK]

3. Cited in ‘Abdu’l-Ghani Faruqi, “Hayat-i Javidan,” HRZ, 27. [BACK]

4. Mawdudi, Musalman, vol. 3, 162–63. [BACK]

5. Ibid., 127. [BACK]

6. Ishtiaq Husain Qureshi, Ulema in Politics: A Study Relating to the Political Activities of the Ulema in South Asian Subcontinent from 1566–1947 (Karachi, 1974), 352. [BACK]

7. Cited by Mian Muhammad Shafi‘ in Iqdam (June 9, 1963): 1. Shafi‘ had been Iqbal’s private secretary. [BACK]

8. Interview with ‘Abdu’l-Ghaffar Hasan. [BACK]

9. Zafar Ahmad Ansari, “Tahrik-i Pakistan Awr ‘Ulama,” Chiragh-i Rah 14, 12 (December 1960): 233. [BACK]

10. Interview with Malik Ghulam ‘Ali, a former Muslim League worker, in Awaz-i Jahan (November 1989): 20–21. [BACK]

11. Manzuru’l-Haq, “Mawlana Mawdudi, Hama Pahlu Shaksiyat,” in Jalil Ahmad Rana and Salim Mansur Khalid, ed., Tazkirah-i Sayyid Mawdudi (Lahore, 1986), 113. The author was himself a Muslim League worker in Amritsar at the time. [BACK]

12. Ansari, “Tahrik,” 232. [BACK]

13. See, for instance, the interview of Sayyid Sharifu’ddin Pirzadah, Jinnah’s secretary, in Jasarat (Mawdudi Number 1973), 2, where the interviewee asserts that Tarjumanu’l-Qur’an was critical in galvanizing support for the Muslim League in such places as Aligarh. [BACK]

14. Nawwab Sadiq ‘Ali, Bi Tiq Sipahi (Karachi, 1971), 28. The Nawwab had been the supreme commander (salar-i a‘la) of the Muslim League’s national guard and, later, the secretary to Liaqat ‘Ali Khan. [BACK]

15. Sayyid Abu’l-A‘la Mawdudi, Tahrik-i Pakistan Awr Jama‘at-i Islami (Multan, n.d.), 2. [BACK]

16. Interview with Malik Ghulam ‘Ali. [BACK]

17. See, for instance, Mawdudi’s interview with Radio Pakistan of April 8, 1975, printed in TQ (October 1980): 17. [BACK]

18. JIKUS, 27. [BACK]

19. TQ (October 1980): 18. [BACK]

20. Mawdudi, Musalman, vol. 3, 127. [BACK]

21. See interview with Sayyid Abu’l-Khayr Mawdudi in Nigar (September 1963): 63. Mawdudi was not alone in his opinion of Jinnah. The American envoy in Karachi writes of the reaction to naming Jinnah as the “Father of Pakistan” in the following terms: “Although the more ardent followers of the Muslim League rejoiced, there were numbers of others who were not so enthusiastic on the ground that Jinnah was not as orthodox a Muslim…and that he had been known to use alcoholic beverages”; U. S. Consulate, Karachi, disp. #41, 7/8/1947, 845F.00/8–1947, NA. [BACK]

22. In a letter to Dr. Zafaru’l-Hasan, dated 23 Rabi‘u’l-Thani 1356 (1938–1939), Mawdudi stated that Muslims were demanding an Islamic state and hence “cannot fully identify with the Muslim League”; the letter is reprinted in Al-Ma‘arif 18, 1–2 (April–May 1985): 249. [BACK]

23. Letter to Zafaru’l-Hasan in Al-Ma‘arif 18, 1–2 (April–May 1985): 249–50; the term “rear guard” in reference to the Jama‘at’s strategy was also cited in TQ (December 1937): 301. [BACK]

24. TQ (August 1948): 2–3. [BACK]

25. Interview with Malik Ghulam ‘Ali. [BACK]

26. Kawthar (October 28, 1945): 1. [BACK]

27. Sayyid Abu’l-A‘la Mawdudi, “Ham ne Tahrik-i Pakistan ke Sath Nehin Diya Tha,” Nawa’-i Waqt (August 15, 1975): 3. [BACK]

28. TQ (May 1939): 171. [BACK]

29. SAAM, vol. 1, 256. [BACK]

30. TQ (May 1939): 50–51. [BACK]

31. RJI, vol. 5, 93. [BACK]

32. Shahpuri, Tarikh, vol. 1, 474. [BACK]

33. CRTIN, 299, and JIKUS, 23. [BACK]

34. TQ (October–December 1938): 306. [BACK]

35. Ibid., 85–320. [BACK]

36. From Iqbal’s presidential address to the Muslim League on December 29, 1930; cited in Farzana Shaikh, Community and Consensus in Islam: Muslim Representation in Colonial India, 1860–1947 (Cambridge, 1989), 200. [BACK]

37. TQ (October–December 1938): 317. [BACK]

38. Ibid., 318–20. [BACK]

40. In fact, Mawdudi’s position in this period led to a series of serious criticisms against him in Al-Islah by Amin Ahsan Islahi, who took exception to his views and accused Mawdudi of “Muslim nationalism” and of stealthily supporting the Muslim League; cited in NGH, 58. [BACK]

41. Cited in SAAM, vol. 1, 138–39. [BACK]

42. Malik Ghulam ‘Ali, “Professor Mawdudi ke Sath Sath Islamiyah College Se Zaildar Park Tak,” HRZ, 119. [BACK]

43. Qaid-i A‘zam Papers Seal, Paper Number 952, Ministry of Culture, Pakistan. The book was sent to Jinnah in January 1940. [BACK]

44. Sarwat Saulat, Maulana Maududi (Karachi, 1979), 22–23. [BACK]

45. The council was headed by Mawlana Azad Subhani, and its findings were later published in Mawlana Muhammad Ishaq Sindihlawi, Islam ka Siyasi Nizam (A‘zamgarh, n.d.). [BACK]

46. The details of this meeting were narrated by Qamaru’ddin Khan in Thinker (December 27, 1963): 10–12. [BACK]

47. TQ (September–October 1945): 2–3. [BACK]

48. Kawthar (January 13, 1947, June 13, 1947, and June 17, 1947). [BACK]

49. RJI, vol. 5, 140–41. [BACK]

50. Opponents of the Jama‘at among Muslim League workers have often viewed the Jama‘at-i Islami and Jami‘at-i Ulama-i Hind as one and the same. [BACK]

51. RJI, vol. 5, 257. [BACK]

52. Ibid., vol. 5, 170–77, and 253–62. [BACK]

53. Nawa’-i Waqt (April 30, 1947): 1. [BACK]

54. Kawthar (June 21, 1947): 2 and (July 5, 1947): 1. However, Mawdudi qualified his decree by stipulating that a vote for Pakistan was not a vote of confidence in the Muslim League; MMKT, vol. 1, 285–88. [BACK]

55. Kawthar (July 5, 1947): 1. [BACK]