W
Walkowitz, Judith R, 50 , 292 n78
Warner, Dr. A. S., 19 , 266 n1
Washington, D.C.: Freedmen's Hospital,
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147 ;
General Hospital, 210 ;
Obstetrical and Gynecological Society, 80 ;
test cases in, 336 n70;
women's liberation groups in, 333 n35
Washington University Dispensary (St. Louis), 70
Wayman, John, 122
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services , 251 , 252
Weiss, Dr. E. A., 64 .
Welfare, 134 , 249 , 253 , 340 n13;
and access to abortion, 338 n111;
attacks on, 249 feminist influence on, 297 n3;
National Welfare Rights Organization, 228 ;
sterilization of recipients, 231
Wetherhill, Dr. H. G., 82
Wheeler, Shirley, 243
Whites: ethnic groups, 16 ;
legislators, 13 ;
racial fears of, it, 50 ;
reformers, 91 . See also Women, white
Wife beating, 41
Will, Dr. O. B., 120
Windmueller, Dr. Charles R. A., 108 , 295 n106
Winter, Margaret, 39
Womanhood: "bonds" of, 266 n6;
of midwives, 76
Woman's City Club (Chicago), 105
Women: admission to medical profession, 11 -12;
arrest of, for abortion, 243 ;
attitude toward abortion, 25 -26;
class divisions among, 94 ;
community obligation among, 31 , 270 n49;
demand for abortions, 1 , 147 , 159 , 249 , 254 , 290 n54;
and discourse on abortion, 8 , 21 , 23 -24, 44 , 109 , 220 ;
discrimination against, 228 ;
in history of crime, 5 , 261 n8;
influence on physicians, 6 ;
Jewish, 7 , 137 , 173 , 306 nn22, 23;
medical lectures for, 84 -85;
moral character of, 58 -59;
moral superiority of, 12 , 264 n39;
non-professional, 222 ;
perceptions of abortion, 23 -24;
property rights of, 261 n8;
Protestant, 10 , 23 , 50 , 137 , 306 n22;
reasons for abortion, 42 ;
silence of, 20 -21, 266 nn4, 5;
status in American society, 245 ;
subordination of, 20 , 21 , 217 ;
targeting in antiabortion campaigns, 81 , 85 -85;
before therapeutic abortion committees, 279 , 200 , 32 n79
in workforce, 163 , 194 , 324 n3;
in World War II, 162 -63;
writers, 141 , 309 n45. See also Abortion patients
Women, affluent: abortion practices of, 53 , 54 , 58 , 69 , 236 ;
childbearing of, 208 ;
choice of physicians, 137 ;
during Depression, 135 ;
investigation of, 119 ;
legalized abortion for, 251 ;
in physician-patient relationship, 67 ;
support of legal abortion, 342 n34
Women, African American, 2 ;
abortion records of, 300 n21;
in abortion rights movement, 232 , 253 ;
in black power movement, 334 n50;
childrearing by, 194 ;
in coroners' inquests, 119 -20;
education levels of, 306 n21;
effect of illegal abortion on, 193 ;
fatal abortions of, 211 -12, 222 , 232 ;
feminists among, 232 ;
at Gabler-Martin clinic, 263 ;
history of, 259 n35
illegitimate births by, 136 , 137 ;
in Kinsey abortion study, 305 n15;
married, 135 -36;
maternity homes for, 28 , 306 n21;
self-induced abortions of, 43 ;
therapeutic abortion for, 204 -5;
traditional roles of, 163 ;
use of abortionists, 326 n18;
use of black physicians, 286 n10;
use of midwives, 296 n117;
use of Planned Parenthood, 231 . See also African Americans
Women, married: abortion practices of, 11 , 20 , 23 , 58 , 152 -53,277 n42;
in abortion raid cases, 165 ;
African American, 135 -36;
childless, 152 ;
discrimination against in workforce, 133 , 162 -63, 194 , 250 ;
during Depression, 135 ;
and "race suicide," 92 , 102 , 104 ;
reasons for abortion, 38 -40, 104 ;
reproductive rights of, 102 , 104 ;
self-induced abortions of, 312 n89;
use of physicians, 73
Women, middle-class: abortion practices of, 11 ;
demand for abortion, 290 n54;
psychiatric symptoms of, 201 ;
reproductive rights of, 13 ;
therapeutic abortions for, 203 , 207 ;
use of contraceptives, 40 -41;
views on childbearing, 58 , 40
Women, poor: in abortion clinics, 306 n19;
abortion funding for, 251 ;
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abortion reform proposals for, 142 ;
activism of, 336 n72;
contraceptives for, 134 ;
during Depression, 134 -35, 241 ;
effect of illegal abortion on, 193 ;
fertility of, 231 ;
forced cesarean sections for, 250 ;
importance of abortion to, 37 , 40 ;
legalized abortion for, 256 , 246 ;
reproductive rights of, 248 ;
self-induced abortion by, 43 , 119 , 137 -48;
sterilization of, 231 ;
therapeutic abortion for, 144 , 205 ;
use of midwives, 76
Women, unmarried: abortion practices of, 23 , 31 -34, 58 , 60 , 69 , 136 , 202 , 268 n15, 327 n32;
in abortion raid cases, 165 ;
African American, 306 n21;
coroners' inquests on, 128 -30;
counseling for, 84 ;
dying declarations of, 126 ;
exposure of sexual activity, 28 , 200 , 269 n36;
independence of, 109 ;
legal abortion for, 221 ;
marriage following abortion, 303 n58;
postponement of marriage, 133 ;
prosecution of, 122 ;
reasons for abortion, 33 -34;
reproductive rights of, 108 ;
self-induced abortion by, 312 n89;
sexual danger for, 102 , 293 n84;
students among, 195 ;
suicide of, 185 ;
testimony in abortion trials, 184 ;
therapeutic abortion for, 202 ;
as victims, 23 , 32 -33, 59 , 92 , 102 , 249 . See also College women; Mothers, unmarried
Women, white: access to therapeutic abortion, 205 , 207 ;
college attendance, 194 ;
in coroners' inquests, 119 ;
fatal abortions of, 211 , 213 , fig. 6;
illegitimate births by, 136 -37;
pressure for marriage and motherhood directed at, 163 ;
as private-paying patients, 205 ;
and self-induced abortions, 137 ;
as ward patients, 207 ;
and welfare, 249
Women, working-class, 2 ;
abortion practices of, 20 , 23 , 27 , 31 , 141 , 152 , 153 -54;
abortions by physicians, 70 -71;
in coroners' inquests, 119 ;
during Depression, 135 ;
of England, 140 ;
family planning by, 230 ;
history of, 259 n3;
reasons for abortion, 33 , 40 ;
in Sanger clinics, 23 ;
sexual freedom for, 92 ;
use of midwives, 73 ;
views on abortion, 6 , 29 -30;
Women's Christian Temperance Union, 297 n3
Women's Ephemera Collection (North-western University), 256
Women's history, 2 , 3 , 259 n1;
poststructural analysis of, 262 n21
Women's liberation, 228 , 333 n35
Women's movements: and antiabortion campaigns, 14 ;
and legalization of abortion, 15 -16;
move from left, 142 , 309 n48;
nineteenth-century, H, 12 , 264 n39;
public-health work of, 96 , 291 n60. See also Feminists
Women's National Abortion Action Coalition (WONAAC), 232 , 257
Women's suffrage, 237
Woof, Dr. Joseph T., 19 -20
World War II: abortion during, 162 -63, 325 n8;
effect on gender identity, 141 , 163 , 309 n45
Wynn, Dr. Ralph M., 238