M
MacKenzie, Dr. Robert A., 178 -79
Maginnis, Patricia, 223 , 224 , 331 n18
Male-dominated spaces, 126 , 127 , 161 , 165 , 194 , 229
Mandy, Dr. Arthur J., 218
Mann, Sophie, 75
Marbury, William, 221
Margaret Hague Maternity Hospital (New Jersey), 179 , 180
Marquette University School of Medicine, 63
Marriage, 261 n8;
as alternative to abortion, 84 , 115 ,133 ;
in coroners' investigations, 128 ;
enforcement of, 297 n3;
interracial, 237 ;
power relations in, 37 -38, 59 ;
state intervention in, 115 , 129 -31
Martin, Ada, 149 , 151 , 311 n76;
arrest of, 160 ;
conviction of, 166 . See also Gabler-Martin abortion clinic; People v. Martin
Maryland, 331 n15;
Court of Appeals, 188
Massachusetts: Medical Society, 87 , 120 ;
midwives of, 281 n81
Maternal health, national policy on, 110 -11
Maternal mortality, 39 , 77 , 28 nn109, 110, 285 n116;
after legalized abortion, 246 -47;
blame of midwives for, 91 , 95 ;
decline in, 339 n5;
under legal abortion, 339 n4;
public opinion on, 190 -91;
race as factor in, 211 -12, 319 nn60, 61;
resulting from abortion, 43, 138 -39, 140 , 340 n7, fig. 7
Maternity homes, 28 -29, 107 195, 306 n21;
investigation of, 105 -6
May, Elaine Tyler, 163
McCarthyism, 163 , 172 -73, 192 , 315 n12;
anti-Semitism in, 320 n65;
effect on therapeutic abortion, 180 , 192
McGoorty, John P., 104
Medical practice: ambiguities in, 145 -46;
monitoring of, 219
Medical practice acts, of Illinois, 107 , 116
Medical profession, 1 ;
on abortion law reform, 143 , 234 ;
admission of women to, 11 -12;
antiabortion policies of, 4 , 48 , 55 -56, 82 ;
business aspects of, 48 -49, 84 -85;
in Chicago Times exposé, 50 ;
claims to moral superiority, 57 , 82 , 85 , 234 , 277 n39;
class identity of, 208 ;
competition in, 67 ;
conservatism of, 172 ;
control of reproductive rights, 3 , 208 , 214 ;
cooperation with
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Continued from previous page.
state, 3 , 81 , 88 -90, 115 -16 120 -25, 131 , 226 , 249 , 260 n5;
disagreement within, 4 ., 5 , 48 , 64 , 247 ;
discourse on abortion, 7 -8, 24 -25, 61 -63, 67 , 164 ;
eighteenth-century, 9 ;
elimination of abortionists from, 81 ;
exemption from abortion debate, 100 , 105 , 108 ;
and national health insurance, 172 , 295 n111;
power in, 324 n115;
rejection of male authority in, 226 ;
social authority of, 13 -14;
state control of, n, 116 ;
support of abortion reform, 216 , 234 , 244
Medical schools: in antiabortion campaigns, 87 , 90 ;
Catholic, 337 n80;
of Chicago, 57 ;
cooperation with state, 4 ;
women in, 4 .
Medical societies: African American, 234 ;
physician-abortionists in, 61 , 72 , 81See also American Medical Association; Chicago Medical Society; National Medical Association
Medical students: abortion training for, 252 ;
acceptance of abortion, 143 ;
in Chicago Times exposé, 55 -56;
obstetrical training of, 92 , 97 , 101 , 292 n70, 293 n81
Medico-Legal Society (Chicago), 55
Men: and alcohol abuse, 59 ;
control over women, 35 , 44 , 257 , 245 , 253 ;
as legislators, 13 ;
penalties for abortion, 115 ;
sexual domination of women, 12 . See also Gay men; Gender; Heterosexual relations; Husbands; Lovers, male; Male-dominated spaces
restoration of, 8 -9, 13 , 20 , 24 , 51 ;
government surveillance of, 126 , 127 , 128 , 250
Mental illness, therapeutic abortion for, 183 , 184 , 187 , 201 -3, 207 , 241 , 326 n26, 327 n36
Mercereau, Dr. C. W., 71
Mexicans: hostility toward, 11 ;
use of abortion, 136
Meyerowitz, Joanne, 32 , 270 n,41
Michael Reese Hospital (Chicago), 240
Michigan Boulevard Sanitarium (Chicago), 72
proposed, 107
Midwives: abortion charges against, 288 n42;
abortions provided by, 70 -71, 74 -75, 96 , 281 nn76, 81;
African American, 73 , 137 -48;
alliances with physicians, 96 , 290 n53;
arrangement of adoption, 52 -53;
blackmailing of, 98 ;
boarding of abortion patients, 74 -75;
clientele of, 76 ;
convictions of, 291 n62;
disappearance of, 111 , 147 , 281 n80, 296 n117;
of early nineteenth century, 10 ;
fees of, 74 , 96 , 283 n985 feminist historians of, 91 ;
frequency of abortions by, 71 ;
identification with patients, 73 -74, 76 ;
immigrant, 75 , 81 , 91 -92, 147 ;
licensing of, 93 ;
location of practice, 48 ;
mistreatment by officials, 98 -99;
national distribution of, 283 n105;
of New York, 90 , 96 , 281 n81, 291 n62;
obstetric practices of, 95 ;
organizations of, 98 , 292 n76;
physicians' defense of, 96 , 290 n53;
prosecution of, 88 ;
public debate on, 104 -5;
refusal of abortion, 52 -53, 276 n21;
regulation of, 94 -95, 97 , 107 , 109 , 290 n56, 292 n79;
safety records of, 77 -79, 91 , 95 -96, 100 , 284 n111;
surveillance of, 98 -100;
techniques of, 75 -76;
training of, 57 , 100 -101, 107 . See also Antimidwife antiabortion campaign
Midwives, of Chicago, 47 , 281 nn76, 81;
Anti-Graft Association, 98 ;
campaign against, 92 -101;
clients of, 73 ;
regulation of, 97 -98;
self-defense of, 98 -99;
in Times exposé, 52 -53;
in vice investigation, 99
Miller, Dr. G.-P., 122 -23
Miller, Dr. Truman W., 25
Miller, Patricia, 326 n18
Millstone, Dr. Henry James, 149 , 311 n76
Milwaukee, 78
Miscarriage: abortion disguised as, 72 ;
coroners' investigation of, 270 n61, 273 n85;
mortality in, 77 , 102 , 117 ;
surveillance of, 250 ;
suspicion of, 123
Mississippi, 241
Missouri, 336 n70
Mitchell, Dr. Justin L., 29 , 72 , 313 n113
Mohr, James C., 10 , 268 n15, 286 n8
Monmouth Memorial Hospital (New Jersey), 178 , 320 n76
Montana, 253
Morality: gender differences in, 12 , 58 -59;
physicians' superiority in, 57 , 82 , 234 , 277 n39;
women's superiority in, 12 , 264 n39
Morality, popular: acceptance of abortion, 6 -7, 21 -22, 44 -45, 81 , 112 , 116 , 244 .
Moriarity, Daniel, 155 , 313 n111
Mortality. See Infant morality; Maternal mortality
Motherhood: as expectation, 163 , 195 ;
immigrant, 91 ;
and pregnancy, 273 n86;
"voluntary," 12 , 229 , 264 n39
Mothers: and children, 39 -40;
and housework, 40 ;
support for unmarried daughters, 27 -28;
threats to life of, 251 , 341 n21;
Mothers, unmarried: charities for, 28 -29;
child rearing by, 29 ;
male responsibility for, 297 n3;
mothers' support for daughters, 27 -28;
New Right on, 196 ;
psychiatrists' views on, 331 n20;
sterilization of, 207 . See also Women, unmarried