1. Maurice Halbwachs, Les Cadres sociaux de la me´moire (Paris: Mouton, 1976). [BACK]

2. John Gillis, ed., Commemorations: The Politics of National Identity (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton, University Press, 1994). [BACK]

3. Milan Kundera, The Book of Laughter and Forgetting (New York: Knopf, 1981), 24 [BACK]

4. I am grateful to Jeffrey Wasserstrom for reminding me of this parallel with the Vietnamese situation. [BACK]

5. Kundera, The Book of Laughter and Forgetting, 23 [BACK]

6. Du Tu Le, “The Dawn of a New Humankind,” in An Anthology of Vietnamese Poems from the Eleventh through the Twentieth Centuries, ed. and trans. Huynh Sanh Thong (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1996). [BACK]

7. L. P. Hartley, The Go-Between (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1978), 9. [BACK]