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Secondary English Sources

Abbott, Freeland. Islam and Pakistan. Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press, 1968. UC-eLinks

——————. “The Jama‘at-i-Islami of Pakistan.” Middle East Journal 11, 1 (Winter 1957): 37–51. UC-eLinks

——————. “Pakistan and the Secular State,” in Donald E. Smith, ed., South Asian Religion and Politics, 352–70. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1966. UC-eLinks

——————. “Pakistan’s New Marriage Law: A Reflection of Qur’anic Interpretation.” Asian Survey 3 (January 1962): 26–32. UC-eLinks

Abd, Abdur Rahman. Sayyed Maududi Faces the Death Sentence. Reprint. Lahore: Islamic Publications, 1978. UC-eLinks

Adams, Charles J. “The Ideology of Mawlana Mawdudi,” in Donald E. Smith, ed., South Asian Politics and Religion, 371–97. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1966. UC-eLinks

——————. “Mawdudi and the Islamic State,” in John L. Esposito, ed., Voices of Resurgent Islam, 99–133. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983. UC-eLinks

Ahmad, Aziz. Islamic Modernism in India and Pakistan, 1857–1964. London: Oxford University Press, 1967. UC-eLinks

——————. “Mawdudi and Orthodox Fundamentalism of Pakistan.” Middle East Journal 21, 3 (Summer 1967): 369–80. UC-eLinks

Ahmad, Eqbal. “Islam and Politics,” in Yvonne Y. Haddad et al., eds., The Islamic Impact, 7–26. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1984. UC-eLinks

Ahmad, Khurshid. “The Nature of Islamic Resurgence,” in John L. Esposito, ed., Voices of Resurgent Islam, 218–229. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983. UC-eLinks

Ahmad, Khurshid, and Zafar IshaqAnsari. “Mawlana Sayyid Abul A‘la Mawdudi: An Introduction to His Vision of Islam and Islamic Revival,” in Khurshid Ahmad and Zafar Ishaq Ansari, eds., Islamic Perspectives: Studies In Honour of Mawlana Sayyid Abul A‘la Mawdudi, 359–84. Leicester: Islamic Foundation, 1979. UC-eLinks

Ahmad, Mumtaz. “Islam and the State: The Case of Pakistan,” in Mathew Moen and Lowell Gustafson, eds., The Religious Challenge to the State, 239–67. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992. UC-eLinks

——————. “Islamic Fundamentalism in South Asia: The Jamaat-i-Islami and the Tablighi Jamaat,” in Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appleby, eds., Fundamentalisms Observed, 457–530. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991. UC-eLinks

——————. “The Politics of War: Islamic Fundamentalisms in Pakistan,” in James Piscatori, ed., Islamic Fundamentalisms and the Gulf Crisis, 155–87. Chicago: American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1991. UC-eLinks

Ahmad, Syed Riaz. Maulana Maududi and the Islamic State. Lahore: People’s Publishing House, 1976. UC-eLinks

Ahmad Khan, ‘Ali. The Jama‘at-e-Islami of Pakistan. Introduction Series, no. 2. Lahore, 1954. UC-eLinks

Ahmed, Akbar S. Discovering Islam: Making Sense of Muslim History and Society. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1988. UC-eLinks

Ahmed, Ishtiaq. The Concept of an Islamic State: An Analysis of the Ideological Controversy in Pakistan. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1987. UC-eLinks

Ahmed, Zafaryab. “Maudoodi’s Islamic State,” in Asghar Khan, ed., Islam, Politics and the State: The Pakistan Experience, 95–113. London: Zed Press, 1985. UC-eLinks

Ajmal Khan, Mohammad. “A Note on Adab in the Murshid-Murid Relationship” , in Barbara D. Metcalf, ed., Moral Conduct and Authority: The Place of Adab in South Asian Islam, 241–51. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1984. UC-eLinks

Akhavi, Shahrough. “Shi‘ism, Corporatism, and Rentierism in the Iranian Revolution” , in Juan R. I. Cole, ed., Comparing Muslim Societies: Knowledge and the State in a World Civilization, 261–93. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1992. UC-eLinks

Alavi, Hamza. “The State in Postcolonial Societies: Pakistan and Bangladesh” , in Kathleen Gough and Hari P. Sharma, eds., Imperialism and Revolution in South Asia, 145–73. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1973. UC-eLinks

Amin, Tahir. Ethno-National Movements of Pakistan. Islamabad: Institute of Policy Studies, 1988. UC-eLinks

Amjad, Rashid. Pakistan’s Growth Experience: Objectives, Achievement, and Impact on Poverty, 1947–1977. Lahore: Progressive Publishers, 1978. UC-eLinks

Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. 2d ed. New York: Verso, 1991. UC-eLinks

Ansari, Sarah F. D.Sufi Saints and State Power: The Pirs of Sind, 1843–1947. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. UC-eLinks

Anwar, Zainah. Islamic Fundamentalism in Malaysia. 2d ed. Kualalampur: Pelanduk Publications, 1989. UC-eLinks

Arjomand, Said Amir. The Turban for the Crown: The Islamic Revolution in Iran. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. UC-eLinks

——————. “Social Change and Movements of Revitalization in Contemporary Islam,” in James B. Beckford, ed., New Religious Movements and Rapid Social Change, 87–112. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1986. UC-eLinks

Ayub Khan, General Mohammad. Friends, Not Masters: A Political Autobiography. London: Oxford University Press, 1967. UC-eLinks

Ayubi, Nazih. Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Arab World. New York: Routledge, Chapman and Hall, 1991. UC-eLinks

Bahadur, Kalim. The Jama‘at-i Islami of Pakistan. New Delhi: Chetana Publications, 1977. UC-eLinks

Binder, Leonard. Islamic Liberalism: A Critique of Development Ideologies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988. UC-eLinks

——————. Religion and Politics in Pakistan. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1961. UC-eLinks

Brohi, Allahbukhsh K. “Mawlana Abul A‘la Mawdudi: The Man, the Scholar, the Reformer,” in Khurshid Ahmad and Zafar Ishaq Ansari, eds., Islamic Perspectives: Studies in Honour of Sayyid Abul A‘la Mawdudi, 289–312. Leicester: Islamic Foundation, 1979. UC-eLinks

Burki, Shahid Javed. Pakistan: A Nation in the Making. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1986. UC-eLinks

——————. Pakistan under Bhutto, 1971–1977. London: Macmillan, 1980. UC-eLinks

——————. “Pakistan under Zia, 1977–1988.” Asian Survey 28, 10 (October 1988): 1082–1100. UC-eLinks

Callard, Keith B. Political Forces in Pakistan, 1947–1959. New York: Institute of Pacific Affairs, 1959. UC-eLinks

Chishti, Lt. General Faiz Ali. Betrayals of Another Kind: Islam, Democracy, and the Army in Pakistan. Cincinnati, Ohio: Asia Publishing House, 1990. UC-eLinks

Chaudhry, Kiren Aziz, and PeterMcDonough. “State, Society, and Sin: The Political Beliefs of University Students in Pakistan.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 32, 1 (October 1983): 11–44. UC-eLinks

Choudhury, G. W. Constitutional Development in Pakistan. Lahore: Longmans, Green, 1959. UC-eLinks

Cohen, Stephen P. The Pakistan Army. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1984. UC-eLinks

Dabashi, Hamid. “Symbiosis of Religious and Political Authorities in Islam,” in Thomas Robbins and Ronald Robertson, eds., Church-State Relations: Tensions and Transitions, 183–203. New Brunswick, N. J.: Transaction Books, 1987. UC-eLinks

Denny, Fredrick M. “Fazlur Rahman: Muslim Intellectual.” Muslim World 79, 2 (April 1989): 91–101. UC-eLinks

El-Affendi, Abdelwahab. “The Long March from Lahore to Khartoum: Beyond the "Muslim Reformation.’” . British Society for Middle Eastern Studies Bulletin 17, 2 (1990): 137–51. UC-eLinks

Enayat, Hamid. Modern Islamic Political Thought. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1982. UC-eLinks

Esposito, John L. Islam and Politics. 3rd ed. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1991. UC-eLinks

——————. The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality? New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. UC-eLinks

——————. “Islam: Ideology and Politics in Pakistan,” in Ali Banuazizi and Myron Weiner, eds., The State, Religion, and Ethnic Politics: Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan, 333–70. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1986. UC-eLinks

Esposito, John L., and James P. Piscatori. “Democratization and Islam.” Middle East Journal 45, 3 (Summer 1991): 427–40. UC-eLinks

Esposito, John L., and John O. Voll. “Khurshid Ahmad: Muslim Activist-Economist.” Muslim World 80, 1 (January 1990): 24–36. UC-eLinks

Ewing, Katherine. “The Politics of Sufism: Redefining the Saints of Pakistan.” Journal of Asian Studies 42, 2 (February 1983): 251–68. UC-eLinks

Faruqi, Misbahul Islam. Introducing Maudoodi. Karachi, 1968. UC-eLinks

Friedmann, Yohanan. Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1989. UC-eLinks

——————. “The Attitude of the Jamiyyat-i ‘Ulama’-i Hind to the Indian National Movement and the Establishment of Pakistan,” in Gabriel Baer, ed., The ‘Ulama’ in Modern History, 157–83. Jerusalem: African and Asian Studies, Israeli Oriental Society, VII, 1971. UC-eLinks

Geertz, Clifford. Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books, 1973. UC-eLinks

Gilani, Sayyid Asad. Maududi: Thought and Movement. Lahore: Islamic Publications, 1984. UC-eLinks

Gilmartin, David. Empire and Islam: Punjab and the Making of Pakistan. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1988. UC-eLinks

——————. “Pakistan, the Pastoral and Panjabiyat.” . Paper presented at the Association for Asian Studies, 1993. UC-eLinks

——————. “Religious Leadership and the Pakistan Movement in Punjab.” Modern Asian Studies 13, 3 (July 1979): 485–517. UC-eLinks

——————. “The Shahidganj Mosque Incident: A Prelude to Pakistan,” in Edmund Burke III and Ira M. Lapidus, eds., Islam, Politics, and Social Movements, 146–68. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California, 1988. UC-eLinks

Graff, Violette. “La Jamaat-i-Islami en Inde,” in Oliver Carré and Paul Dumont, eds., Radicalismes Islamiques, vol. 2, 59–72. Paris: L’Hartmann, 1986. UC-eLinks

Haeri, Shahla. “Obedience versus Autonomy: Women and Fundamentalism in Iran and Pakistan,” in Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appleby, eds., Fundamentalisms and Society: Reclaiming the Sciences, the Family, and Education, 181–213. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1993. UC-eLinks

ul-Haq, Mahbub. The Poverty Curtain: Choices for the Third World. New York: Columbia University Press, 1976. UC-eLinks

Hardy, Peter. The Muslims of British India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972. UC-eLinks

Hasan, Masudul. Sayyid Abul A‘ala Maududi and His Thought. 2 vols. Lahore: Islamic Publications, 1984. UC-eLinks

Hasan, Mushirul. “The Muslim Mass Contact Campaign: An Attempt at Political Mobilization.” Economic and Political Weekly 21, 52 (December 27, 1986): 273–82. UC-eLinks

Herring, Ronald J. “Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and the "Eradication of Feudalism’ in Pakistan.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 21 (1979): 519–57. UC-eLinks

Huntington, Samuel P. The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991. UC-eLinks

Hussain, Akmal. “The Karachi Riots of 1986: Crisis of State and Civil Society,” in Veena Das, ed., Mirrors of Violence: Communities, Riots, and Survivors in South Asia, 185–93. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1990. UC-eLinks

Hussain, Syed Shabbir. “Inayat Ullah Khan El-Mashriqi,” in The Muslim Luminaries: Leaders of Religious, Intellectual, and Political Revival in South Asia, 246–75. Islamabad: National Hijrah Council, 1988. UC-eLinks

Hussain, Zahid. “The Campus Mafias.” Herald (October 1988): 51–65. UC-eLinks

Ibrahim, Saad Eddin. “Anatomy of Egypt’s Militant Islamic Groups: Methodological Note and Preliminary Findings.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 12, 4 (December 1980): 423–53. UC-eLinks

Ikram, S. M. Modern Muslim India and the Birth of Pakistan. 2d ed.. Lahore: Institute of Islamic Culture, 1965. UC-eLinks

Iqbal, Afzal. Islamization of Pakistan. Lahore: Vanguard Books, 1986. UC-eLinks

Jahan, Rounaq. Pakistan: Failure in National Integration. New York: Columbia University Press, 1972. UC-eLinks

Jalal, Ayesha. The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League, and the Demand for Pakistan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. UC-eLinks

——————. The State of Martial Rule: The Origins of Pakistan’s Political Economy of Defence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. UC-eLinks

Jameelah, Maryam. Who Is Maudoodi?Lahore: Mohammad Yusuf Khan, 1973. UC-eLinks

——————. “An Appraisal of Some Aspects of Maulana Sayyid Ala Maudoodi’s Life and Thought.” Islamic Quarterly 31, 2 (Second Quarter 1987): 116–30. UC-eLinks

Kennedy, Charles H. “Islamization and Legal Reform in Pakistan, 1979–89.” Pacific Affairs 63, 1 (Spring 1990): 62–77. UC-eLinks

——————. “Islamization in Pakistan: Implementation of the Hudood Ordinances.” Asian Survey 28, 3 (March 1988): 307–16. UC-eLinks

——————. “Judicial Activism and Islamization after Zia: Toward the Prohibition of Riba” . in Charles H. Kennedy, ed., Pakistan 1992, 57–73. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1993. UC-eLinks

——————. “The Politics of Ethnicity in Sind.” Asian Survey 31, 10 (October 1991): 938–55. UC-eLinks

Lapidus, Ira M. “Islamic Political Movements: Patterns of Historical Change,” in Edmund Burke III and Ira M. Lapidus, eds., Islam, Politics, and Social Movements, 3–16. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1988. UC-eLinks

Laroui, Abdallah. L’ideologie arabe contemporaine. Paris: Françoise Maspero, 1967. UC-eLinks

Lerman, Eran. “Mawdudi’s Concept of Islam.” Middle Eastern Studies 17, 4 (October 1981): 492–509. UC-eLinks

Lewis, Stephen R. Economic Policy and Industrial Growth in Pakistan. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1969. UC-eLinks

Malamud, Margaret. “The Development of Organized Sufism in Nishapur and Baghdad from the Eleventh to the Thirteenth Century.” . Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 1990. UC-eLinks

Malik, Hafeez. “Islamic Political Parties and Mass Mobilization.” Islam and the Modern Age 3, 2 (May 1972): 26–60. UC-eLinks

Mayer, Ann Elizabeth. “The Fundamentalist Impact on Law, Politics, and Constitutions in Iran, Pakistan, and the Sudan,” in Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appleby, eds., Fundamentalisms and the State: Remaking Polities, Economies, and Militance, 110–51. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993. UC-eLinks

Mehdi, Safdar. Politics without Parties: A Report on the 1985 Partyless Elections in Pakistan. Lahore: SAHE, 1988. UC-eLinks

Metcalf, Barbara D. Islamic Revival in British India: Deoband, 1860–1900. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982. UC-eLinks

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Minault, Gail. The Khilafat Movement: Religious Symbolisms and Political Mobilization in India. New York: Columbia University Press, 1982. UC-eLinks

Mottahedeh, Roy. Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1985. UC-eLinks

Mujahid, Sharif al-. “The 1977 Pakistani Elections: An Analysis,” in Manzooruddin Ahmad, ed., Contemporary Pakistan: Politics, Economy, and Society, 63–91. Karachi: Royal Books Company, 1980. UC-eLinks

——————. “Pakistan’s First General Elections.” Asian Survey 11, 2 (February 1971): 159–71. UC-eLinks

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——————. Ulema in Politics: A Study Relating to the Political Activities of the Ulema in South Asian Subcontinent from 1566–1947. Karachi: Ma‘aref, 1972. UC-eLinks

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