Index
A
Abdülaziz, 34
modernization favored by, 6 , 35 , 36 , 44 , 96 , 139
Paris exposition visited by, 6 , 7 , 32 -34, 35 , 36 , 39 , 60 , 139
Abu-Lughod, Janet, 54 , 224 n17
Accuracy, representational, 56 , 70 , 72 , 78
Agricultural displays: at General Ottoman Exposition of 1863, 141
and plans for Istanbul Agricultural and Industrial Exposition, 142 -43
at Universal Exposition of 1889 (Paris), 131
Ahmad Bey, 8
Ahmed Mithat Efendi, 48
Al-Bakri, Muhammad Tawfiq, 47
Alexandria, 135
Algeria French colonial rule of, 7 -8, 69 , 75 , 125 , 130 , 133 , 163 -64, 215 n80, 220 n14
indigenous architecture in, 163 , 220 n14
resistance movements in, 7
Algeria, expositional displays of: and colonialism, 69 , 90 , 93 , 125 , 127 , 130 , 133
and craft displays, 21
modest scale of, 125
and traditionalism, 8
at Universal Exposition of 1867 (Paris), 125 , 126
at Universal Exposition of 1878 (Paris), 21 , 69 , 125 , 126-27,127 , 170
at Universal Exposition of 1889 (Paris), 30 , 78 , 128 -29, 129
at Universal Exposition of 1900 (Paris), 30 , 90 , 90-91, 92 , 93 , 129 -30, 130
at World's Columbian Exposition (Chicago), 85.
See also Architectural displays
Algiers, 127 , 130 , 163 , 163 , 220 n14
'Ali Mubarak Pasha, 162
'Ali Qapu Palace, 120
Al-Muwaylihi, Muhammad, 46 , 47 , 49
Al-Sadiq, Muhammad, 8
Al-Tahtawi, Rifa'a, 11 , 12 -14, 45
Ammann, A., 72
Amusement parks, 56
and displays of indigenous peoples, 17 -18, 19 -20, 72
and Egyptian museum, 115
and hierarchy of racial types, 19 -20, 32
and History of Habitation exhibit, 72
and Musée de l'Homme, 187 -89
Arabisance, 164
Arabesque, 56 , 63 , 72 , 109 , 111 , 163
Arabs: conquest of Egypt by, 13 -14
Archaeology, 39 , 70 , 75 , 115 , 116 , 131 , 134 , 135
Architectural displays, Algerian: designed by Western architects, 128 -29, 134
and didacticism, 130
and eclecticism, 95
at Universal Exposition of 1878 (Paris), 125 , 126 -27, 127
at Universal Exposition of 1889 (Paris), 128 -29, 129 , 134
at Universal Exposition of 1900 (Paris), 90 , 92 , 129 -30, 130 ,134
Architectural displays, Egyptian: ancient kingdoms represented in, 37 , 38 , 39 , 95 , 115 -16
Baudot's review of, 98
and decorative arts, 111 -12
designed by Western architects, 7 , 69 , 75 -76, 111 -12, 114 , 116 , 118 , 134 -35, 137
eclecticism in, 63
historical scheme of, 14 , 38 , 60
at Ismailiyya ceremony for Suez Canal opening, 139 , 145 -49, 151
national
Architectural displays,
Egyptian (continued)
identity reflected in, 119 , 178 -79
okels in, 57 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 118 -19
publications based on, 37 -38, 111
and residential architecture, 95 , 111 -12
and Rue du Caire exhibit, 70 , 75 -78, 76 -77
and Suez pavilion, 57 -58, 58-59
and temples, 39 , 57 , 95 , 114-15,115 -16, 117 , 118 , 206 n75
at Universal Exposition of 1867 (Paris), 13 , 14 , 39 , 57 , 111 -12, 112-15,114 -16, 134 , 135 , 137
at Universal Exposition of 1878 (Paris), 13 , 116 -17, 117,134
at Universal Exposition of 1889 (Paris), 70 , 75 -79, 76-77
at Universal Exposition of 1900 (Paris), 90 , 118 -19, 134 , 135
at Weltausstellung (Vienna), 63 , 64 -67,118
at World's Columbian Exposition (Chicago), 83 , 117 -18
Architectural displays, Iranian: decorative arts in, 120 , 122
designed by Western architects, 120 , 134 , 135
national identity reflected in, 122
and residential architecture, 119
Safavid dynasty reflected in, 9 , 119
at Universal Exposition of 1867 (Paris), 119
at Universal Exposition of 1878 (Paris), 68 , 119 -20, 121,135
at Universal Exposition of 1900 (Paris), 120 , 121,122 , 134
at Weltausstellung (Vienna), 119 , 120
Architectural displays, Moroccan: designed by Western architects, 135
modest scale of, 9
at Universal Exposition of 1867 (Paris), 61 , 62 , 122 , 124
at Universal Exposition of 1878 (Paris), 68 , 69 , 124 , 135
at Universal Exposition of 1889 (Paris), 124
at Universal Exposition of 1900 (Paris), 124
at World Exhibition of 1967 (Montreal), 185 , 188
Architectural displays, Ottoman: and baths, 60 , 63 , 95 , 96 , 104 , 104-5
Baudot's review of, 98 -100, 103 -4, 156
correction of European paradigms in, 11 , 55
and decorative arts, 11 , 63 , 96 , 97 , 100 , 103
designed by Western architects, 60 , 96 , 98 -100, 104 , 109 -10, 134 , 140 , 143 -44
Dubuisson's design of, 109
and fountains, 60 , 63 , 96 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109
at General Ottoman Exposition of 1863, 140 -42
and interaction with Western architecture, 96 , 99 , 100 , 155 -56, 178 -79
and mosques, 40 , 60 , 95 , 96 , 99 -100, 99-101
Parvillée's design of, 96 -100, 97-99, 101 -3,104 , 105
and Pavilion of Turkish Tobacco, 48 , 107 -8, 107
and Pavillon du Bosphore, 60 , 63 , 103-4,103 , 123
and plans for Istanbul Agricultural and Industrial Exposition, 143 -44, 144-45
and residential architecture, 60 , 63 , 95 , 96 , 103 , 212 n1
science coexistent with fantasy in, 2
site plans of, 57 , 60 -61, 63
and Sultan's Treasury pavilion, 63 , 66 ,107
Thain's design of, 109
at Universal Exposition of 1867 (Paris), 2 , 11 , 39 -40, 57 , 60 -62, 96 , 98-105,98 -100, 103 -4, 134
at Universal Exposition of 1900 (Paris), 109 -10, 109,134 , 136 , 158
and universalism, 12
at Weltausstellung (Vienna), 63 , 64 -66,106 -7, 106,1 55
at World's Columbian Exposition (Chicago), 85 , 87 , 108 -9, 108
Architectural displays, Tunisian: decorative arts in, 123 , 124 , 131
designed by Western architects, 8 , 131 , 134 , 135
at International Colonial Exposition of 1931 (Paris), 181 -83, 182-83
and Palace of the Bey, 61 -62, 123 , 124-25
and residential architecture, 61 , 95 , 123
and traditionalism, 8
at Universal Exposition of 1867 (Paris), 61 -62, 122 -23, 124-25,134
at Universal Exposition of 1878 (Paris), 68 , 135
at Universal Exposition of 1889 (Paris), 131 , 134
at Universal Exposition of 1900 (Paris), 92 , 131 , 132-33,133 , 134
at World Exhibition of 1967 (Montreal), 187
Architecture, Islamic: and arabesque, 56 , 63 , 72 , 109 , 111
and architectural drawings, 154 -56
and architectural theory, 154 -56, 219 n4
chance as compositional factor in, 38 , 111
decorative arts in, 11 , 56 , 63 , 72 , 75 , 96 , 97 , 100 , 112 , 131 , 155 , 219 n3
Drévet's view of, 137
Edmond's view of, 38 ,
geometric principles of, 96 -98, 100 , 128 -29, 133 , 155 , 219 n3
and intuitionism, 137
and modernization, 2 -3, 35 , 44 , 96 , 122 , 136
mosques in, 10 , 38 , 69 , 95 , 110 , 127 , 168 , 175
and music, 156
and neo-Arabic style, 129 , 159 -63
and neo-Islamic style, 144 , 157 , 167 , 179 , 190
Parvillée's view of, 96 -98, 100 , 111 , 137 , 155 -56
and rationalism, 11 , 39 , 96 , 115 , 129 , 137
rules of, 42 , 44 , 96 -98, 100 , 111 , 137 , 155 -56
and search for cultural identity, 2 , 3 , 10 -11, 56 , 57 , 122 , 136 , 153 , 162 , 178 -79, 190
timelessness of, 56
Western architecture influenced by, 4 , 96 , 165 -79, 213 n21, 219 n2
Western influence on, 2 -3, 44 , 96 , 99 , 122 , 153 , 157 -64, 178 -79.
See also Expositional displays; Monumental architecture; Residential architecture
Architecture, Western: and academic style, 61 , 96 , 99 , 137
and Beaux-Arts style, 81 , 100 , 134 , 137 , 157 , 172
Greek, 111
and historical research, 5
and interior decoration, 103 , 104
Islamic accounts of, 46 -49, 208 n110
Islamic architecture influenced by, 2 -3, 44 , 96 , 122 , 153 , 157 -64, 178 -79
Islamic influence on, 4 , 96 , 165 -79, 213 n21, 219 n2
neoclassical, 5 , 52 , 93 , 153
and rationalism, 39 , 96 , 115
Renaissance, 73 , 170 , 219 n4
rococo, 5
and Saint-Simonianism, 4 , 52 , 145
scientific principles of, 2 , 39 , 98
and stile floreale,143 -44
and technological development, 4
and Vitruvian classification, 44
Arendt, Hannah, 203 n10
See also Decorative arts
Art history, 5
Art nouveau, 143
Arundale, F. V. J., 219 n2
Asad, Talal, 201 n21
Authenticity, representational, 18 , 28 , 30 , 41 , 56 , 75 , 76 , 85 , 93 , 107 , 133
B
Baklanov, N. B., 219 n4
Ballu, Albert, 128 , 129 , 134 , 135 , 216 n96
Ballu, Théodore, 134
Bartholdi, Frédéric-Auguste, 57
Baths, 60 , 63 , 95 , 96 , 104 , 104-5,213 n16
Baudot, Anatole de, 98 -100, 103 -4, 212 n7
Baudry, Paul-Jacques Aimé, 134
Bazaars, 21 -22, 90 , 109 , 122
Beaux-Arts style, 81 , 100 , 134 , 137 , 157 , 158 , 164 , 172
Bedouins, 18 , 61 , 79 , 124 , 147
Béguin, François, 164
Belgium, 68
Belly dance, 24 -30, 25-29,48 -49, 83 , 183 , 197
Benedict, Burton, 19 -20
Berger, John, 10
Berlin, 196
Bernard, Augustin, 190
Binet, René, 222 n51
Boghos Effendi Chachian, 42 , 155
Boileau, Louis-Hippolyte, 221 n29
Bois de Vincennes, 135 , 181 , 223 n3
Boulanger, Gustave, 40
Bourdais, J. D., 170
Bourgeois, Marie-Augustin-Antoine, 140 , 157
Bourgoin, Jules, 219 n3
Brazilian expositional display, 166, 167 , 168
Brion, Edmond, 191
Brown, Carl, 14
Bulatov, M. S., 219 n4
Bulgaria, 6
Burnham, Daniel, 80
Bursa, 96 , 100 , 134 , 137 , 140 , 155 , 207 n82
Byzantine architecture, 44 , 85 , 170 , 175
C
Cabarets, 27
Cadet, Albert, 191
Cafer Efendi, 156
Cairo: architectural modernization of, 3 , 35 , 57 , 76 , 151 , 162 , 205 n60
cotton market in, 119
Dourgnon's building designs in, 135
Gamaliyya Palace in, 112 , 114 , 119
neo-Arabic architecture in, 159 -63
residential architecture in, 75 , 114 , 160 , 161
Sultan Qaytbay complex in, 63 , 75 , 110
Calligraphy, 56
Carlu, Jacques, 221 n29
Carthage, 123
Catholicism, 148
Celal Esad, 212 n9
Centennial Exposition of 1876 (Philadelphia), 4 , 166, 167
Champ de Mars, 40 , 51 , 76 , 88 , 90 , 123
Champollion, Jean-François, 13 , 57
City Beautiful movement, 4 , 80 , 153 , 174
Cleveland, Grover, 118
Clifford, James, 9 -10, 189 , 210 n44
Colonialism: and Algerian expositional displays, 69 , 90 , 93 , 125 , 127 , 130 , 133
and Algerian indigenous architecture, 163
British, 6 , 7 , 89 , 119 , 145
and displays of indigenous peoples, 18 -19, 30
and economic development, 1
and Egyptian expositional displays, 69 , 89
and ethnographic museums, 189
French, 7 , 8 , 69 , 75 , 78 , 90 , 93 , 125 , 127 , 130 , 131 , 133 , 163 -64, 185 , 189
and Islamic culture, 2 , 3 , 8 , 11 , 75 , 129 , 133 , 190
and Moroccan expositional displays, 69
Portuguese, 168
reflected in site plans, 2 , 5 , 51 , 52 , 69 , 89 , 90 , 93 , 211 n66
and Tunisian expositional displays, 69 , 90 , 93 , 125 , 133
Comédie Française, 46
Commercial architecture, 57 , 63 , 70 , 87 , 95.
See also Okels
Consumerism, 5
Cordoba, Great Mosque of, 69 , 175 , 176
Coste, Pascal Xavier, 219 n2
Costumes, 30 , 42 , 43,52 , 54 , 72 , 196 -97, 224 n30
Courthion, Pierre, 135
Craft displays: Algerian, 21
at General Ottoman Exposition of 1863, 141
at International Colonial Exposition of 1931 (Paris), 182 -83
Ottoman-Turkish, 22 , 109 , 141
at Rue de Djenne exhibit, 223 n3
Tunisian, 21 , 22 , 182 -83, 187
at Universal Exposition of 1867 (Paris), 20,112 , 114
at Universal Exposition of 1889 (Paris), 21
at Universal Exposition of 1900 (Paris), 22 , 109
at World Exhibition of 1967 (Montreal), 187
Crimean War, 6
Cross-cultural exchange, 3 , 4 , 27 , 29 , 51 , 137 , 153 , 178
Crystal Palace, 2 , 51 , 153 , 165 -67
Culture, definition of, 9 -10, 217 n104.
See also Identity, cultural; Islamic culture
D
Daly, César, 98 , 136 , 221 n23
Damascus, 87
Dance, 22 , 23, 24 , 31,77 , 78 , 118 .
See also Belly dance
D'Aronco, Raimondo, 143 -44
Darwinism, 20
Davioud, Gabriel, 170
Debt, economic, 6 , 7 , 36 , 69
Decorative arts, 56 , 72 , 75 , 112 , 155 , 214 n32, 219 n3
Ottoman, 11 , 63 , 96 , 97 , 100 , 103
See also Arabesque
Desprez, Adrien, 68
Dethier, P. A., 44
Dourgnon, Marcel-Lazare, 118 , 134 , 135
Drévet, Jacques, 68, 111 , 112 , 113,114 , 116 , 134 -35, 137
Dubuisson, Adrien-René, 109 , 110 , 134
E
Eclecticism, 56 , 63 , 95 , 110 , 137
Economic development, 1 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 140
Edhem Hamdi Pasa, 42
Edmond, Charles, 37 , 111 , 112 , 116
Egypt: ancient, 14 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 95 , 115 -16, 206 n75
Arab conquest of, 13 -14
British occupation of, 6 , 119 , 145
and economic debt to Europe, 6 , 7 , 36 , 69
indigenous architecture of, 3 , 35 , 38 , 57 , 63 , 110 , 112 , 114 , 193 -94
(See also Architectural displays)
Mamluk period in, 63 , 110 , 175
modernization in, 7 , 12 -14, 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 -39, 57
and Napoleon I, 13 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 45 , 219 n2
in Ottoman Empire, 6 , 7 , 8 , 13 , 38 , 119
and relations with Britain, 6 , 7 , 119 , 145
and relations with France, 7 , 45 , 69
status of women in, 46
Suez Canal in, 7 , 8 , 58 , 139 , 145 -49, 151
Western architects enlisted by, 161 -62
Egypt, expositional displays of: and craft displays, 20
cultural self-definition in, 57
historical scheme of, 14 , 37 , 38 , 60 , 117
Mariettes involvement in, 13
and private enterprise, 7
publications based on, 37 -39
at Universal Exposition of 1867 (Paris), 7 , 13 , 14 , 20 ,37 , 39 , 57 -58, 60 , 62 , 98 , 111 -12, 112-15,114 -16, 119 , 219 n46
at Universal Exposition of 1878 (Paris), 13 , 116 -17, 117,119
at Universal Ex-
position of 1889 (Paris), 48 , 70 , 75 -79, 76-77,119
at Universal Exposition of 1900 (Paris), 24 , 30 , 48 , 90 , 118 -19
at Weltausstellung (Vienna), 7 , 63 , 64-67,118
Western praise of, 58 , 60 , 115
at World's Columbian Exposition (Chicago), 30 , 81, 82 ,83 , 84 ,85 , 117 -18, 119 .
See also Architectural displays
L'Egypte à l'Exposition universelle de 1867 (Edmond), 37 -38, 39 , 111
Egyptology, 13 , 37 , 39 , 57 , 115 , 146 , 219 n46
Eiffel, Alexandre-Gustave, 71
Eiffel Tower, 4 , 5 , 47 , 48 , 52 , 71 , 90 , 91, 153
and Palace of Electricity, 176 -77, 177
Erlach, J. B. Fisher von, 219 n2
Eskimos, 72
Esplanade des Invalides, 78 -79, 88 , 181
Ethnography, 5 , 17 , 83 , 147 , 187 , 201 n21
and hierarchy of racial types, 20 , 32
and History of Habitation exhibit, 72
Eugénie (empress of France), 32 , 33 ,146 , 147 , 149
Exhibition halls, as architectural type, 51 , 52 , 95 , 108
Exposition displays, Islamic: authenticity of, 18 , 28 , 30 , 41 , 56 , 75 , 76 , 85 , 93 , 107
and colonialism, 2 , 5 , 51 , 52 , 69 , 89 , 90 , 93 , 125 , 127 , 130 , 133
and definition of cultural identity 2 , 3 , 10 -11, 45 , 56 , 57 , 122 , 136
and displays of indigenous peoples, 17 -18, 19 -20, 30 , 72 , 125
and History of Habitation exhibit, 70 -73, 75
literature occasioned by, 17 , 45 -46, 47 , 48
as microcosms, 1 , 2 , 18 , 31
and Orientalism, 10 , 28 , 40 -42, 56 , 110 , 130
picturesque quality of, 51 , 61 , 75 , 93 , 115 , 124 , 127 , 130
replicas used in, 57 , 95 , 106 -7, 111 , 119 , 127 , 129
and Rue des Nations exhibit (1889), 68 , 70 , 83
and Rue des Nations Exhibit (1900), 88 -89, 93 , 109 , 120 , 122
Expositional displays, Islamic, designed by Western architects: Algerian, 128 -29, 134
Egyptian, 7 , 69 , 75 -76, 111 -12, 114 , 116 , 118 , 134 -35, 137
at General Ottoman Exposition of 1863, 140 , 157
at International Colonial Exposition of 1931 (Paris), 181 -83
Moroccan, 135
Ottoman-Turkish, 60 , 96 , 98 -100, 104 , 109 -10, 134 , 140 , 143 -44, 157
and plans for Istanbul Agricultural and Industrial Exposition, 143 -44
Tunisian, 8 , 131 , 134 , 135 , 181 -83
at Universal Exposition of 1867 (Paris), 60 , 69 , 96 , 98 -100, 104 , 111 -12, 114 , 116 , 134 , 135 , 137
at Universal Exposition of 1878 (Paris), 134 , 135
at Universal Exposition of 1889 (Paris), 71 -73, 75 -76, 128 -29, 131 , 134 , 135
at Universal Exposition of 1900 (Paris), 109 -10, 118 , 120 , 131 , 134 , 135
at World's Columbian Exposition (Chicago), 109 .
See also Architectural displays
F
Fabian, Johannes, 17 -18
Ferry, Jules, 18
Figaro illustré,28
Forbes, Malcolm, 197
Foreign Debt Administration, 6
Fountains, 60 , 92 , 95 , 96 , 123 , 124 , 127 , 131
and Fountain of Top-Hane, 110
and Sultan Ahmed Fountain, 63 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109
France: Algeria colonized by, 7 , 69 , 75 , 125 , 130 , 133 , 163 -64, 220 n14
global empire of, 134
Morocco colonized by, 9 , 69 , 75 , 164
and relations with Egypt, 7 , 45 , 69
Tunisia colonized by, 8 , 69 , 75 , 131 , 133 , 164
Funerary architecture, 63 , 96 , 97, 118 , 175
Furness, Frank, 4 , 166,167 -68, 169,222 n38
G
Galerie des Machines, 4 , 5 , 48 , 52 , 125 , 153
Galland, Antoine, 204 n32
Galloti, Jean, 190
Gamaliyya Palace, 112 , 114 , 119
Gautier, Hippolyte, 68 , 77 , 136
on 1867 Paris Exposition, 52 , 60 , 62 -63
Gautier, Théophile, 100 , 145 , 146
Gazira Palace, 160
Gebhard, David, 213 n21
General Ottoman Exposition of 1863 (Istanbul), 6 , 139 -42, 140-41,157
Geometry, architectural, 96 -98, 100 , 128 -29, 133 , 155 , 219 n3
Gérando, Joseph Marie de, 17
Gérôme, Jean-Léon, 40 , 56 , 146
Girault, Charles, 93
Gleon, Delort de, 75 , 76 , 78 , 83 , 220 n9
Gobineau, Arthur de, 203 n10
Golombek, Lisa, 219 n4
Great Britain, 6 , 7 , 68 , 89 , 119 , 143 , 145 , 208 n1
Great Exhibition of 1851 (London), 1 -2, 4 , 51 , 165 -67
H
Hagia Sophia, 38 , 106 , 110 , 195
Halid Ziya, 48
Harayri, 45
Harun al-Rashid, 39
Haussmann, Georges-Eugène, 35 , 57 , 151 , 170
Hautecoeur, Louis, 134
Hénard, Eugène, 176
Hippodrome, 85 , 140 , 141 , 157 , 217 n8
Hobsbawm, Eric, 1
Holod, Renata, 219 n4
Hourani, Albert, 11
Hunt, Richard Morris, 168
I
Ibsen, Henrik, 146
Identity, cultural, 2 , 3 , 10 -11, 45 , 56 , 57 , 122 , 136 , 162 , 190
Ilbert, Robert, 159
Immigrant workers, 196
Industrialization, 1 , 8 , 136 , 140 , 145 , 203 n12
Interdisciplinary research, 4 -5
Interior decoration, 103 , 104
International Colonial Exposition of 1931, 135 , 181 -85, 182-84, 186
Iran: European intervention in, 9
Qajar dynasty in, 9
Iran, expositional displays of: modest scale of, 9 , 119
at Universal Exposition of 1867 (Paris), 119
at Universal Exposition of 1878 (Paris), 68 , 119 -20, 121
at Universal Exposition of 1900 (Paris), 89 , 90 , 120 , 121,122 , 214 -15n60
at Weltausstellung (Vienna), 119 , 120 .
See also Architectural displays
Iron architecture, 4 , 5 , 51 , 71 , 143
Islamic culture: and colonialism, 2 , 3 , 8 , 11 , 75 , 129 , 133 , 190
and dance, 22 , 23, 24 , 31,77 , 78 , 118
European absorption of, 196 -98
impact of European paradigms on, 10 -11
and modernization, 2 -3, 11 -15, 136
and Music, 22 , 24 , 30 , 54 , 114
science and technology valued in, 10 , 13 , 14 -15, 36 , 57
self-definition of, 2 , 3 , 10 -11, 56 , 57 , 122 , 136 , 153 , 162 , 190
status of women in, 10 , 46 , 49
See also Architecture; Expositional displays; Traditionalism
Islamic religion: and modernization, 9 , 13 , 14
and residential architecture, 72 , 123
and shari'a (divine law), 13
and Sufism, 8
and umma (community of believers), 13 , 15
Isma'il Pasha, 33
downfall of, 119
education of, 34
European loans sought by, 7 , 36
modernization favored by, 7 , 12 , 13 , 35 , 36 , 38
and opening of Suez Canal, 7 , 139 , 145 -49, 151
and Universal Exposition of 1867 (Paris), 7 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 36 , 111 , 119
Verdi's Aida commissioned by, 218 -19n46
Istanbul: architectural modernization of, 3 , 35 , 44 , 57
architectural restoration in, 195 -96
General Ottoman Exposition in, 6 , 139 -42, 157
Hagia Sophia in, 38 , 106 , 110 , 195
Hippodrome in, 85 , 140 , 141 , 157 , 217 n8
neo-Islamic architecture in, 157 -58
plans for Agricultural and Industrial Exposition in, 7 , 139 , 142 -44
Public Debt Administration Building in, 158 , 161
residential architecture in, 63
Sogukçesme Street in, 195 -96
Sultan Ahmed Fountain in, 63 , 106
Terminal of the Orient Express in, 110 , 158
Topkapi Palace in, 61 , 195 , 213 n12
Italy, 7 , 24 , 68 , 89 , 143 , 144
J
Janniot, Albert, 185
Jaussely, Léon, 183
165 -67, 168 , 219 n2, 221 nn, 222 n38
Jonnard, Charles, 164
K
L
Lapidus, Ira, 6
Laprade, Albert, 183 , 185 , 190 , 191 , 192 , 194
Launay, Marie de, 42 , 206 n77
Le Corbusier, 224 n18
Lemire, Charles, 19
Lepsius, Richard, 146
Lesseps, Ferdinand de, 58 , 75 , 145 , 149
Literature, occasioned by world's fairs, 17 , 45 -46, 47 , 48
London, Great Exhibition of 1851 in, 1 -2, 4 , 51 , 165 -67
Lyautey, Louis Hubert, 190 -92, 194 , 224 n18
Lyon, colonial exhibition in, 181
M
Madagascar, 134
Mahmud'Umar al-Bajuri, 45
Mairat de le Motte-Capron, A., 190
Maison Bernard et Mallet, 112
Mamluk period, in Egypt, 63 , 110 , 175
Mariette, Auguste, 13 , 37 -39, 115 -16, 161 , 206 n75, 219 n46
Marrakesh, 175
Marseille, colonial exhibitions in, 181
Mass culture, 32
Mehmed Çelebi Efendi, 205 n47, 208 n110
Mehmed I, mausoleum of, 96 , 97
Memphis, 118
Microcosms, world's fairs as, 1 , 2 , 18 , 31 , 181
Millet, René, 133
Modernization: advocated by Abdülaziz, 6 , 35 , 36 , 44 , 96 , 139
advocated by Isma'il Pasha, 7 , 12 , 13 , 35 , 36 , 38
in Egypt, 7 , 12 -14, 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 -39, 57
and Islamic architecture, 2 -3, 35 , 44 , 96 , 122 , 136
and Islamic culture, 2 -3, 11 -15, 136
and Islamic religion, 9 , 13 , 14
in Ottoman Empire, 6 , 12 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 45 , 49 , 57 , 96 , 139
and technological development, 13 , 14 -15, 36 , 45
Montreal, World Exhibition of 1967 in, 185 , 187 , 188
Monumental architecture: Algerian, 95
at Great Exhibition (London), 51
Ottoman, 11 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 63 , 96 , 97 , 134 , 140 , 155 , 157 , 212 n9
at Universal Exposition of 1878 (Paris), 95
at Universal Exposition of 1889 (Paris), 52
at Universal Exposition of 1900 (Paris), 52
at World's Columbian Exposition (Chicago), 52 , 81
Moorish architecture, 110 , 123 , 124 , 130 , 151 , 157 , 161 , 168
Morocco: division of power in, 8
and European trade competition, 8
French colonial rule of, 9 , 69 , 75 , 164
indigenous architecture in, 175 , 185 , 190 -91, 194
urban planning in, 190 -91
Morocco, expositional displays of: and colonialism, 69
and escapism, 122
modest scale of, 9
at Universal Exposition of 1867 (Paris), 61 , 62,122 , 124
at Universal Exposition of 1878 (Paris), 124 , 170
at Universal Exposition of 1889 (Paris), 124
at Universal Exposition of 1900 (Paris), 124
at World Exhibition of 1967 (Montreal), 185 , 188 .
See also Architectural displays
Mosques, 10 , 38 , 168 , 175 , 216 n85
in Algerian expositional displays, 127 , 128 , 128, 129
in Egyptian expositional displays, 83
in Ottoman expositional displays, 40 , 60 , 81, 85 , 95 , 96 , 99 -100, 99-101,206 n78
in Rue du Caire exhibit, 75 , 78
in Spanish expositional displays, 69
in Tunisian expositional displays, 92 , 131 , 133
at Universal Exposition of 1867 (Paris), 40 , 60 , 95 , 96 , 99-101,99 -100
at Universal Exposition of 1878 (Paris), 127 , 128
at Universal Exposition of 1889 (Paris), 75 , 78 , 128
at Universal Exposition of 1900 (Paris), 92 , 129 , 131 , 133
at World's Columbian Exposition (Chicago), 81,83 , 85
Muhammad'Ali, 7 , 8 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 38
Muhammad Amin Fikri, 46
Muhammad Sharif Salim, 46 , 48
Musée de l'Homme, 187 -89, 223 n12
Museum of the Colonies, 183 , 184,185 , 186
Musharabiyya s, 56 , 73 , 75 , 76 , 115 , 123 , 131 , 160 , 162
Mushir ad-Dawla, 36
Music, 22 , 24 , 30 , 54 , 114 , 156 , 204 n23
Mustafa Resit Pasa, 12
Muzaffar ad-Din, 36 , 37 , 122
N
Napoleon I, 8 , 13 , 37 , 38 , 45 , 219 n2
Napoleon III, 8 , 32 , 33 -34, 36 , 146
Necipoglu-Kafadar, Gülru, 154 , 156 , 219 n4
Neo-Arabic architecture, 129 , 159 -63
Neoclassical architecture, 5 , 52 , 93 , 153 , 163
Neo-Islamic architecture, 144 , 157 , 167 , 179 , 190
Neo-Moorish architecture, 192
New Gourna, 193 -94
New York, World's Fair of 1939 in, 185 , 187
Nochlin, Linda, 56
Normand, Alfred, 122 -23, 213 n32
Novels, occasioned by world's fairs, 17 , 46 , 48 , 49
Nubar Pasha, 35
O
O'Gorman, James, 168
Okels , 57 , 112 , 113,114 , 118 -19, 163
Olmstead, Frederick Law, 81
Orientalism, 10 , 28 , 40 -42, 56 , 110 , 130 , 175 , 207 n87, 209 n7
Ornamentation. See Decorative arts
Ottoman Empire: art of, 40 -42, 110
disintegration of, 6
economic dependency of, 6 , 96
and founding of Turkish republic, 6 , 185
indigenous architecture of, 3 , 11 , 35 , 38 , 39 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 57 , 96 -98, 110 , 154 -56
(See also Architectural displays)
industrialization in, 140 , 203 n12
intelligentsia in, 12 , 205 n47
modernization in, 6 , 12 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 45 , 49 , 57 , 96 , 139
and relations with Algeria, 6 , 7
and relations with Egypt, 6 , 7 , 8 , 13 , 38 , 119
and relations with Tunisia, 6 , 8
status of women in, 49
Western architects enlisted by, 60 , 96 , 109 , 134 , 140 , 143 -44, 154 -55, 157 , 158
Ottoman Empire, expositional displays of: and General Ottoman Exposition of 1863, 6 , 139 -42, 140-41
and painting, 40 -41
and plans for Istanbul Agricultural and Industrial Exposition, 6 -7, 139 , 142 -44, 144-45
publications based on, 37 , 39 , 42 , 44 -45, 155 -56
site plans of, 57 , 60 -61, 89
at Universal Exposition of 1867 (Paris), 2 , 6 , 11 , 37 , 39 -40, 57 , 60 -62, 95 -96, 98-105,98 -100, 103 -4
at Universal Exposition of 1878 (Paris), 48
at Universal Exposition of 1900 (Paris), 6 , 24 , 89 , 90 , 109 -10, 109,158
and universalism, 12
at Weltausstellung (Vienna), 6 , 42 , 44 , 49 , 63 , 64 -66,106 -7, 106,155
at World's Columbian Exposition (Chicago), 6 , 20 , 22 , 45 , 81,85 , 86 ,87 , 108 -9, 108 .
See also Architectural displays
P
Palace of Electricity, 176 -77, 177,222 n51
Palace of the Bey, 62 -63, 123 , 124-25
Palais d'Industrie, 32
Paris: arcades in, 112
ethnic neighborhoods in, 196
Haussmann's rebuilding of, 35 , 57 , 151 , 170
Islamic accounts of, 46 -48
and "Old Paris" display, 54 , 54 -55
Opera House in, 71
residential architecture in, 47
theatrical entertainment in, 27 , 29 , 46
Parvillée, Léon, 60 , 63 , 96 -98, 111 , 134 , 135 , 137 , 140 , 155 -56, 219 n3
Pavillon du Bosphore, 60 , 63 , 102-4,103 , 123 , 185
Paxton, Joseph, 165
Pays de Fées, 56
Persia. See Iran
Peru, 89
Philadelphia, Centennial Exposition in, 4 , 166 ,167
Photography, and Ottoman expositional displays, 40 , 42 , 45
Picturesque exhibits, 51 , 61 , 75 , 93 , 115 , 124 , 127 , 130
Poiret, Paul, 197
Prost, Henri, 191
Public Dept Administration Building, in Istanbul, 158 , 161
R
Rabinow, Paul, 224 n17
Racial classification, 19 -20, 32 , 203 n10
Rationalism, 11 , 39 , 96 , 115 , 129 , 137
Renaissance architecture, 73 , 170 , 219 n4
Replicas, 57 , 95 , 106 -7, 111 , 119 , 127 , 129 , 131
Residential architecture: in Cairo, 75 , 114 , 160 , 161
in Egyptian expositional displays, 95 , 111 -12
in History of Habitation exhibit, 72 -73
in Iranian expositional displays, 119
and Islamic religion, 72 , 123
in Istanbul, 63
and neo-Arabic style, 160 , 161
and neo-Islamic style, 190 -91
in Ottoman expositional displays, 60 , 63 , 95 , 96 , 103 , 212 n1
Parisian, 47
in Tunisian expositional displays, 61 , 95 , 123
at Universal Exposition of 1867 (Paris), 60 , 61 , 95 , 96
at Weltausstellung (Vienna), 63
Rivet, Paul, 189
Rivière, Georges-Henri, 189
Robinson, Charles Mulford, 174
Rococo, 5
Romania, 6
Rue de Djenne, 223 n3
Rue des Nations: at Universal Exposition of 1878 (Paris), 68 , 70 , 83
at Universal Exposition of 1900 (Paris), 88 -89, 93 , 109 , 120 , 122
Rue du Caire, 70 , 75 -78, 76-77,83 , 220 n9
S
Sadullah Efendi, 46
Said, Edward, 93 , 180 , 207 n87, 217 n104
Saint-Simonianism, 4 , 12 , 52 , 145
Saladin, Henri-Jules, 131 , 134 , 135 , 216 nn
Salaheddin Bey, 39 -40, 206 nn77-78, 207 n82
Salvage paradigm, 210 n44
Schmitz, E., 111
Science: and architecture, 2 , 39 , 98 , 137
coexistent with fantasy, 2
and definition of culture, 10
and displays of indigenous peoples, 19 -20, 30
and hierarchy of racial types, 20
Sébah, Pascal, 42
Serbia, 6
Shari'a (divine law), 13
Siam, 135
Sinan, 156
Sinasi, Ibrahim, 11 -12
Site plans: colonialism reflected in, 2 , 5 , 51 , 52 , 69 , 89 , 90 , 93 , 211 n66
of Egyptian displays, 57 , 63 , 89
of Ottoman-Turkish displays, 57 , 60 -61, 63 , 89
of Tunisian displays, 93
two-part organization of, 51 -52
of Universal Exposition of 1867 (Paris), 2 , 51 -52, 53, 54 , 56 -57
of Universal Exposition of 1889 (Paris), 52
of Universal Exposition of 1900 (Paris), 52 , 88 -89, 90 , 93
of Weltausstellung (Vienna), 63
of World's Columbian Exposition (Chicago), 52 , 80 , 81 , 83
Snider, Daniel, 83
Soviet Union, 219 n4
Space, exhibition. See Site plans
Spectacle: and Suez Canal opening, 139
and Universal Exposition of 1889 (Paris), 70 , 71 , 75 , 77
and World's Columbian Exposition (Chicago), 2 , 18
Stile floreale,143 -44
Suez Canal, 7 , 8 , 58 , 139 , 145 -49, 151
Sufism, 8
Süleyman mosque, 110
Sullivan, Louis, 171 -75, 222 n38
Sultan Ahmed Fountain, 63 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109
Sultan Qaytbay mosque, 63 , 75 , 110
Switzerland, 68
T
Technological development: and electrification, 47 -48
and imperialism, 1
Islamic valuation of, 10 , 13 , 14 -15, 36 , 57
Technological displays: and Galerie des Machines, 4
at General Ottoman Exposition of 1863, 140 -41
and Palace of Electricity, 176 -77, 177
and plans for Istanbul Agricultural and Industrial Exposition, 142 -43
at Universal Exposition of 1867 (Paris), 56
at Universal Exposition of 1878 (Paris), 45
at Universal Exposition of 1889 (Paris), 4
at Universal Exposition of 1900 (Paris), 109 -10, 176 -77
at Weltausstellung (Vienna), 4
at World's
Columbian Exposition (Chicago), 20 .
See also Craft displays
Temples, Egyptian, 39 , 57 , 95 , 114-15,115 -16, 117,118 , 147 , 206 n75, 219 n46
Tents, 61 -62, 71 , 72 , 124 , 125 , 147 , 148,149
Terminal of the Orient Express, 110 , 158 , 160
Texier, C. F. M., 219 n2
Thain, J. A., 109
Theater, 22 , 24 , 28 , 46 , 83 , 88 , 110 , 118 , 147
Thebes, 118
The Thousand and One Nights,29 , 33 , 120 , 123 , 145 , 204 n32
Topkapi Palace, 61 , 195 , 213 n12
Traditionalism: in Algerian expositional displays, 8
and Islamic architecture, 8
and Islamic religion, 9
in Ottoman culture, 6
in Tunisian culture, 14
in Tunisian expositional displays, 8
Transportation Building, at Columbian Exposition, 171 -75, 172-73
Trinh Mihn-Ha, 200 n9
Trocadéro Palace, 4 , 46 , 47 , 69 , 70-71, 90 , 90-91,117 , 170 -71, 171,188 , 221 n29
Truman, Ben, 24
Tselos, Dmitri, 175
Tunisia: French colonial rule of, 8 , 69 , 75 , 131 , 133 , 164
traditionalism in, 14
Tunisia, expositional displays of: and colonialism, 69 , 90 , 93 , 125 , 133
and displays of indigenous people, 18 , 182 -83
and escapism, 122
at International Colonial Exposition of 1931 (Paris), 181 -83, 182-83
site plans of, 93
and traditionalism, 8
at Universal Exposition of 1867 (Paris), 21 , 61 -62, 122 -23
at Universal Exposition of 1878 (Paris), 68 , 69 , 170
at Universal Exposition of 1889 (Paris), 18 , 78 , 131
at Universal Exposition of 1900 (Paris), 22 , 30 -31, 90 , 90 -91,92 , 93 , 131 , 132-33,133
at World Exhibition of 1967 (Montreal), 187
at World's Columbian Exposition (Chicago), 85 .
See also Architectural displays
Turquerie, 153
Twain, Mark, 33 -34
U
United States, at Parisian expositions, 68 , 89
Universal Exposition of 1867 (Paris): Algerian display at, 125 , 126
Baudot's review of, 98 -100, 103 -4
Champ de Mars at, 40 , 51 , 123
Egyptian display at, 7 , 13 , 14 , 20 ,37 , 39 , 57 -58, 60 , 62 , 98 , 111 -12, 112-15,114 -16, 119 , 134 , 135 , 219 n46
French historical display at, 54
indigenous peoples displayed at, 51 , 125
Iranian display at, 119 , 214 -15n60
main hall of, 4 , 51 , 52 , 208 n1
Moroccan display at, 61 , 62 ,122 , 124
mosques at, 40 , 60 , 95 , 96 , 99 -100, 99-101
Ottoman-Turkish display at, 2 , 6 , 11 , 37 , 39 -40, 57 , 60 -62, 95 -96, 98-105,98 -100, 103 -4, 134
Palace of the Bey at, 61 -62, 123 , 124-25
Palais d'Industrie at, 32
Pavillon du Bosphore at, 60 , 63 , 103 , 103-4,123 , 185
residential architecture at, 60 , 61 , 95 , 96 , 111 -12
and Saint-Simonianism, 4
site plan of, 2 , 51 -52, 53,54 , 56 -57
Suez pavilion at, 57 -58, 58-59
technological displays at, 56
Tunisian display at, 21 , 61 -62, 122 -23, 124-25,134
visited by Egyptian governor Isma'il Pasha, 7 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 36 , 111
visited by Ottoman sultan Abdülaziz, 6 , 7 , 32 -34, 35 , 36 , 39 , 60 , 139
Universal Exposition of 1878 (Paris): Algerian display at, 21 , 69 , 125 , 126-27,127 , 170
Egyptian display at, 13 , 116 -17, 117, 119 , 134
Iranian display at, 68 , 119 -20, 121, 135
monumental architecture at, 95
Moroccan display at, 68 , 69 , 124 , 135 , 170
Musée d'Ethnographie in, 188 , 189
Rue des Nations at, 68 , 70 , 83
Spanish display at, 69
technological displays at, 45
Trocadéro Palace at, 4 , 46 , 47 , 69 , 70-71,117 , 170 -71, 171,188
Tunisian display at, 68 , 69 , 135 , 170
visited by Shah Nasir ad-Din, 36
Universal Exposition of 1889 (Paris): agricultural displays at, 131
Algerian display at, 30 , 78 , 128 -29, 129,134
Egyptian display at, 48 , 70 , 75 -79, 76-77,119
Egyptian poetry occasioned by, 45 -46
Eiffel Tower at, 4 , 5 , 47 , 52 , 71 , 153
Esplanade des Invali-
des at, 78 -79
Exposition des Habitations Humaines at, 70 -73, 75
Galerie des Machines at, 4 , 5 , 48 , 52 , 153
indigenous peoples displayed at, 18 , 72 , 79
Islamic accounts of, 47 -48
monumental architecture at, 52
Moroccan display at, 124
Ottoman government's refusal to participate in, 78 , 108
Pavilion of Turkish Tobacco at, 48 , 107 -8, 107
and Pays de Fées amusement park, 56
and revolutionary centennial, 4 , 78
Rue du Caire at, 70 , 75 -78, 76-77,83 , 119 , 220 n9
site plan of, 52
technological displays at, 4
Tunisian display at, 18 , 78 , 131 , 134
visited by Shah Nasir ad-Din, 36
Universal Exposition of 1900 (Paris): Algerian display at, 30 , 90 , 90 -91,92 , 93 , 129 -30, 130, 134
displays of indigenous peoples at, 19
Egyptian display at, 24 , 30 , 48 , 90 , 118 -19, 134 , 135
Egyptian literature occasioned by, 46
Grand Palais at, 4 , 5 , 52 , 93 , 153
Iranian display at, 89 , 90 , 120 , 121,122 , 134
monumental architecture at, 52
Moroccan display at, 124
mosques at, 92 , 129 , 131 , 133
neoclassical architecture at, 5 , 52 , 93 , 153
"Old Paris" display at, 54 , 54 -55
Ottoman-Turkish display at, 6 , 24 , 89 , 90 , 109 -10, 109,134 , 136 , 158
Palace of Electricity in, 176 -77, 177,222 n51
Petit Palais at, 4 , 5 , 52 , 93 , 153
Porte Binet at, 222 n51
Rue des Nations at, 88 -89, 93 , 109 , 120 , 122
site plan of, 52 , 88 -89, 90 , 93
Trocadéro Palace at, 90 , 90 -91
Tunisian display at, 22 , 30 -31, 90 , 90 -91,92 , 93 , 131 , 132-33,133 , 134
Ville Arabe at, 92
visited by Shah Muzaffar ad-Din, 36 , 37
Urban planning, 153 , 190 -91, 224 n17
Usul-u mimari-i Osmani,42 , 44
V
Vallaury, Antoine, 158
Van Brunt, Henry, 168
Verdi, Giuseppe, 218 -19n46
Vigato, Jean-Claude, 181
Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène-Emmanuel, 96 , 98 , 152 , 156 , 170 , 212 nn
Vitruvius, 44
Volait, Mercedes, 159
Vulliamy, Lewis, 219 n2
W
Wagner, Roy, 10
Weltausstellung of 1873 (Vienna): Egyptian display at, 7 , 63 , 64-67,118
iron architecture at, 4
Ottoman-Turkish display at, 6 , 42 , 44 , 49 , 63 , 64 -66,106 -7, 106,155
residential architecture at, 63
site plan of, 63
Sultan's Treasury at, 63 , 66 ,107
White City, 4 , 81 , 83 , 153 , 172 , 174
Wittkower, Rudolf, 178
Wollen, Peter, 197
Women: segregation of, 56
social status of, 10 , 46 , 49 , 197
World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 (Chicago): Algerian display at, 85
Cairo Street exhibit at, 82, 83 , 84,117 , 119
Egyptian display at, 30 , 81 , 82 ,83 , 84, 85 , 117 -18, 119
indigenous peoples displayed at, 18 , 30 , 31 -32, 85
monumental architecture at, 52 , 81
neoclassical architecture at, 52 , 93
Old Vienna display at, 54
Ottoman-Turkish display at, 6 , 20 , 22 , 24 , 30 , 45 , 81, 85 , 86,87 , 108 -9, 108
Palace of Damascus at, 87 -88
site plan of, 52 , 80 , 81 , 83
Street of Constantinople in, 85 , 86
technological displays at, 20
Transportation Building at, 171 -75, 172-73
Tunisian display at, 85
White City at, 4 , 81 , 83 , 153 , 172 , 174
World's Fair Puck (periodical), 27 , 28 -29
Wright, Frank Lloyd, 213 n21
Y
Yemen, 47
Young Ottoman movement, 6 , 11 , 205 n47
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