INDEX
In order to keep the index to a reasonable length, most names of people used as examples or quoted in the text have been omitted. The figures in parentheses refer to the numbers of Notes.
A
accountancy, 10 , 67 , 73 , 114 -15, 123 -4, 126 , 137 -9, 161 , 163 -6
accumulation, profits, etc., 4 -5, 17 , 35 , 45 , 72 , 76 -7, 108 -9, 130 , 133 , 137 -42, 180 , 195 -7, 203 , 238 , 269 -70, 292 , 309 -10, 332 , 334
Addison, Joseph, 10 , 63 , 336
adultery, 199 -201, 202 , 223 , 234
age, influence on business and wealth, 44 -5, 106 -9, 114 , 119 -20, 141 -2, 144 -5, 153 -4, 181 -4, 245 , 270 , 309 -10, 333 , 394 -5
alehouses, 54 -6, 138 , 171 , 333 , 353 (126)
America, North, 33 , 37 , 39 -40, 134
apothecaries, 15 , 69 , 71 -2, 79 , 87 , 93 , 99 , 107 -10, 116 , 118 -19, 121 -2, 129 , 191 , 251 -2, 254 -6, 301 , 303 , 309 , 321 -2, 354 (140), 395
Apothecaries, Society of, 254 -6
apprentices, apprenticeship, 7 , 13 , 15 , 26 , 28 , 35 -6, 40 , 59 , 61 , 65 -6, 85 -105, 108 -11, 113 , 116 , 151 , 163 , 166 , 191 -2, 199 , 213 -8, 236 , 239 -40, 242 , 250 , 253 -5, 279 -80, 284 , 297 , 321 , 358 (1, 2), 359 (11, 18, 24), 394
architects, 72
aristocrats, aristocracy, 3 , 10 , 18 , 21 , 60 , 67 , 74 , 79 , 81 , 116 -17, 197 , 235 , 264 -5, 290 , 292 , 294 , 299 , 327 , 331
B
bakers, baking, 24 , 31 , 42 , 48 , 297 , 344 (28)
Baltic, 35 , 37 -9, 135 , 333 , 348 (67)
Bank of England, 48 , 137 , 149 , 151 , 156 , 260
bankers, banking, banks, 13 , 17 , 36 , 48 -9, 87 , 94 , 115 , 163 , 265 , 320 , 328 , 351 , (111, 112)
bankruptcy, 12 , 44 , 49 , 126 -30, 167 -8, 173 , 267 , 331 , 363 (32), 364 (35), 409 -14
Barbon, Nicolas, 28 , 112 , 130 , 139
Baxter, Rev. Richard, 12 , 191
beating, 101 , 104 , 201 , 203 , 226 , 230 -3
beer see brewers
bills of exchange, 44 , 134 -7, 365 (52), 366 (53)
Birmingham, 23 , 343 (23), 346 (46)
Blackwell Hall factors, 33 , 36 , 41 , 97 -8, 136 -7, 409 , 411
Boddington, George, 88 -9, 186 -7, 197 , 239
books, 10 -11, 73 -5, 165 , 233 , 296
booksellers, 12 , 36 , 75 , 87 , 91 , 99 -100, 107 , 119 , 158 , 345 (38)
brandy-shops see dramshops
brewers, beer, 15 -16, 24 -5, 30 -2, 39 , 54 -6, 77 , 97 , 107 , 121 -2, 272 , 280 , 344 (34), 410
brokers (see also pawnbrokers), 48 , 351 (108)
building, building trades, 22 , 28 -9, 31 -3, 64 , 107 , 109 , 119 , 148 , 155 , 206 -8, 210 , 251 , 292
bull and bear-baiting, 57 -8
Burnet, Bishop Gilbert, 11 , 62 -4
butchers, 36 , 42 -3, 48 , 410
Butler, Rev. Joseph, 13
Byrd, William the Younger, 276 -9
C
cabinet-makers, 23 , 27 , 32 , 116 , 148 , 294
calico-printing, 21 , 342 (16)
Campbell, R., author of The London Tradesman,23 , 90 , 98 , 107 -9, 162 -3
candlemaking, 25 , 32 , 36 , 121 , 345 , (38)
capital, stock, 3 -5, 26 -7, 29 -33, 35 , 42 , 50 , 98 -9, 106 -14, 190 , 197 , 208 , 270 , 347 (52)
carriage, 42 -3, 52 , 76 -7, 113 , 205 , 357 (187), 413
chairs, 15 , 31 , 235 , 293 -4, 299
Chamberlain, City, 95 , 104 , 263
charity, 65 , 94 -5, 110 -11, 250 -1, 254 , 257 -60, 316 -19, 361 (8), 392 (31)
charity schools, 65 , 69 , 268 , 319
cheesemongers, 36 , 43 , 48 , 50 , 87 , 107 , 119 , 129 , 170 , 320 , 350 (89), 410
Child, Sir Josiah, 164
children, numbers of, 213 -18, 230 -2, 394
children, upbringing (see also parents), 9 , 88 -9, 100 , 112 , 160 , 182 -8, 199 , 223 , 230 -9, 297 , 305 , 321 -2
church, clergy, 5 , 7 , 13 , 60 , 62 -5, 75 , 178 -80, 193 , 244 -8, 328 , 354 (140), 355 (151, 152)
civil servants, service, 35 , 73 , 265 , 356 (178)
clandestine marriage, 178 -9, 186
cleanliness, 222 -3, 225 , 298 -9, 303 , 388 (56)
clergy see church
clocks and watches, 23 , 32 , 295 -6, 387 (47)
cloth industry, trade, 21 , 33 , 38 -9, 41 , 134 -5, 286 -7, 293 -4, 412 -14
clothing trades, 21 -2, 29 -30, 32 -3, 166 , 171 , 411 -14
clubs, 53 , 55 , 241 -2, 264 , 267
coaches, coachmaking, 23 -4, 29 , 32 , 107 , 114 -17, 301 , 313 , 343 (27), 388 (62)
coal, coal merchants, 8 , 15 , 36 , 43 , 77 , 119 , 223 , 259 , 292 , 359 (91)
coffee, coffee-houses, 47 , 53 -4, 56 , 61 , 70 , 92 -3, 120 , 136 -7, 162 , 168 , 193 , 241 , 263 -4, 272 , 295 , 353 (124)
Colman, George, 10 -11
commerce see trade
companies, livery see livery companies
companies, joint-stock, 37 , 40 , 48 , 120 -2, 146 -9, 154 , 265 , 268
common councillors, 246 -50, 263 , 266 , 380 , (14, 15)
concerts (see also music), 58 , 296
Constantinople, 17
consumption, standards of, 9 -10, 13 -15, 21 -2, 130 , 140 , 269 -301, 332
cookery (see also diet, food), 10 , 52 -3, 55 -6, 222 , 274 -6, 279 -80, 297
cooks, cookshops, 55 -6, 95 , 222 -3, 227
Cooks, Company of, 55
coopers, wine-, 36 , 100 , 292 , 349 (84)
copperas manufacture, 133
cotton, 21 , 38 , 41 -2, 261 , 293 , 298
country houses, 155 -7, 206 , 213 , 374 (4), 405 -8
Court of Orphans see Orphans, Court of
Courts of Conscience, 126
Coventry, Sir William, 152
credit, 26 , 28 -9, 45 , 53 , 98 , 100 , 112 , 115 -23, 130 -2, 135 , 242 , 409 -14
crime, 59 , 76 , 93 -4, 102 -4, 220 , 226 , 228 , 243
Cumberland, 110
Custom of London, 85 , 93 , 95 , 160 , 187 , 196 , 314 -15, 391 (23)
D
Danzig, 35 , 135 , 311 , 348 (67)
death see mortality
debt, imprisonment for, 112 , 124 -6, 128 , 242 , 363 (26)
debt, insolvency (see also bankruptcy), 36 , 44 , 47 , 61 , 89 , 98 , 112 -30, 161 , 320 , 362 , (21), 363 (25), 409 -14
Defoe, Daniel, xi , 3 , 9 , 12 , 34 , 41 , 44 , 56 -8, 76 , 97 , 111 , 115 -16, 125 -7, 129 -30, 132 , 152 , 156 -7, 161 , 164 -5, 184 -5, 190 , 196 , 201 , 206 , 219 -20, 267 , 331 , 334
diet (see also cookery, food), 10 , 52 -3, 55 -6, 270 -81
dissenters, 64 -5, 67 -8, 245 , 247 , 267 , 311 , 382 (41)
Distillers' Company, 256 -7
distilling, 24 -5, 30 -3, 98 , 107 , 109 -10, 121 -2, 138 , 171 , 251 -2, 256 -7, 292 , 322 , 344 (36), 411
divorce, 198 , 200 , 234 , 236 , 373 (48)
dowries, 110 , 112 -13, 115 , 141 , 154 , 183 -4, 187 , 190 -1, 194 -9
drapers (see also woollen-, linen-drapers), 21 , 41 , 45 -6, 87 , 94 , 98 , 106 -9, 119 , 122 , 155 , 292 , 412
dress, 9 -10, 20 -2, 46 -7, 54 , 93 , 102 , 223 , 270 -1, 281 -90, 384 (22), 385 (28)
drinking, 10 , 24 , 51 -6, 102 -3, 107 , 109 , 178 , 203 , 228 , 259 , 304 , 313 -14
druggists, drugs, 36 , 71 -2, 87 , 155 , 304 -5
Dunton, John, 95 , 183 , 185 , 193
Durham, 43
dyeing, dyers, 21 , 30 -2, 107 , 121 , 133 , 411
E
East India Company, 24 , 37 , 41 , 74 , 149 , 151 , 156 , 295
Eastland Company, 37
Edo, 17
education, 6 -7, 11 , 13 , 34 , 37 , 63 , 65 -72, 88 -9, 95 -100, 161 -2, 164 , 232 , 236 , 238 -9, 320 , 331 -2
entertainment (see also cockfighting, drinking, etc.), 9 -10, 46 -7, 51 -60, 78 , 102 -3, 164 -5, 251 , 255 , 260 , 273 , 275 -6, 328
expenditure, 112 -14, 132 , 140 , 183 , 219 -20, 269 -301, 311 -14, 332
F
factors (see also Blackwell Hall), 33 , 35 -6, 39 -40, 42 , 76 , 98 -9, 106 , 113 , 347 , (62), 361 (2)
farmers, 4 , 14 , 21 , 30 -1, 42 -3, 77 , 86 , 100 , 135 , 272 , 276 , 335 , 405 -8, 412 -14
Fielding, Henry, 11
Fielding, Sir John, 220
finance (see also banks, credit, moneylenders, pawnbrokers), 14 , 17 , 34 -5, 40 , 48 -51, 55 , 87 , 265 , 337 , 351 , (108)
Financial Revolution, 48 , 144 -52
Fire, Great, of 1666, 22 , 47 , 78 , 146 , 148 , 207 -8, 244 , 251 , 259 -60, 293 -4, 296
fish, 47 -8, 50 , 251 , 258 -9, 277 -9
Fishmongers' Company, 7 , 258 -9
food (see also cookery, diet), 42 -3, 47 -8, 52 -3, 55 -6 , 102 , 210 , 272 -81
food, processing of, 25 -6, 32 , 36 , 47 -8, 138 , 171
food, trade in, 36 , 42 -5, 47 -8, 50 , 107 , 109 , 119 , 171 , 272 , 412 -14
fortune see wealth
France, 7 -9, 11 , 19 , 21 , 24 , 37 , 52 -3, 67 , 80 , 237 , 276 , 282 , 290 , 294
friends, 91 -2, 94 , 100 , 104 , 185 -6, 193 , 238 , 240 , 263 , 315 -17
funerals, 79 , 311 -14, 390 (18, 19)
furniture, furniture manufacture, 9 -10, 15 , 23 , 27 , 31 -2, 45 -6, 53 , 101 , 234 -5, 285 , 290 -300, 343 (26), 386 (41, 43, 44)
G
Gambier, Henry, 134 , 136 -7, 302
gambling, 56 -7, 89 , 102 -3, 165 , 353 (131)
games, 56 -7, 93 , 103 -4, 165 , 233 , 235 , 294 , 296
genteelness, gentility, 5 -12, 31 , 34 , 44 , 69 , 73 , 76 , 79 , 87 -9, 96 -7, 100 -1, 105 , 152 , 161 -6, 179 -80, 200 , 202 -3, 218 , 226 -7, 237 , 282 -4, 292 , 294 , 299 -301, 314 , 328 -9, 331 -3, 336
gentlemen, gentry, 3 , 5 -12, 14 , 21 , 60 , 67 , 73 , 81 , 86 -9, 115 -17, 126 , 145 -6, 152 , 165 , 192 , 195 , 197 , 209 , 235 , 264 -6, 270 , 276 , 278 , 327 -8, 331 -2, 409 , 413 -14
gin (see also distilling), 24 -5, 33 , 56 , 256 , 304
glass, glass-sellers, 24 , 30 , 32 , 36 , 170 , 292 -3, 298 , 300 , 344 (37)
goldsmiths, 23 , 26 , 32 , 49 , 94 , 99 , 107 , 130 , 139 -40, 411
Goldsmiths' Company, 7
government, central; government debt, 17 , 48 , 73 , 117 , 120 -1, 141 , 144 , 146 -52, 154 , 260 -2
government, local, 77 -8, 95 , 104 , 117 , 187 , 207 , 226 , 242 -4, 246 -50, 263 , 265 -6, 379 (6)
grocers, 36 , 42 -3, 47 -8, 87 , 107 , 109 , 119 , 139 -40, 148 , 162 -3, 259
Grocers' Company, 7 , 252 -3, 259 -60
gunmaking, guns, 23 , 32 , 243 , 296
H
haberdashers, milliners, 15 , 21 , 36 , 44 -7, 87 , 94 , 107 , 109 , 119 , 155 -6, 168 , 170 , 182 , 288 , 309 , 332 -3, 411 -14
hatmaking, 24 , 29 , 32 , 109 , 344 (28)
Holland, 8 , 21 , 37 , 39 , 135 , 164 -5
houses, lay-out of, 209 -11, 223 , 234 -5, 291 -2, 295 , 374 (6), 375 (13, 16)
houses, leases of, ownership of, 14 , 48 -9, 120 , 146 -8, 153 -4, 169 -74, 206 -9, 240 -1, 251 , 374 (8, 9), 405 -8
household structure, 205 , 212 -18, 394
housework, 97 , 160 -2, 222 -3, 296 -8
Huguenots, 24 , 39 , 136 -7, 319
I
immigration, 13 , 86 , 92 , 101 , 154 , 181 , 186 , 219 , 229 , 359 (6), 394
income, wages, 14 , 17 -19, 55 , 59 -62, 64 -5, 68 -9, 72 -3, 75 -6, 88 , 99 -100, 106 , 115 , 130 -2, 137 -42, 159 , 167 , 200 , 209 , 219 -20, 269 -70, 329 -30, 332 , 353 , (138), 354 (142), 405 -8
industry see manufacture and separate industries
inheritance, disposition of wealth, 3 , 6 , 15 , 50 , 88 , 94 , 110 , 133 , 141 -2, 154 , 160 , 167 , 170 , 174 , 178 , 187 -8, 195 -7, 235 -6, 238 , 314 -22, 394
inns, innkeepers, 51 -2, 77 , 109 , 119 , 162 , 210 , 352 (119), 406
insolvency see debt
insurance, fire, 15 , 78 -9, 168 -70, 173
insurance, marine, 40
interest, rate of, 48 -50, 117 -18, 130 -2, 141 , 148 , 152 , 364 (41)
investment, 3 , 6 , 14 , 40 , 48 -51, 113 -14, 120 -2, 130 , 143 -57, 168 -74, 208 , 257 , 394 , 405 -8, 410 , 413 -14
Ireland, 156
ironmongers, 27 , 36 , 45 , 52 , 87 , 107 , 119
Italy, 19 , 21 , 38 , 48 , 135 , 192
J
jewellers, jewellery, 15 , 27 , 32 , 36 , 46 -7, 49 , 87 , 114 -15, 119 -20, 130 -1, 172 , 410
jointures, 154 , 194 -5, 315 , 372 (39)
K
kin, relations with, 7 -8, 35 , 90 -2, 94 , 108 , 110 , 133 , 135 , 187 , 192 , 214 -17, 238 , 313 , 315 -18, 322
King, Gregory, 22 , 184 , 212 , 269 -72, 280 -1, 287 -9
L
lawyers, 5 , 35 , 60 -2, 67 , 99 , 114 , 122 , 242 , 353 (140), 354 (142), 395
leases see houses
leather, leather trades, 23 , 32 , 95 , 107 , 119 , 413
Levant Company, Levant merchants, 5 , 37 -8, 54 , 88 , 94 , 99 , 134 -5, 148 , 150 , 294 , 333
life expectancy, 79 , 88 , 95 , 130 , 141 -2, 144 -5, 186 , 195 -8, 203 -1, 236 , 305 -11
lighting, 46 , 55 , 207 , 221 , 191 -3, 300
linen, linen-drapers, 8 , 21 , 36 , 41 -2, 44 , 50 , 87 , 102 , 107 , 110 , 132 , 223 , 298 -9, 386 (36), 409 , 411 -13
literacy, 10 , 65 , 89 , 355 , (159), 368 (9)
livery companies, 7 , 15 , 58 , 85 , 95 , 104 , 134 , 207 , 250 -60, 311 -12, 335 , 346 (48), 394 -404, 409
lobbying, 133 -4, 255 -8, 261 , 265 , 294 , 386 (43, 44)
lodgers, 113 -14, 167 , 170 , 173 -4, 180 , 205 , 209 -10, 214 -17
London, Custom of see Custom of London
London, population of, 17 , 80 -1, 104 , 109 , 184 , 335 , 341 (2), 358 (196)
London, relations with provinces, xi , 6 -7, 14 , 17 -19, 21 -3, 25 , 40 -4, 48 -9, 52 , 77 , 86 , 88 -92, 112 , 116 , 135 -7, 152 -7, 186 , 219 , 229 , 264 , 335 -6, 342 (11), 343 (23), 344 (28, 37), 345 (38, 46), 365 (49), 366 (53), 405 -8, 410 , 412 -14
London, topography, 18 -20, 22 -5, 40 , 52 , 56 , 146 , 148 , 155 -6, 205 -6, 208 -9, 240 -1, 243 , 301 , 308 , 349 (74), 405 -8
looking-glasses, 25 , 27 , 32 , 45 , 47 , 87 , 165 , 292 -3
lotteries, 150 -1
M
Maitland, William, 56
Manchester, 42 , 344 (28), 412 , 414
Mandeville, Bernard de, 164 , 283
manufacturers, (see also separate industries and trades), 4 , 17 -34, 40 -1, 107 , 114 , 119 -22, 205 -6, 265 , 270 , 300 , 333 , 410 -14
market garden(er)s, 47 -8, 77 , 117 , 132 , 256 , 274
marriage, 6 -7, 110 , 141 , 160 , 162 , 174 , 177 -205, 221 , 228 -9, 236 , 239 -40, 242 -3
marriage, age at, 110 , 161 -2, 180 -5, 230 , 370 (10, 11)
marriage contracts (see also dowries, jointures), 61 , 109 , 194 -8
Marx, Karl, 3 -4
Massie, Joseph, 269 -70
matchmakers, 193 -4
Mather, Cotton, 232
Mayor's Court, 95 , 103 -4, 166 , 279 , 284 , 359 (24)
mechanicks see working class
medicine, medical profession (see also apothecaries, physicians, surgeons), 69 -72, 99 , 255 , 274 , 302 -6
Mediterranean, 37 -9, 135 , 275 , 278
mercers, 8 , 36 , 43 -7, 94 , 98 , 106 -7, 109 , 119 , 139 -40, 288 , 292 , 333 , 410 -13
Merchant Adventurers, 37 , 110 -11
merchants, 5 , 7 -8, 12 -15, 17 , 31 , 33 -40, 44 -5, 51 , 60 , 67 , 76 , 87 , 93 , 97 -9, 107 , 109 , 111 , 114 -15, 117 -22, 134 -6, 138 -40, 143 -4, 147 -55, 163 , 182 , 191 , 206 -7, 210 , 253 , 265 , 269 -70, 288 , 292 , 309 , 311 , 332 -3, 334 -5, 347 (61), 409 , 411 , 413 -14
metal goods, metal manufacturers, 15 -16, 22 -4, 27 , 32 , 52 , 94 , 107 , 109 , 119 , 297 , 343 (23), 409
milliners see haberdashers
Misson, Henri, 55 , 179 , 237 , 273 -5
money-lenders, 48 -51, 112 , 119 , 121 -2, 130 , 143 , 155 , 171
monopoly, 37 , 133 -4, 250 , 256 -7, 364 (46)
Monteage, Stephen, 289 , 299 , 388 (63)
mortality (see also life expectancy), 79 , 95 , 141 -2, 230 -1, 236 , 302 -3, 306 -11
music, musicians, 25 , 56 , 58 -9, 73 -4, 225 , 296 , 387 (49)
N
neighbours, relations with, 79 , 93 , 103 , 120 , 125 -6, 144 -5, 201 -3, 218 , 225 , 238 , 240 -50, 268 , 303 , 311 , 313 , 322 , 379 (4)
newspapers, 10 -11, 54 -5, 75 , 91 , 165 , 185 , 264 , 267
Northamptonshire, 7
Northumberland, 43
Norway, 96 -7
Norwich, 341 (2), 349 (79), 386 (43), 414
Nottingham, 43
O
oil, oilmen, 36 , 41 , 47 -8, 78 , 349 (84)
Orphans, Court of, 15 -16, 172 -3, 347 (61), 391 (24), 392 (25), 394 -5
Ottoman Empire, 38 , 134 -5, 141
P
parent, duties of, relations with children, 6 , 9 , 35 , 60 , 88 -92, 94 -5, 100 , 102 , 104 , 108 , 141 -2, 150 , 160 , 173 , 182 -8, 193 -4, 199 , 230 -9, 306 , 314 -15, 319 -23, 371 (12, 18, 19), 394
partnership, 37 , 111 , 139 -40, 151 , 168 , 361 (9), 383 (4), 409 -10
pawns, pawnbrokers, 36 , 49 -50, 55 , 107 , 118 , 123 -4, 140 , 170 -2, 283
Pepys, Samuel, 52 , 57 , 220 -9, 245 , 276 , 280 , 288 , 296 , 299 , 301 , 314
pewter, pewterers, 15 -16, 23 , 26 -7, 32 , 45 , 53 , 96 , 99 , 107 , 196 , 297 -8, 386 (36), 387 (52)
pharmacy, 304 -5
physicians, 5 , 12 , 35 , 69 -71, 79 , 122 , 255 , 303 -5, 354 (140), 356 (170), 395
plate, silver, 15 , 23 , 49 , 120 , 298
politics, 13 , 35 , 62 , 242 , 260 -8, 334
poor, poor law (see also working class), 12 -13, 15 , 47 , 65 , 179 -80, 183 , 205 , 240 , 244 -5, 248 , 254 , 258 -60, 266 -7, 280 -1, 318 -19, 322 , 330 -1, 379 (7)
pottery, pottery manufacture, 25 , 294 -6, 298 -300, 345 (40)
printing, 25 , 30 , 32 , 121 , 151 , 292 , 345 (38)
prize-fighting, 57 -8
professions (see also separate professions), 4 -5, 7 -8, 17 , 51 , 60 -75, 80 , 86 , 88 , 114 , 122 , 210 , 328 -9, 353 (140), 395
profit see accumulation
publishing, 10 -11, 17 , 25 , 73 -5, 357 (185)
R
readymade clothes, 21 -2, 172 , 286 -8, 343 (18)
real estate, 151 -7, 194 -5, 315 , 405 -8
reformation of manners, societies for, 268 , 379 (4)
religion, 13 , 62 -5, 89 -90, 115 , 178 -80, 189 , 232 , 234 -8, 244 -5, 247 -8, 260 , 267 -8, 311 , 319 -20, 322 -3, 335
remittance (see also bills of exchange), 38 -9, 134 -7
rent, 19 , 30 , 115 , 167 , 207 -9, 251 , 374 , (11), 405 -8
rentiers, 3 , 6 , 119 -22, 130 , 143 , 150 -1, 155 , 166 , 171 -2, 206
reputation (see also neighbours), 79 , 92 -3, 98 , 120 , 124 , 127 , 136 , 187 , 193 , 225 -6, 242 -3, 250 , 268
river, carriage on, 42 , 76 -7
river, industries of, 24 , 26 , 29 -31, 40 , 344 (31)
Royal African Company, 37 , 39 , 151
Royal Exchange, 40 , 351 , (99)
Royal Society, 53
Ryder, Dudley, 189 -91, 199 , 274 , 304 , 313
S
salesmen, shopkeeping tailors, 21 -2, 29 , 36 , 107
salters, 36 , 47 -8, 87 , 119 , 154
schools, 65 -9, 89 , 186 -7, 217 , 238 -9, 258 , 260 , 318 -19
schoolteachers, 60 , 65 -9, 75 , 238 , 328 , 354 (140)
scriveners, 48 -9, 51 , 73 , 91 , 97 , 99 , 173 , 194 , 319 , 413
servants, 59 , 63 , 76 , 96 -7, 100 -1, 103 ,
113 -14, 161 -2, 180 , 183 , 199 , 202 , 207 , 209 , 213 -29, 237 -8, 243 , 267 , 279 -80, 297 , 317 , 321 -2, 357 (187)
Sheffield, 343 , (23), 346 (46)
shipbuilding, 24 , 26 , 29 , 40 , 344 (31)
shipowning, 17 , 24 , 40 , 43 , 146 -9, 154 , 348 (72)
shipping, ships, ships' officers, 17 , 24 , 40 , 67 , 76 , 96 -7, 120 , 133 , 149 , 344 (32), 348 (72), 357 (187), 358 (189)
shopkeepers, shops, 5 , 8 -9, 13 , 17 -18, 26 -7, 29 , 34 , 36 , 39 -41, 43 -8, 65 , 73 , 98 -100, 106 -9, 111 -12, 114 -22, 139 -40, 143 , 148 , 159 , 161 -3, 168 , 170 -2, 202 , 205 -6, 209 , 219 , 253 , 265 -6, 269 -70, 282 , 288 , 292 , 331 , 333 , 350 (95, 96), 351 (99), 410 -14
silk fabrics, manufacture, trade etc., 15 -16, 19 -21, 24 , 28 , 32 , 38 , 41 , 47 , 135 , 162 , 165 , 261 , 264 , 283 , 285 -7, 342 (9, 10, 13), 385 (29), 410
silkmen, 36 , 41 , 87 , 90 , 107 , 109 , 155 , 168
slave trade, 39 , 137 , 348 (70)
soapmaking, 25 , 30 -2, 96 , 107 , 121 , 150 -1, 292 , 345 (38)
social mobility, 8 -9, 26 -9, 31 -2, 140 -1, 152 , 156 -7, 190 -1, 238 , 244 -50, 327 , 329 , 331 -2
social structure, 3 -9, 44 , 59 -60, 69 , 73 , 76 , 100 -2, 105 , 226 -7, 245 -50, 264 -7, 327 -33, 335
South Sea Company, 149 , 151 , 257 , 367 (13)
Steele, Sir Richard, 8 , 10 , 12 , 336
stock see capital
stock exchange, 48
street-lighting, 78
sugar, sugar-refining, 25 , 30 -2, 39 , 42 , 47 , 107 , 121 , 281 , 336 , 345 (38), 383 (7)
Sun Fire Office, 168 -70
surgeons, 69 -71, 95 , 99 , 119 , 150 , 255 , 354 (140)
Sweden, 38 -9
Swift, Jonathan, 52 , 209 , 274
T
tailors (see also salesmen), 21 -2, 26 , 32 , 65 , 107 , 114 -16, 288 -9, 342 (17)
tavern-keepers, taverns, 8 , 52 -3, 56 , 60 , 87 , 92 -3, 98 , 103 , 107 , 109 , 117 -19, 120 -2, 129 , 155 , 162 , 168 , 171 , 193 , 210 , 217 , 241 , 251 -2, 257 -8, 263 , 270 , 333 , 352 (122) 409 , 411
taxation, 14 , 73 , 89 , 113 , 115 , 167 , 211 -3, 245 , 265 , 375 (11)
tea, 10 , 47 , 134 , 136 -7, 161 , 164 , 272 , 281 , 295 , 299 , 336 , 383 (7), 387 (45)
technical change, technology, 18 -20, 22 -3, 25 -31, 33 , 300 , 336 -7, 346 (48)
Tenison, Archbishop Thomas, 64 , 66
textiles, textile manufacture (see also silk, cloth, cotton), 19 -22, 28 , 32 -3, 79 , 107 , 109 , 121 -2, 143 , 163 , 284 -90, 293 -4, 409 -14
timber-merchants, 36
tobacco, tobacconists, tobacco-refining, 25 , 32 , 36 , 39 , 42 , 44 , 47 , 54 -5, 87 , 109 , 119 , 303 -4, 413
toys, toymen, 46 , 119 , 170 , 232 , 235 , 296
trade, inland (see also wholesalers), 4 , 17 -18, 24 , 27 , 33 -4, 40 -4, 51 , 136 -7
trade, overseas (see also merchants), 4 , 8 , 17 -18, 23 -4, 27 , 31 , 33 -40, 47 , 87 , 97 -8, 133 -5, 137 -9, 348 (67, 68, 70)
U
undertakers, 15 , 79 , 311 -14
upholsterers (see also furniture), 16 , 27 , 31 -2, 36 , 107
usury laws, 131 -2
V
Vanderlint, Jacob, 123 , 271 -2, 274 , 280 -1, 289 -90
victuallers (see also alehouses, coffee-houses, cook-shops, etc), 51 -6, 1 -06, 119 , 166 , 171 , 206 , 352 (118), 411 -14
vintners see tavern-keepers, wine
Vintners' Company, 50 , 257 -8
W
wages see income
water supply, 77 -8, 210 , 223 , 298
wealth, disposition of see inheritance
wealth, fortune, 13 -15, 29 , 31 -6, 45 , 51 , 60 , 72 , 74 -6, 108 -9, 141 -2, 149 -50, 153 -5, 249 , 270 , 292 , 309 -10, 347 (61), 352 (177), 357 (182), 394
weapons (see also guns), 243 , 296
weavers, weaving (see also silk), 16 , 20 -1, 26 , 32 , 207 , 261 , 410 -11
wetnursing, 217 , 236 -7, 377 (43)
wharfingers, 364 (46)
wholesalers, 14 , 17 , 27 , 29 , 31 , 33 -6, 40 -5, 51 , 60 , 98 , 107 , 109 , 112 , 115 , 118 , 120 -2, 134 -6, 143 , 163 , 206 , 253 , 333 -4, 349 (84), 352 (116) 409 -14
widows, 50 -1, 91 -2, 151 , 158 , 160 -4, 166 -74, 186 , 193 , 236 , 254 , 314 -15, 321 , 370 (27), 378 (52), 413
wills, 15 , 61 , 153 , 187 -8, 235 -6, 238 , 303 , 314 -23, 369 (16), 394 -405
wine, wine trade, 38 , 50 , 53 , 122 , 257 , 280 , 349 (84), 352 (123), 409 -10
wine-coopers, see coopers, wine-
women in business, 25 , 50 -1, 160 -74, 315 , 410
women, legal position, 158 -60, 198 -200
women, work, 65 , 162 -3, 166 , 174 -5, 218 -29, 288 -9
woodworking (see also furniture), 23 , 26 , 32
woollen-drapers (see also drapers), 33 , 36 , 41 , 43 , 45 -6, 94 , 107 , 109 , 125 , 411 -14
working class, mechanicks (see also poor), 3 -4, 14 , 18 -19, 22 , 44 , 49 -50, 55 , 57 , 59 , 65 , 80 -1, 205 , 327 , 329 -31
writers, 73 -5
Y
York, 33