T
tar derby
cigarette advertising, impacts on, 27 -28, 259
Consumers Union, 28
contrast with later reluctance to imply health benefits, 274
response to cancer scare, 26 -28
tar wars, also called, 25 , 161
Tobacco Working Group, 161
tar market, 243
Tarrance & Associates, Proposition 5 pollster, 419 , 421 , 423
taste, relationship to nicotine, 104
taxation
discouragement of children from smoking, 249
taxation (continued)
nicotine content, taxation based on, 258 -259
Technical Advisory Group, for fire-safe cigarettes, 252
Ted Bates and Company, research on Barron's editorial, 178
television advertising ban
benefits to industry, 258
product placement in films as circumvention of, 365 , 368 -369, 374 -390
Tempest , product placement in, 368 -369, 371 , 373
Theatres West, Kool Jazz advertisements in, 387
Tiderock Corporation
American Medical Association, 181 , 184
Barron's editorial, 175 -178
True magazine article, 179 , 180
YouMaySmoke , 174
Time, Inc., meeting with high-level industry executives regarding Surgeon General's 1983 report, 356
TIRC. See Tobacco Industry Research Committee
titanium dioxide
additive, 227
TMSC. See Tobacco Manufacturers' Standing Committee
tobacco
high-nicotine, 85
nicotine content enriched in Ariel cigarettes, 75 -76
Tobacco Advisory Committee
annual pesticide residue meeting (in US), 209
Tobacco Research Council, previous name, 48
Tobacco Associates, site visit to Washington University, 311
tobacco blend
biological activity
—effect on, 152 -153
Vto reduce, 125
tobacco company projects, definition, 289
tobacco control program, 436
tobacco extract
additive, 85
Premier cigarettes, used in, 219
tobacco glycoproteins. See Glycoproteins
tobacco industry credibility, as low, 392 , 419
Tobacco Industry Research Committee
Battelle Memorial Institute research, 70
collaborative research among companies, 122
consistency of industry message over time, 342 , 343
Council for Tobacco Research, renamed, 32
founding members, 33
Frank Statement to Cigarette Smoker , 33 -35
Hill and Knowlton, 33 , 39 -40
independence, assurances of, 42
lawyers' role in, 36
organization and policy of, 33 -36
policy regarding publication of research, 321 -322
public relations role of, 26 , 33 , 39 -40, 53 , 358 -359
"safe" cigarette research, 53
Scientific Advisory Board, 35 , 42
special projects, 240
staff overlap with Tobacco Institute and Hill and Knowlton, 40
Surgeon General's 1964 report, planned reaction to, 50 -52
Tobacco Institute, staff overlap, 40
Tobacco Manufacturers' Standing Committee, contrast with, 47 -48
tobacco industry-sponsored symposia
ALEPH Foundation, 321
industry lawyers, use by, 351
Rylander symposium, 309
Tobacco Institute
ACVA Atlantic Study, selection of homes for environmental tobacco smoke study, 411
additives, 211 , 223 , 225 , 226 , 227 -228, 231
advertisement based on Barron's editorial, 176 -177
American Legislative Exchange Council, support of, 385
American Society of Legislative Clerks and Secretaries, support of, 385
Amusement and Music Operators Association, support of, 386
Chemosol research, role in coordinating, 213 -216
Committee of Counsel, 156
Communications Committee, 193 -194
community organizations, donations to, 362
Council of State Governments, support of, 385
criticized for moving too slowly, 190
efforts to influence high-level media management regarding legislation, 356
environmental tobacco smoke, selection of homes for ACVA study of, 411
Executive Committee recruitment to contact high-level media executives, 326 -358
formation of, 39
Hill and Knowlton, staff overlap, 40
National Association of Attorneys General, support of, 385
National Association of Convenience Stores, support of, 386
National Association of Counties, support of, 385
National Association of Latino Elected Officials, support of, 385
National Association of Neighbors, support of, 386
National Association of State Departments of Agriculture, support of, 385
National Black Caucaus of State Legislators, support of, 385
National Cancer Institute study of additives, 227
National Center for Initiative Review, support of, 385
National Conference of State Legislatures, support of, 386
National League of Cities, support of, 386
National Legislative Services and Securities, support of, 386
National Licensed Beverage Association, support of, 386
National Order of Women Legislators, support of, 386
passive smoking and lung cancer, acceptance of consultants, 415
political organizations, contributions to, 385 -386
pressure on companies to not adopt anti-smoking positions, 355
Public Affairs Council, support of, 386
public relations, 254 -255, 40
Public Smoking Advisory Group, 394
Regional Governors' Associations, support of, 386
Roper Organization study for (1978), 392
Seltzer, Carl, trip to Australia sponsored by, 294
social acceptability of smoking and tobacco industry, 392
Southern Association of State Departments of Agriculture, support of, 385
staff overlap with Hill and Knowlton and TIRC, 40
State Governmental Affairs Council, support of, 386
State Legislative Leaders Foundation, support of, 386
state lobbying budget, 362 -363
Surgeon General's 1964 report, planned reaction to, 50 -52
timorous approach to smoking and health issues, 54
Tobacco Industry Research Committee, staff overlap, 40
Tobacco Working Group, reaction to draft press releases, 158
True magazine article, 179
US Council of Mayors, support of, 386
Washington University site visit, 311
Women Involved in Farm Economics, support of, 386
workplace smoking, opposition to restrictions on, 250 -251
tobacco leaf chemical composition, deadwood documents, 246
Tobacco Manufacturers' Standing Committee
cardiovascular effects of nicotine, 97 -98
Fisher, Sir Ronald A., 186
formation of, 47
Harrogate laboratory, 113
mouse skin-painting capacity of Harrogate laboratory, 114 -115
nicotine, beneficial effects of, 60 -61
Royal College of Physicians Report, reaction to, 47 , 111 -112
Tobacco Advisory Committee, name changed to, 48
Tobacco Industry Research Committee, comparison with, 47 -48
Tobacco Research Council, name changed to, 48
tobacco price supports, 257
Tobacco Research Council
Battelle Memorial Institute research, 70
carcinogenesis research, 137 -138
DDT residues, analysis of US imports for, 209
glycoproteins, 397
Janus, Project, relationship to, 144
Keogh, Dr., 198
mouse skin-painting experiments, 123
smoking and lung cancer, 152
Tobacco Advisory Committee, name changed to, 48
Tobacco Manufacturers' Standing Committee, previously named, 48
YouMaySmoke , funding for, 174
Tobacco Securities Trust, 5
tobacco smoke condensate, fresh versus old, 116 -117
tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA). See Nitrosamines
tobacco substitutes
Batflake, 164 -165
cytrel, 164
Hunter Commission, 163
Imperial Chemical Industries, 162 -163
marketing of cigarettes using, 166
National Cancer Institute, 163
overview, 162 -166
Philip Morris, 164
Planet cigarettes, 163
Reynolds, R. J., 164
toxicity, reduction, 126 , 137 -138
tobacco tar. See Mouse skin painting
tobacco tax. See Taxation
tobacco type, relationship to smoking patterns, 142
Tobacco Workers International Union, assistance in effort against California Proposition 5 , 419
Tobacco Working Group
industry influence on press statements, 157 -158
industry view of, 156
membership in, 155
National Cancer Institute, 155 -162
"safe" cigarette program rationale, 159 -160
scientific goals, 157
termination of, 161
Tso, T. C., 207
tolerance. See Nicotine addiction, tolerance
toxicity
different cigarette brands, 160 -161
pyrolysis, effect of, 211
trade secrets, regarding fire-safe cigarette, 253
tranquilizers
competitors to cigarettes, 344
nicotine
—comparison with, 62 , 73 , 75
—tranquilizing effect of, 64
Trans World Airlines, use of industry economic influence to affect company's policies on smoking, 355
True cigarettes
advertisement of, 16
smoking-and-health controversy for marketing purposes, 259
True magazine article, 179 -180
truth, and legal liability, 4
TSNA. See Nitrosamines
tumorgenicity
additives, 19
cigarette manufacturing process, effect on, 136 -137
potassium carbonate, 145
puff volume, effects on, 146
Two for the Price of One , product placement in, 390