P
package warnings, 193
pancreatic cancer, Surgeon General's report, 19
panic, of industry with regard to 1964 Surgeon General's report, 441
paper, cigarette
fortified with nicotine, 124
sidestream smoke, effect on, 405 -406
passive smoking
airlines, 248
Brown and Williamson response to JAMA articles, 444
Civil Aeronautics Board, 248
commercial aspects, 401 -402
considered relatively unimportant (1974), 395
constitutionality of smoking restrictions, 263
damages to lung cancer victim, 251
defensive research on, 405
early recognition of importance by industry, 393 -394
Hirayama research criticized by Theodor Sterling, 299
liability for, 251
new products to respond to, 151
nitrosamines, 398
smokers' rights organizations, 252
Surgeon General's 1979 report, 384
threat to industry, 248 , 257 -258
tobacco industry model ordinance, 251
workplace smoking regulation, 250 -251
zealots, 393
See also Environmental tobacco smoke; Sidestream smoke
patent, Ariel, 75 -76
Paul, Weis, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison, discovery of BAT results in US cases, 267
PCL. See Processed cigarette leaves
Peabody Museum, 293
Pearson, B. G., keeping track of scientists, 197 -198
PEG. See Polyethylene glycol
PEI (polyethyleneimine)
additive to boost extractable nicotine, 81 , 83
Avalon filter, 125
biological activity, effect on, 152 -153
filter treatment to reduce toxicity, 124
Kronberg Research Conference, 132
Life cigarette filter, 153
Penar
chromosome aberrations in plants, 203 -204
dimethylnitrosamine produced, 206
Imperial Tobacco (UK), 207
Less Hazardous Cigarette Committee, 205
personal reassurance, of low-delivery cigarettes, 245
pessimism, in anticipation of Surgeon General's 1964 report, 51
pesticides
annual residue meeting, 209
DDT, 209
pyrolysis effects, 204
regulatory issues in West Germany, 209
residues
—in tobacco, 202
—in various cigarette brands, 209 -210
view on safety contrasted with safety of tobacco use, 207
pH
nicotine
pharmacology, nicotine. See Nicotine, pharmacology
phenols
Philip Morris
Addiction Research Foundation, 304
additives, disclosure of, 229
annual pesticide residue meeting, 209
Apocalypse Now , Marlboro placement in, 372 -373
central nervous system research, 286
Chemosol, 213
cocoa, 220
consistent products, 137
diethylene glycol, humectant, 223
Environmental Protection Agency, attacks on, 181
G-13 process to expand tobacco, not using, 217
Marlboro product placement in films, 367 , 372 -373
nicotine analogues, 97
nicotine delivery devices compared to Ariel, 76 -77
nitrosamines, 143
product placement in films, 365 , 368 , 372 -373
restrictions on smoking, protest of, 188
smoke from cigarettes, 154
Superman II , Marlboro placement in, 367
Tobacco Industry Research Committee, 33
tobacco substitutes, 164
Tobacco Working Group, 155
Washington University site visit, 311
workplace smoking, restrictions on, 251
phosgene, byproduct of burning freon, 217
physicians
eminent, 187
low-tar cigarettes, promotion of, 90 -91
Scientific Perspective on the Cigarette Controversy, 358
smoking-and-disease controversy, 359
use in cigarette advertisements, 28
Pichlarn Research Conference (1981)
additives, 211
sidestream smoke, 401
smoker compensation, 91 , 141 -142
pipe tobacco, cocoa as additive, 220 -221
pistol, smoking, 45
pituitary gland, effect of nicotine on, 62
Planet cigarettes, tobacco substitutes, 163
Plitz Cinema ads, termination agreement, 373
politics
additives, 230 -231
brand advertising used to support political position, 191
carbon monoxide, 141
Council for Tobacco Research, 44 , 317 -318
nicotine addiction, 249
nonsmokers' rights initiatives, 352
preemption strategy, 253
product placement in films, 372
Proposition 5, 417 -428
Proposition P, 431
Proposition 10 , 352 , 428 -431
smokers' rights groups, 408
taxation of tobacco based on tar and nicotine content, 259
tobacco, as unpopular with politicians, 257
Tobacco Institute support, 385 -386
tobacco superfund legislation, 276
See also Proposition 5; Tobacco Institute
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
additives, effects of, 144
carbon monoxide, effect of reducing, 136
carcinogenicity, used in tests of, 153 -154
carcinogens, 127
removal from cigarette smoke, 131
polyethylene glycol
Avalon filter, 125
filter additive to reduce carcinogenicity of cigarette smoke, 124
polyethyleneimine. See PEI
Post-Keyes-Gardner, Project Truth, 184
potassium carbonate, additive to reduce benzo(a)pyrene delivery, 125 , 127 , 145
powder keg, MH-30, 205
preemption
federal fire-safe cigarette legislation, 252 -253
general industry political strategy, 253 , 255 -256, 259
pregnancy, Surgeon General's report, 19
Premier
Ariel, compared to, 77
Eclipse, compared to, 440
nicotine delivery device, 30 , 219
tobacco extract used in, 219
preventable deaths, tobacco compared to other factors, 437
Private School , product placement in, 390
processed cigarette leaf (PCL), biological activity of, 130 , 145
product development. See Cigarette design
product placement in films
All the Marbles , 390
Alta Marea Productions, 367
Body & Soul , 390
brands in specific films, 371
Cheaper to Keep Her , 390
Entity , 390
First Blood , 390
government safety program, 367
Harry & Son , 387
Honky Tonk Freeway , 390
Jinxed , 390
Kill & Kill Again , 390
Killing Ground , 387
Kool cigarettes, 369
legislation to outlaw for cigarettes, 368
loss of enthusiasm by Brown and Williamson for, 372 -374
Love Child , 390
Making Love , 390
Never Say Never Again , 387
Night People (All Night Long) , 390
Nine to Five , 390
Only When I Laugh , 390
Philip Morris, 365
Private School , 390
producers, active solicitation by, 367
Savannah Smiles , 390
secondary placement on video and television, 368
Shaker Run , 387
Sharkey's Machine , 390
Smokey & Bandit III , 387
specific theaters, 387
Star Chamber , 390
Summertime , 390
Supergirl , 367
Superman II , 367
Superman III , 367
Sylvester Stallone, 365 -367, 387
Tank , 387
television, 364 -365
Tempest , 387
Two for the Price of One , 390
Wacko , 390
Where the Boys Are , 387
See also Associated Film Promotion (AFP)
products liability
additives, 226 -227, 230 -231, 232 , 233
attribution of statements made by non-US BAT subsidiaries, 274
conference on, 275
definition, 264
freon to expand tobacco, 217
in-house versus contract research, 275
industry-sponsored research linking smoking with cancer, problems created by, 302
maintaining legal distance between B&W and BAT, 277
nicotine pharmacology, knowledge of as dangerous, 245
profits, adverse effect of loss of products liability case, 276
scientific research, problems created by, 6
scientists, avoiding damaging statements by, 275 -276
strategy of no settlements, 276
tobacco superfund legislation, 276
warning labels, benefits of, 54 , 255 -256
profits, adverse effect of loss of products liability case, 276
Project A, 193 -197
Project Ariel. See Ariel
Project B, 195 -197
Project Hilton. See Hilton, Project
Project Hippo I. See Hippo I, Project
Project Hippo II. See Hippo II, Project
Project Janus. See Janus, Project
Project Rio. See Rio, Project
Project Truth
countering health messages through cigarette advertising, 188
description, 184 -187
Frank Statement, 185
Tobacco Institute Communications Committee, 194
Project Wheat, 92
Proposition 5
American Cancer Society, 423 , 424
California Action Plan, 421
Californians for Common Sense, formation to shield industry involvement, 420
chairmen, nominal, 421
description of, 417
Economic Research Associates, production of economic cost report favorable to industry, 422
industry control of campaign, 421
industry veto of attacks on legislature suggested by Woodward & McDowell, 424 -425
lawyer involvement in, 420
Ligget & Meyers, 420
polling results, 419 , 421 , 422 -423
potential financial impact on industry, 426 -427
public support of smoking restrictions, 425
rock concerts versus jazz concerts, 424
strategies for defeating, 417 -418, 421
tobacco industry's low profile, 418
Woodward & McDowell, management of No-on-5 campaign, 420 -421
potential financial impact on industry, 417
Proposition P, 431
Proposition 10 , 352 , 428 -431
propylene glycol
Additives Guidance Panel, 224
humectant, 218
Public Affairs Council, Tobacco Institute support of, 386
public opinion, and tobacco industry, 262
public policy. See Politics
public relations
addiction, 353
additives, 137 , 225 , 228 , 230 -231, 233
Barron's editorial, 175 -177
BAT, 339 -342
benefits of smoking, 344
birth control pills and smoking, 353
caffeine as additive, 137
cancer, countering evidence that smoking causes, 188 -189
carbon monoxide, 353
Chemosol, 215
contrasted with internal research, 104 -105, 133
Council for Tobacco Research, 17 , 32 -33, 44 , 254 -255, 322 -323
creating controversy, 169 , 171 , 288 , 353
Dontenwill study showing that inhalation produces cancer, 248 -249
Environmental Protection Agency, attacks on, 181
environmental tobacco smoke, 23 , 342 , 352 , 352 , 353 , 415
filter cigarettes, promotion of, 28
fire-safe cigarette, 352
Food and Drug Administration, jurisdiction of, 353
Frank Statement to Cigarette Smokers, 33 -35
health-image cigarette, 129
Hill and Knowlton, 33
hoax, 240
Huber, Gary, 353
inhalation studies, 134
legal implications, 4 -5
less toxic cigarette, 118
liability, 339
low profile for industry in political campaign, 418
low-tar cigarettes, promotion of, 28
lung cancer
—alternative explanations for, 352
—and environmental tobacco smoke, 353
—public versus private statements of industry, 18
media, high-level meetings with, 356 -358
medical community, initial responses directed at, 358
misrepresentation of Lawrence Garfinkel and American Cancer Society position on passive smoking and lung cancer, 351
mouse skin painting, 21 , 127 -128, 133 , 134 , 187
nicotine addiction, 101 , 102 -103, 249
pitfalls of trying to influence media, 356 -358
Project Truth, 184 -187
Reader's Digest, problems created by, 122
Rothschild, Henry, 292 -293
"safe" cigarette research, 125
scientific evidence, approach to, 341
selling doubt, 190 -191
Seltzer, Carl, 295
special projects, 317
Superdome, 353
Surgeon General's 1964 report, attacks on, 162
Surgeon General's 1983 report, attacks on, 356
Tobacco Industry Research Committee, 32 -33, 39 -40
See also Frank statement; Physicians, influencing
public smoking
CTR special projects and consultancies, 329 , 330 , 331 , 333 , 335 , 336
See also Environmental tobacco smoke; Nonsmokers' rights; Passive smoking; Sidestream smoke
public support of smoking restrictions, 425
Public Smoking Advisory Group, 394
publication
carcinogenicity, 128
Chemosol, 215
Council for Tobacco Research credit, 317
industry control of, 126
influence on, by industry, 321 -323
lawyers' suggestions regarding scientific publication, 292 -293
manipulation of, by industry, 288
puff volume, effect on biological activity, 145 -146, 152 -153
pyridine, additives, effects on, 227
pyrolysis
additives, effects on, 201 , 211
agricultural chemicals, effects on, 204
carbon monoxide, 210
carcinogenicity, 229
hydrogen cyanide, 210
pesticides, effects on, 210
phosgene from freon, 217