Articles

Alam, Z. G. “Violation of Human Rights of the Afghans.” (In Pashto.) Mujahid Wolas (newspaper), May-June 1991, 1.

Amin, R. “The Future of Afghan Society after Settlement of the Conflict.” Writers’ Union of Free Afghanistan Journal (Peshawar), January-February 1991, 1-20.

Amnesty International. “Torture in Afghanistan.” Amnesty International Newsletter (London), December 1983.

Anonymous. “Two Martyred and the Same Fate.” Voice of Freedom 4, no. 9 (September 1990): 35-43.

Arnold, A. “Communism in Afghanistan.” In Encyclopaedia Iranica, 111-18. Costa Mesa, Calif.: Mazda Publishers, 1992.

Arnold, A., and R. Klass. “Afghanistan’s Divided Communist Party.” In R. Klass, Afghanistan: The Great Game Revisited, 135-60. New York: Freedom House, 1987.

Assifi, A. T. “The Russian Rope: Soviet Economic Motives and the Subversion of Afghanistan.” World Affairs 145, no. 3 (1982-83): 253-66.

Azari, E. “Afghan Refugees: A Tragedy Created by Communism.” Writers’ Union of Free Afghanistan Journal (Peshawar), March-April 1991, 62-83.

Azizi, H. “Guardianship or Looting of a City?” Afghanistan [Journal], published by Afghan Information Center, Peshawar, No. I (April 1994): 66.

Baha, S. “From the Cruel Executions to the Flight from the Crucible of Communism.” Pen in the Service of Jehad Journal (in Dari), March 1990, 3-7.

Barth, F. “Cultural Wellsprings of Resistance in Afghanistan.” In R. Klass, ed., Afghanistan: The Great Game Revisited, 187-202. New York: Freedom House, 1987.

Bilolavo, F. “One Man’s Sentence in Afghan Hell.” The Insight, 4 July 1988, 8-16.

Bisharat, M. N. “The Stormy Developments of the Coalition of the North.” Hurriyat, nos. 1-2 (1992): 10-17.

Canfield, R. “Ethnic, Regional, and Sectarian Alignment in Afghanistan.” In B. Banuazizi and M. Weiner, eds., The State, Religion, and Ethnic Politics: Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan, 75-103. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1986.

——————. “Islamic Sources of Resistance.” Orbis: A Journal of World Affairs, spring 1985, 57-71.

Deac, W. P. “Sky Train Invasion.” Afghanistan Forum, no. 3 (1993): 22-24.

Dobbs, M. “Dramatic Politburo Meeting Led to End of War.” Washington Post, 16 November 1992, A1, A6.

——————. “Secret Memos Trace Kremlin’s March to War.” Washington Post, 15 November 1992, A1, A32.

Edwards, D. B. “The Evolution of Shi’i Political Dissent in Afghanistan.” In J. R. I. Cole and N. R. Keddie, eds., Shi’ism and Social Protest, 201-29. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986.

Emad, S. N. “The Impact of Jehad on the Local and National Customs of Afghanistan.” In The Future of Islamic Afghanistan 1:31-41. Islamabad: Cultural Council of Afghanistan Resistance, 1980.

Ermacora, F. “The Situation of Human Rights in Afghanistan.” Afghanistan Forum, January 1994.

Farr, G. “The New Afghan Middle Class.” In G. Farr and G. Merriam, eds., Afghan Resistance: The Politics of Survival, 127-50. Lahore: Vanguard, 1988.

“The Front of Afghanistan’s Militant Mujahideen.” Watan [underground periodical], 1981.

Garver, N. “What Violence Is.” In R. Wasserstrom, Today’s Moral Problems, 410-23. London: Macmillan, 1975.

Ghani, A. “Afghanistan: Islam and Counterrevolutionary Movements.” In J. Esposito, ed., Islam in Asia: Religion, Politics, and Society, 79-95. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.

Girard, Sylvie. “Afghanistan: The Will, but Not the Means.” Refugees, July 1992, 13.

Hyman, A. “The Afghan Politics of Exile.” Third World Quarterly (London), January 1987, 67-89.

Ivanov, N. “Revelations on the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan.” Afghanistan Forum, no. 3 (1993): 16-20.

Kakar, M. H. “Central Asia: The Opening of A Closed Region.” Writers’ Union of Free Afghanistan, special issue, April-December 1992, 159-71.

——————. “Constitutional History of Afghanistan.” In Encyclopaedia Iranica, 158-62. Costa Mesa, Calif.: Mazda Publishers, 1992.

——————. “The Failed Coup of 6 March.” Afghanistan Mirror 1, no. 4 (March-April 1990): 111-115.

——————. “The Fall of the Afghan Monarchy in 1973.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 9 (1978): 195-214.

——————. “The Policy of Intrigues, Myopia, and Hatred.” Jirga 1, no. 5 (1993): 10-19.

——————. “Time for Choice.” Jirga 1, no. 6 (October 1993): 2-9.

——————. “Trends in Modern Afghan History.” In L. Dupree and A. Albert, eds., Afghanistan in the 1970s, 13-33. New York: Praeger, 1974.

Khan, M. A. “The Emergence of Religious Parties in Afghanistan.” In F. R. Marwat and S. W. A. Sh. Kakakhel, eds., Afghanistan and the Frontier, 1-21. Peshawar: Emjay Books International, 1993.

Kornienko, G. M. “The Afghan Endeavor: Perplexities of the Military Incursion and Withdrawal.” Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies 17, no. 2 (1994): 2-17.

Ludin, A. “Economic Conditions and the Future of Development in Afghanistan’s Economy.” In Cultural Council of Afghanistan Resistance, The Future of Islamic Afghanistan 4:242-64. Islamabad: Cultural Council of Afghanistan Resistance, 1991.

Mackenzie, R. “Brutal Force Batters a Country.” The Insight, 5 December 1988, 8-16.

Magnus, R. “The Constitution of 1964: A Decade of Political Experimentation.” In L. Dupree and A. Linet, eds., Afghanistan in the 1970s, 50-76. New York: Praeger, 1974.

Majid, M. A. “The Impact of Jehad on the Local and National Customs of Afghanistan.” (In Dari.) In Cultural Council of Afghanistan Resistance, The Future of Islamic Afghanistan 1:38-47. Islamabad: Cultural Council of Afghanistan Resistance, 1980.

Majruh, S. B. “Past and Present Education in Afghanistan.” In B. Huldt, The Tragedy of Afghanistan, 75-92. London: Croom Helm, 1988.

Malik, I. H. “Issues in Contemporary South and Central Asian Politics: Islam, Ethnicity, and the State.” Asian Survey 32, no. 10 (1992).

Marwat, F. R. “Waiting for the U.N.” WUFA incidental issue 1 (July-August 1994): 43-49.

Morozov, A. “Between Amin and Karmal.” New Times, no. 38 (1991): 36-39.

——————. “A Night Visit to the Tass Villa.” New Times, no. 39 (1991): 32-33.

——————. “Shots Fired in the House of the Nation.” New Times, no. 41 (1991): 32-35.

Noorzoy, M. S. “The Economic Policies of Afghanistan after World War II.” (In Dari.) In Cultural Council of Afghanistan Resistance, The Future of Islamic Afghanistan 4:377-81. Islamabad: Cultural Council of Afghanistan Resistance, 1991.

Payand, A. “Soviet-Afghan Relations: From Cooperation to Occupation.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 21 (1989): 107-28.

Popal, Z. “How and Why Was Ali Ahmad Khurram Killed?” Writers’ Union of Free Afghanistan Journal (Peshawar), July-December 1989, 32-43.

Poullada, L. B. “The Road to Crisis 1919-1980: American Failures, Afghanistan Errors, and Soviet Successes.” In R. Klass, ed., Afghanistan: The Great Game Revisited, 37-69. New York: Freedom House, 1987.

Rais, R. B. “Afghanistan and Regional Security after the Cold War.” Problems of Communism 41 (May-June 1992): 82-94.

Rashid, A. “The Green Revolutionary.” Afghanistan Forum, July 1993.

Roy, O. “The Origin of the Afghan Communist Party.” Central Asian Review 7, nos. 2-3 (1988): 41-57.

Rubin, B. “Political Elites in Afghanistan: Rentier State Building, Rentier State Wrecking.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 24 (1992): 77-99.

Shah, M. H. “The Soviet Interferences in the Education and Culture of Afghanistan.” Afghanistan Mirror, nos. 21-29 (January 1992-March 1993).

Shahrani, N. “Response to the Saur Revolution in Badakhshan.” In N. Shahrani and R. Canfield, eds., Revolution and Rebellion in Afghanistan, 139-69. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1984.

Shepard, W. E. “Islam as a System in the Latter Writings of Sayed Qutb.” Middle Eastern Studies 25, no. 1 (January 1989): 31-50.

Shroder, J. F., and A. T. Assifi. “Afghan Mineral Resources and Soviet Exploitation.” In R. Klass, ed. Afghanistan: The Great Game Revisited, 97-134. New York: Freedom House, 1987.

Sliwinski, M. “Afghanistan 1978-87: War, Demography, and Society.” Central Asian Survey Incidental Papers, no. 6 (London, 1988).

Wasserstrom, R. “The Laws of War.” In Wasserstrom, ed., Today’s Moral Problems, 482-98. London: Macmillan, 1975.

Wassil, A. “Opinion.” Afghanistan Forum 1 (January 1993): 26-27.

Wolasmal, M. H. “Foreign Interference in the Afghan Problem.” (In Pashto.) Mojahid Wolas (newspaper), November-December 1991, 1.

Yapp, M. E. “Contemporary Islamic Revivalism.” Asian Affairs 11 (June 1980): 178-95.

Yusufzai, R. “Dostum.” Afghanistan Forum, no. 5 (September 1993): 8-68.

Zurmulwal, G. M. “Know the Khalqi and Parchami Factions.” (In Dari.) Aerman-e-Shaheed (New Delhi: Islamic Unity of Afghanistan Mujahideen), no. 69 (Aug.-Sept. 1988): 1-10.