1. For details see Kakar, Government and Society; Kakar, Afghanistan. [BACK]

2. Kakar, “Trends in Modern Afghan History,” 24, 25. [BACK]

3. Gregorian, Modern Afghanistan 352; Farhang, Afghanistan 1:426. [BACK]

4. Gregorian, Modern Afghanistan, 363. [BACK]

5. Ibid., 381. [BACK]

6. Ibid., 380-89. [BACK]

7. Farhang, Afghanistan 1:446-58; Dupree, Afghanistan, 494-98. [BACK]

8. Ghaus, Fall of Afghanistan, 65-79. [BACK]

9. Noorzoy, “Economic Policies,” 378; Ludin, “Economic Conditions.” [BACK]

10. Ghaus, Fall of Afghanistan, 90. [BACK]

11. Poullada, “Road to Crisis,” 43. [BACK]

12. Fayzzad, National Loya Jirgas, 232-96. I am grateful to Habibullah Rafi for giving me this along with a number of other books recently published on Afghanistan. Farhang, Afghanistan 1:485-93. [BACK]

13. For details see Kushkaki, Constitutional Decade; Farhang, Afghanistan; Dupree, Afghanistan; Fletcher, Afghanistan; Kakar, “Fall of the Afghan Monarchy”; Magnus, “Constitution of 1964.” [BACK]

14. Ghaus, Fall of Afghanistan, 147. [BACK]

15. Ibid., 173, 179. [BACK]