1. Robert Kelly, "On the Art of Vision," Film Culture 37 (1965), 14-15. [BACK]

2. Quoted in Stan Brakhage, "Margin Alien," Metaphors on Vision (New York: Film Culture, 1963), n.p. [BACK]

3. Fred Camper, Stan Brakhage: A Retrospective (Los Angeles International Film Exposition, 1976), 3. [BACK]

4. Brakhage, "My Eye," Metaphors on Vision , n.p. [BACK]

5. Brakhage, "The Camera Eye," Metaphors on Vision , n.p. [BACK]

6. Brakhage, "My Eye," Metaphors on Vision , n.p. [BACK]

7. Stan Brakhage, recorded talk at McGill University, November 1970. [BACK]

8. Stan Brakhage, "Stan and Jane Brakhage (and Hollis Frampton) Talking," Brakhage Scrapbook , ed. Robert A. Haller (New Palz, N.Y.: Documentext, 1982), 188. [BACK]

9. Stan Brakhage, "Stan Brakhage Seminar," Dialogue on Film (American Film Institute) 2, no. 2 (1973): 10. [BACK]

10. Brakhage, "Stan and Jane Brakhage," Brakhage Scrapbook , 186. [BACK]

11. Stan Brakhage and Forrest Williams, "On Filming Light," The Structurist 13-14 (1973-74): 95. [BACK]

12. Stan Brakhage, letter to the author, 27 April 1978. [BACK]

13. Fred Camper, " The Art of Vision: A Film by Stan Brakhage," Film Culture 46 (1967): 40. By the time he wrote the notes to Stan Brakhage: A Retrospective (see note 3 above), Camper had come to recognize a closer relationship between Brakhage's and the viewer's ways of seeing. He comments on Brakhage's "concern with and awareness of the viewer's process of watching his films" and on ways Brakhage's films are addressed "to the viewer's experiences and seeing in his daily life" (2-3). In general, Camper's writings on Brakhage are among the most sympathetic to Brakhage's visual concerns; the quoted comments on p. 80 are examples of a widespread attitude toward Brakhage that Camper himself no longer shares. break [BACK]

14. Brakhage, "Before Scenes From Under Childhood," Brakhage Scrapbook , 23. [BACK]

15. Dan Clark, Brakhage (New York: Film-Makers' Cinematheque, Monograph Series No. 2, 1966), 79-80. [BACK]

16. Charles Olson, Additional Prose , ed. George F. Butterick (Bolinas: Four Seasons Foundation, 1974), 17. [BACK]

17. Ibid., 18. [BACK]

18. Brakhage, "Film: Dance," Brakhage Scrapbook , 121. [BACK]

19. Brakhage, letter to Jonas Mekas, September 1965, Brakhage Scrapbook , 32. [BACK]

20. Ibid., letter to Michael McClure, March 1966, 40. [BACK]

21. Brakhage, "A Moving Picture Giving and Taking Book," Brakhage Scrapbook , 74. [BACK]

22. Stan Brakhage, lecture at Hampshire College, Summer 1972, audio tape no. 23, Media Study, Inc., Buffalo, N.Y. [BACK]

23. Stan Brakhage, "The Text of Light," Cantrills Filmnotes 21-22 (1975): 45. [BACK]

24. See, for example, Brakhage's concluding remarks in the interview preceding Metaphors on Vision . [BACK]

25. Stan Brakhage, talk at screening, 31 January 1973; audio tape no. 20, Media Study, Inc., Buffalo, N.Y. [BACK]

26. Ibid. [BACK]

27. Alfred L. Yarbus, Eye Movements and Vision , trans. Basil Haigh (New York: Plenum, 1967), 125. Other sources on eye movement include Gregory, Eye and Brain: The Psychology of Seeing , 2d ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, World University Library, 1973), 42-44; Roy M. Pritchard, "Stabilized Images on the Retina," Scientific American Offprints 466 (1961); and E. Llewellen Thomas, "Movements of the Eye," Scientific American Offprints 516 (1968). [BACK]

28. Yarbus, Eye Movements and Vision , 125. [BACK]

29. Brakhage, "Stan Brakhage Seminar," 10. [BACK]

30. Rudolf Arnheim, "Dynamics and Invariants," in Perceiving Artworks , ed. J. Fisher (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1980), 168. [BACK]

31. Arnold Gesell, Vision: Its Development in Infant and Child (Darien, Conn.: Hafner, 1974), 176. [BACK]

32. Ibid., 38. [BACK]

33. Ibid., 44. [BACK]

34. Stan Brakhage, letter to James Tenney, 10 June 1963, Film Culture 29 (1963): 89. [BACK]

35. Brakhage, "Camera Eye," Metaphors on Vision , n.p. [BACK]

36. Quoted in Annette Michelson, "Film and the Radical Aspiration," in The New American Cinema , ed. G. Battcock (New York: Dutton, 1967), 97. [BACK]

37. Gesell, Vision , 44. [BACK]

38. Brakhage and Williams, "Filming Light," 94. [BACK]

39. Ken Kelman, "Perspective Reperceived," in Essential Cinema , ed. P. Adams Sitney (New York: Anthology Film Archives and New York University Press, 1975), 237. [BACK]

40. P. Adams Sitney, Visionary Film: The American Avant-Garde, 1943-1978 , 2d ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1979), 146. break [BACK]

41. Michael McClure, "Dog Star Man," Film Culture 29 (1963): 13. [BACK]

42. Brakhage and Williams, "Filming Light," 94. [BACK]

43. Brakhage, interview by P. Adams Sitney, Metaphors on Vision , n.p. [BACK]

44. Parker Tyler, Underground Film: A Critical History (New York: Grove, 1969), 28. [BACK]

45. Michelson, "Film and the Radical Aspiration," 99. A shortened and revised version of this essay included in New Forms in Film , ed. Annette Michelson (Montreux Exhibition Catalogue, 1974) leaves out the critique of Brakhage's hand-held camera movements. Michelson has publicly qualified her stand (at the Society for Cinema Studies conference at New York University in 1985) by saying that she had "only a slim acquaintance with Brakhage's work" at the time she gave her "Radical Aspiration" talk. [BACK]

46. Brakhage, letter to Robert Kelly, October 1967, Brakhage Scrapbook , 134. [BACK]

47. Brakhage, interview by P. Adams Sitney, Metaphors on Vision , n.p. [BACK]

48. Brakhage, "In Defense of Amateur," Brakhage Scrapbook , 166-67. [BACK]

49. Brakhage, "My Eye," Metaphors on Vision , n.p. [BACK]

50. Brakhage, lecture at Hampshire College (see note 22). [BACK]

51. Brakhage, "Film and Music," Brakhage Scrapbook , 51. [BACK]

53. Brakhage, "My Eye," Metaphors on Vision , n.p. [BACK]

54. Brakhage, letter to Robert Kelly, October 1967, Brakhage Scrapbook , 134. [BACK]

55. Brakhage, letter to the Avon Foundation, 18 March 1965, Brakhage Scrapbook , 24. [BACK]

56. Stan Brakhage, unpublished transcript of a talk at the San Francisco Art Institute (12 February 1970), from galley proofs, Take One (July 1970). [BACK]

57. Ibid. [BACK]

58. Brakhage, "Stan Brakhage Seminar," 10. [BACK]

59. Brakhage, interview by P. Adams Sitney, Metaphors on Vision , n.p. [BACK]

60. Brakhage, letter to Bruce Baillie, 15 January 1969, Brakhage Scrapbook , 152. [BACK]

61. Brakhage, "My Eye," Metaphors on Vision , n.p. [BACK]

62. Brakhage, "Hypnagogically Seeing America," Brakhage Scrapbook , 104. [BACK]

63. Ibid., 105. [BACK]

64. Sitney, Visionary Film , 216, 450-51 n. [BACK]

65. Brakhage, recorded talk at McGill University, November 1970. [BACK]

66. Brakhage, "Stan and Jane Brakhage," Brakhage Scrapbook , 184. [BACK]

67. Brakhage, "The Text of Light," 46. [BACK]

68. At screenings of the film, Brakhage usually referred to both statements, and he included them in his description of the film in the Canyon Cinema Catalogue No. 5 (1982): 35. [BACK]

69. Brakhage, "The Seen," Brakhage Scrapbook , 208. [BACK]

70. Brakhage, Canyon Cinema Catalogue , 38. [BACK]

71. Quoted in Phoebe Cohen, "Brakhage's I, II, and III," Millennium Film Journal 7-8-9 (1980-81): 234-35. [BACK]

72. Cohen, "Brakhage's I, II, and III," 235. [BACK]

73. Brakhage, Canyon Cinema Catalogue , 40. break [BACK]