B

Bailey, H W, 61 n15

Bakker, Hans, 219 , 228

Balakanda , 8 , 72 , 82

Balarama, 136 n14

Bali, 24 , 158

Balvinodini233 n21

Bas-reliefs, 24 , 37

Bengal, 33 , 139 ;

Durga Puja festival in, 143 , 147 -48;

Laksmi festival in, 84 ;

Marxism in, 152 ;

poetry in, 140 -42, 150 -51, 154 n24.

Vaisnava movement in, 144 , 219

Bengali language, 24 , 136 n13, 137

Benimadhavdas, 237

Bentley's Miscellany (periodical), 139

Bethune, J E D, 140 -41,153 n12

Bhagavad Gita , 184 , 202

BhagavataPurana , 107 , 143 , 230

Bhagavati, 170

Bhajans (devotional songs), 237 , 239 ;

conversational, 244 -45;

competitive (takkar ), 244 , 245 -50, 254 n29;

modification of, 240 -42

Bhakti : in Adhyatma Ramayana , 76 ;

and integration of body and uyir (life-force), 97 -98;

and Kali Yug, 253 n8;

in Kampan's Iramavataram , 9 , 14 , 31 -32, 72 , 90 , 97 -98, 102 , 107 , 110 ;

and Krsna, 220 , 228 ;

and love poetry, 102 ;

nirgun , 241 , 254 nn21-22;

and Ramnami sect, 240 , 241 , 242 , 243 , 250 ;

in Srivaisnavism, 203 ;

subverted in folk tradition, 164 , 166 ;

and tale of Surpanakha's mutilation, 68 , 83 ;

in Tamil culture, 32 , 43 , 90 , 97 -98, 102 ;

and tantrism, 230 ;

in Tulsidas's Ramcaritmanas , 76 , 230 , 240 ;

in Valmiki's Ramayana , 72 , 186 ;

and Victorian commentators, 217

Bharata: in E. V. Ramasami's exegesis, 182 , 183 , 184 ;

and Ramnami sect, 242 ;

in Tenkalai Srivaisnavism, 207 -8, 212 , 213 ;

in Valmiki's Ramayana , 6 , 122 ;

in women's songs, 125 , 132

Bhatta, Narayana, 228

Bhavabhuti, 111 n3

BhusundiRamayana , 228

Bijak , 241

Bisi, Pramathanath, 150

Blackburn, Stuart, 12 , 14

Body: integrated with uyir (life-force), 97 -99;

in rasik tradition, 221 , 222 -23

Bose, Raj Narain, 137 , 149

Brahma: in Kampan's Iramavataram , 104 , 106 -8, 110 ;

in Kerala tradition, 170 ;

in Valmiki's Ramayana , 93 -94;

in women's songs, 123 , 126

BrahmanandBhakta , 241

Brahmanas, 235

Brahmavaivarta Purana , 88 n48

Brahmins, 33 , 74 ;

and brahmanization of texts, 237 ;

and British colonialism, 179 ,

Buddhist critique of, 189 ;

domestic sphere of, 128 ;

E. V. Ramasami's critique of, 12 , 175 , 177 -78, 179 , 181 -85 passim, 188 , 189 -91;

and family relations, 121 , 122 ;

and Kerala shadow puppet play, 158 -59, 166 -67, 170 ;

and marriage, 116 , 120 , 121 ;

Ramnami critique of, 16 , 240 , 241 -42, 244 ;

in Tamil culture, 175 , 177 , 179 , 189 ;

and vegetarianism, 115 ;

and women, 14 , 15 , 114 -17, 119 -20, 122 , 128 , 133

Braj, 228

Brockington, J. L., 237

Bryant, Kenneth, 222

Buddha. See Gotama (the Buddha)

Buddhism. classical tradition in, 51 , 52 , 55 ,

cosmogony of, 53 -54, 56 ;

critique of Hinduism in, 9 , 189 ;

and cultic practice, 57 -59, 63 n31;

Dasaratha Jataka in, 17 n11, 52 -53, 54 -55, 59 , 63 n24;

iconic representation in, 57 -59;

Indra in, 54 , 56 , 58 , 62 n17,

Laksmana in, 61 n15;

LankavataraSutra in, 190 ;

in Laos, 53 -54, 58 , 61 n13;

Manimekalai in, 189 ;

Phra Lak/Phra Lam in, 53 -55, 59 , 62 nn15-17, 63 n24;

Rama in, 54 -55, 59 , 61 n15, 62 n17, 63 n24;

Ramakien in, 10 , 51 , 55 -59;

Ravana in, 54 , 62 nn16-17, 190 ;

ritual in, 58 -59;

Siva in, 56 , 61 n13;

in Tamil culture, 200 n34;

in Thai culture, 37 , 51 , 55 -59;

Theravada tradition in, 51 , 52 , 53 -54, 58 , 60 n7;

Visnu in, 56

Bulcke, Camille, 24

Bunyan, John, 211

Burma, 33 , 37

Byron, George Gordon, 139 , 141

Bysack, Gour Dass, 139 , 140 -41