1. Belenguer Cebrià, València ; and Franciso Sevillano Colom, "Las empresas nacionales de los Reyes Católicos y la aportación económica de la ciudad de Valencia," Hispania 57 (1954): 511-623. [BACK]

2. On Mudejar demography, see chap. 1 n. 7; also Peregrin-Luis Llorens, "Los sarracenos de la Sierra de Eslida y Vall d'Uxó a fines del siglo XV," Boletín de la Sociedad Castellonense de Cultura 43 (1967): 56-60. [BACK]

3. Belenguer Cebrià, València , pp. 43-46; Hillgarth, Spanish Kingdoms , II; 379-381, 503-505, 513-515. For an important revision of the previously high estimates of the population of the capital, see Augustín Rubio Vela, "Sobre la población de Valencia en el cuatrocientos (Nota demográfica)," Boletín de la Sociedad Castellonense de Cultura 56 (1980): 158-170. [BACK]

4. Boswell, Royal Treasure , chap. V, passim. [BACK]

5. Claude Cahen, "Djizya," Encyclopaedia of Islam (second edition), II: 559-562; and Robert 1. Burns, Medieval Colonialism: Postcrusade Exploitation of Islamic Valencia (Princeton, 1975), pp. 79-85. Winfried Küchler, "Besteuerung der Juden und Mauren in den Ländern der Krone Aragons während des 15. Jahrhunderts," Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Kulturgeschichte Spaniens 24 (1968): 228, 231, erroneously asserts that neither Muslims nor Jews paid a special tax, a surprising conclusion since much of his study is based on documentation from the Archivo del Reino de Valencia. Boswell, Royal Treasure , p. 197, incorrectly defines the besant as a "small property tax," although it is unclear to which part of the Crown of Aragon the author is referring. Macho y Ortega, ''Mudéjares aragoneses," p. 181, notes that the besant was collected in Aragon only very rarely. [BACK]

6. Data on the besants and other taxes collected from royal aljamas are found in ARV: MR registers 942 to 962 for Alcira; 2469-2491 for Castellón de la Plana; 3052 to 3062 for Játiva and Castellón de Játiva; 4016 to 4034 for Murviedro; and 4567 to 4573 for Monforte. ARV: MR 4031: 6r (1499)—the besant is collected from Çat Susen b. Amet Susen even though he is still living in his father's house, because Çat is married and it is thought that he should have his own house. The aljama of Castellón de la Plana was not founded until the early fifteenth century; see Arcadio García Sanz, "Mudéjares y moriscos en Castellón," Boletín de la Sociedad Castellonense de Cultura 28 (1952): 103-110. [BACK]

7. On Valencia, see ARV: B 1158: 534r-v (6 February 1488) and on Játiva, ACA: C 3568: 3v-4v (2 July 1490), and see chap. 1. [BACK]

8. López Elum, "Morería de Játiva," pp. 161-162, shows that only 341 out of 382 households paid the besant in 1493. ARV: MR 3053: 6r-7r—in 1490 of the 356 Muslim households in Játiva 15 did not pay the besant ; and MR 3055: 6r—in 1495, 36 out of 353 households did not pay. Data for Alcira shows that, for instance, in 1497 (ARV: MR 954: 12r) 17 out of 103 households did not pay the besant , while in 1498, 19 out of 110 households did not pay (MR 955: 12r). [BACK]

9. For example, ARV: MR 945: 4r (1489)—Abdalla Albarder of Alcira pays 10s for the besant of 1489 and the besants outstanding from the previous two years. MR 953: 12r (1496)—Mahomat Xafra pays 6s 8d for outstanding besants after he "se desavassallas del Senyor Rey." [BACK]

10. ARV: MR 945: 17v-18r (1489)—Çahat Valenti and Abdolazis Arnoni of Alberique, Ali Haquim, Fuçey Moçarrif, Azmet Almigi, Yuçef Tagari, and Azmet Jayar of Alcocer, and Çahat Manahen of Catadau all pay the besant . MR 948: 11r (1491)—Azmet Zichnell of Valldigna pays. MR 4030: 6r (1498)—Fat Acavejo, Soberch, and Mahomat and Abraym Calet of Algimia pay besants to the bailiff of Murviedro. [BACK]

11. Küchler, "Besteuerung," pp. 246-248; and Boswell, Royal Treasure , pp. 269-271, discusses the security threat thought to have been posed by Muslim mendicants in the fourteenth century. For the proceeds from the licenses for alms-begging and prostitution collected by the bailiff general, see table 14 (this chapter). The bailiff of Onda also collected fees from Mudejars for licenses to bear arms, beg, and practice prostitution; see ARV: MR registers 4273-4284, and table 13 (this chapter). [BACK]

12. ARV: B 1161: 689r-v (22 October 1499), B 1162: 409v-410r (11 February 1503), and B 1162: 578r (18 July 1504) all concern the problem of Muslims practicing prostitution, begging, and traveling to North Africa without licenses. [BACK]

13. Burns, Colonialism , p. 43. For the shared Muslim-Jewish carnicería of Castellón, see ARV: MR registers 2469-2491. Of course, after the expulsion of the Jews in 1492 the Muslims had the carnicería to themselves. [BACK]

14. For the lessees of the Muslim carnicería of Alcira, see ARV: MR: 942-962, and table 5 (this chapter); and for those of the Muslim carnicería of Játiva, see ARV: MR 3052-3062 and table 11 (this chapter). [BACK]

15. ARV: C 306: 77v-79v (26 March 1484). [BACK]

16. ARV: B 1161: 273r-v (13 May 1496). [BACK]

17. ARV: C 305: 39v-40r (7 December 1481); C 306: 77v-79v (26 March

1484); C 134: 128r-129r (24 March 1488) deal with the Muslim carnicería of Castellón de Játiva and its provisioning with livestock; and ACA: C 3644: 82r-83r (21 February 1488) treats the Muslim carnicería of Daroca and the right of its livestock to graze in surrounding pastures. [BACK]

18. ARV: C 307: 87r-v (8 November 1486). ACA: C 3667: 265v (25 February 1492)—after prohibiting the Muslim butcher shop of Alcira from selling meat to Christians, Fernando decides that its lessee does not need to supply it with as many sheep as before. [BACK]

19. ARV: C 306: 126v-128v (22 December 1484). [BACK]

20. ARV: C 306: 126v-128v—"Item es concordat que lo dit Joan Sancho arrendador puxa tallar e talle en les dites taules de la dita carniceria durant lo temps del dit arrendament carns de molts, cabra, cabro, ovella, bon vedell, cabrits, e qualsevulla altra carn ... als fors e preus acostumats." In contrast, see Boswell, Royal Treasure , p. 96. [BACK]

21. ARV: C 148: 108r-v (28 November 1492). [BACK]

22. ARV: B 1157: 426r-v (6 May 1483). [BACK]

23. ACA: C 3665: 19v (November 1486). [BACK]

24. For Gandía, ARV: C 148: 108r-v; and for Murviedro, ARV: B 1157: 426r-v. ARV: C 306: 159r-v (219 March 1485)—two "administratores" are appointed in Murviedro to hear cases arising over the question of sises and other taxes involving Christian, Muslim, and Jew. [BACK]

25. ARV: B 1157: 266r-267v (28 June 1482). [BACK]

26. Burns, Colonialism , p. 48. ARV: C 141: 122v-123r (31 January 1500)—the aljama of Valencia leases its carnicería to a Christian butcher; see ARV: C 305: 71r-72r (15 December 1481), for the aljama's plea. [BACK]

27. ACA: C 3632: 160r-161r (27 July 1479); and ACA: C 3644: 82r-83r. [BACK]

28. ARV: C 306: 126v-128v; and ARV: MR 3052-3062. [BACK]

29. For Alcira, ARV: B 1157: 42r-v (18 May 1481); and for Daroca ACA: C 3644: 82r-83r. [BACK]

30. ACA: 3636: 201v-203v (5 April 1481). [BACK]

31. Burns, Colonialism , p. 64. [BACK]

32. ARV: MR 89-110; and ARV: B 122-123 ( Arrendamientos ). ACA: C 3568: 51v-52r (23 May 1493) discusses the effect of the plague of 1490 on the rent of the fonduk. [BACK]

33. ARV: B 123 contains repeated prohibitions against Muslims lodging in inns other than the royal fonduk; see chap. 1 nn. 164-170. ARV: C 596: 76v-77r (16 October 1490) is the complaint of the lessee of the fonduk. [BACK]

34. ARV: B 123: 108r-109v (1492). [BACK]

35. ARV: MR 89-110 and B 122-123 list the rents received from the basto ; and ARV: B 123: 30r-v (1488) lists the duties of the basto in the morería . B 123: 132r-v (21 May 1493)—the comissari of the bailiff general and the lessee of the basto go to the bordello of the morería and inform the prostitutes of the new lease; the prostitutes promise to pay the accustomed drets to the basto . [BACK]

36. ACA: C 3654: 89v-90v (10 September 1497). [BACK]

37. On prohibitions against gambling, see chap. 1 nn. 161-163. See ACA: C 3654: 89v-90v for Zaragoza, ACA: C 3636: 201v-203v for Castellón de Játiva,

and ARV: C 306: 160r-161v (29 July 1484) for Játiva—all note that prostitution will bring significant revenue to the royal fonduks. On licenses to prostitutes, see n. 11 (above) and table 14. [BACK]

38. ARV: B 1156: 595v-596r (18 September 1479); ARV: MR 951: 19v (1494)—Ali Vermell is paid 50s for the use of his house as the royal fonduk. [BACK]

39. ARV: MR 3056: 16v (1496)—payment of Muslim carpenters for work done on the royal fonduk and its "cambres per star les çabies"; MR 3054: 5v (1494)—Maffomat Cathala, saddler, rents the "palau e cambra del alfondech ... per tenir albardes y alla e altres coses necessaries de llur offici"; MR 3060: 6v (1500)—"com lo dit alfondech no sia stat arrendat en lo present any ... per no esser hi trobat arrendador per causa com no's comporta tenir joch"; and MR 3055: 5v (1495) contains the aljama's complaint about the Christian youths and the Christian temptress. [BACK]

40. Burns, Colonialism , pp. 57-63; see table 8 (this chapter) for the rents received from the Mudejar baths of Játiva. Maestre Racional registers for Valencia and Alcira sometimes include the Mudejar baths in the lists of Crown rents, but without any entries for rents received; this suggests that the Crown had leased these baths in the recent past. [BACK]

41. ARV: C 135: 36v-37v (27 March 1488); and ACA: C 3568: 4v (25 June 1490). [BACK]

42. See table 8. [BACK]

43. For the Muslim oven of Mislata, see ARV: C 127: 98r-v (6 April 1490), and chap. 1 n.26; and ARV: MR 4028: 1r-v (1496)—Hamet Perromalo rents the "forn de la porta nova" for 115s, and Ali Ubequer of Gilet rents the "forns del Raquo" for 320s. [BACK]

44. For Tortosa, see ACA: C 3521: 81r-v (12 December 1479); C 3522: 46r-v; and C 3561: 37v-38r; and for Lérida, ACA: C 3615: 83v-84v (9 April 1482). [BACK]

45. Some examples are ARV: MR 2478: 6v (1490)—Ali Alborroc of Burriol rents the mill "del Romeral" for 14s from the bailiff of Castellón de la Plana; MR 3053: 5r-v (1490)—the Muslim Borgunyo rents a mill near Játiva for 2s, and 10r-Ali Jaffer of Játiva sells a "moli fariner" leased from the Crown to a Muslim of Alfarrazi. [BACK]

46. For the rents received from the almacera and the marcham de paper , see tables 8 and 10. [BACK]

47. For the rents received from the Mudejar obradors dels albardaners of Alcira, see table 3; for the rents received from the Mudejar tintorería of Murviedro, see table 7; and for the rents received from the Mudejar obradors dels albardaners, tintorería, çaboneria , and adobería , of Játiva, see tables 9 and 10. [BACK]

48. For the rents received from the pes e açoch of the morería of Játiva, see table 9. Furs e ordinations Palmart, ed.: King Jaime II, Capitulo X, 137v: "Que los jueus e los moros no tinguen mustaçaff propri." ARV: C 128: 169v-170v (21 February 1481). [BACK]

49. ARV: MR 3052-3062; for example, MR 3055: 14v (1495)—Yuçeff Redona is paid 7s 7d for raising the rent of the forn maior from 600s to 740s, Cuayat Amit is paid 21s for raising the rent of the forn menor from 600s to 820s, and

Mahomat Tagari is paid 21s for raising the rent of the pes e açoch from 1500s to 1635s. [BACK]

50. ARV: MR 943: 26v ^b (1482)—46s are paid to Çahat Trilli and other Muslims renting the obradors dels albardaners "per raho de les obres per aquells fetes." [BACK]

51. Some examples are ARV: PAR 3053: 17v (1490)—Ali Pego, carpenter of Játiva, is paid 96s 6d for his labors on the Mudejar bath; MR 3055: 15v-16r (1495)—Muslim carpenters and masons of Játiva are paid various sums for their labors on the bath, fonduk, and stall of the pes reyal ; MR 4023 (Murviedro): "Llibre de la obra dels forns del Raquo, porta nova e de la Plaçeta de la vila de Murvedre feta en lo any MCCCCLXXXX" (folios unnumbered)—various Muslims are paid for their labors, especially in transporting materials to the workplace; and MR 4029: 11r (1497)—Ali Redondo is paid 10s for work done on royal mills. [BACK]

52. Some examples are ARV: MR 946: 10r-v (1490)—Çahat Gomeri paid a rent of 3s 6d for houses, Açen b. Abdalla Grini 3s 6d for houses, Ayet Rocahiz 5s for houses and 12s for vacant land, Mahomat Bonzarqua 6s for vacant land, Çahat Trilli 3s for houses, the heirs of Mahomat Boamir 7s for houses, Hamet Mosqueret 6s for two houses, Ayet el Castellano 12s for houses, Mahomat Bugui 2s for a "corral," Çilim and Çahat Cheo 12s for land, Azmet Yaye 7s for land, Mahomat Paziar 12s 6d for houses, and Ali, Yaye, and Çahat Grini 13s for land; and MR 2479: 4r (1491)—Saat Bocayo pays 2s to the bailiff of Castellón de la Plana for the rent of two fanecates of land, and 4s for another four fanecates that used to be a vineyard. [BACK]

53. Some examples are ARV: MR 2478: 16r (1490)—6s are received from Mahomat Tagari for the lluisme on land he sold to Pere Macanet for 60s; MR 2483: 7r (1495)—10s are received from Azmet Bocayo for the lluisme on land he sold to Abdulazis Mascor for 100s; MR 3060: 15r (1500)—428s are received from Azmet and Ali Arbuix of Bellus for the lluisme on a mill sold to Bernat Matheu of Beniganim for 4,280s (the mill was being rented from the Crown). [BACK]

54. Küchler, "Besteuerung," p. 242; Burns, Colonialism , pp. 173-176; and Piles Ros, Apuntes , p. 27. For Játiva, ARV: MR 3052-3062, and for Alcira, MR 942-960. [BACK]

55. ACA: C 3599: 10v-11r (25 September 1479); ACA: C 3634: 10r-11r (20 September 1479); and ACA: C 35,47: 121r-v (14 March 1481). [BACK]

56. Macho y Ortega, "Mudéjares aragoneses," p. 184; and ACA: MR 2356 for the cena rates of Aragonese and Catalan aljamas. [BACK]

57. Piles Ros, Apuntes , p. 35; and ARV: C 139: 249r-v (30 March 1497). [BACK]

58. For Onda, ARV: C 307: 14v (9 April 1485); and for Castellón de Játiva, ARV: C 304: 88v-90r (19 July 1480). Piles Ros, Bayle general , p. 88, notes that not all towns paid the cena "sino algunas determinadas que figuran en las cuentas de la Baylia." [BACK]

59. For Valencia, see Küchler, "Besteuerung," p. 242; for the attempts of the jurates of Alcira to collect the peyta from the aljama, see chap. 1 nn. 115-116; and, in contrast, ARV: C 148: 97r-v (17 September 1492) implies that the Muslims of Játiva paid the peytes and sises with the Christians of the city. [BACK]

60. Macho y Ortega, "Mudéjares aragoneses," pp. 181-182; for Tortosa, ACA: C 3570: 153r (20 February 1493); for Borja, ACA: C 3562: 66v (20 February 1481), and C 3564: 150v-151v (15 October 1498); and for Daroca, ACA: C 3632: 158v-159v (3 August 1479). [BACK]

61. Earl J. Hamilton, Money, Prices, and Wages in Valencia, Aragon, and Navarre, 1351-1500 (Cambridge, Mass., 1936), pp. 9, 84; Burns, Colonialism , pp. 150-153; Boswell, Royal Treasure , pp. 196, 199-200; Macho y Ortega, "Mudéjares aragoneses," pp. 186, 203; and ARV: MR 10877-10880 contain the data on the collection of the morabatí . The aljama of Murviedro had a unique arrangement; each of its households paid an annual morabatí of 3s 4d that was collected along with the besant . It would seem that here the term morabatí had lost its original meaning. [BACK]

62. Piles, "Moros de realengo," pp. 271-272, concludes that the king took a part of every Mudejar inheritance. ARV: MR 4273: 23r (1484)—"Rebudes dels moros e mores qui moren sens hereus del qual ne ve part al S. Rey"; and MR 4274: 3r (1492)—the inheritance of Mahomat Hubaydal. [BACK]

63. ARV: B 1159: 248r (1 October 1489). [BACK]

64. ARV: MR 3052-3062. Nevertheless, in one case—MR 3061: 9v (1501)—the bailiff collected 100s from the inheritance left by a Muslim woman of the morería . Many of the MR registers of the royal towns contain records of the sums exacted by the local bailiffs from Mudejar inheritances. [BACK]

65. Boswell, Royal Treasure , pp. 278-280, discusses the controversy surrounding the question of the inheritances of Mudejars dying intestate and without heirs. ARV: MR 4273: 43r (1491)—the royal qadi * gives the wife of the deceased, Açen b. Mahomat Alfaqui, her bridewealth ( accidach , from the Arabic s adaq * ), and does the same for the mother of the deceased siblings Çilim and Nuza Patri; and MR 959: 4r (1502)—the royal qadi * helps to effect a compromise between Fotaya Alazarch, the husband of the deceased, and Açot Axer, her brother. [BACK]

66. ARV: B 1156: 856v (14 September 1480). [BACK]

67. ARV: B 1157: 106r (4 September 1481). [BACK]

68. ARV: MR 89: 225r (1478). [BACK]

69. Aureum opus , (Pedro IV) 103v-104r; and Boswell, Royal Treasure , pp. 283-284. [BACK]

70. ARV: MR 107: 63r (1497). [BACK]

71. ARV: MR 107: 63v (1497). [BACK]

72. ARV: B 1157: 161v (9 January 1482). [BACK]

73. ARV: MR 2478: 8r (1490); and MR 2489: 7v (1501). [BACK]

74. Given the population of Játiva's aljama, each Muslim family would have had to contribute less than 2s per year to meet the 400s inheritance tax. Since the heirs to an estate might pay as little as 50s to the Crown or as much as 480s—ARV: MR 951: 5r (1494), division of the inheritance of Fumeyt Mosqueret of Alcira—the amount of inheritance tax paid by each Muslim family of Játiva was negligible, even over the long term. [BACK]

75. ARV: C 148: 97r (17 September 1492). Burns, Colonialism , pp. 86-88; and Piles Ros, Apuntes , p. 26. [BACK]

76. ARV: B 1161: 386r (30 March 1497); and B 1161: 662r (4 September

1499)—the peatger of the Foya de Buñol complains that two Muslims are avoiding payment of the peatge with "fraus e decepcions"; the accused are to appear before the bailiff general to explain their conduct. [BACK]

77. ARV: C 148: 97r-v (17 September 1492)—the lords of Genovés, Señiera, and Alboy object when Játiva's peatger confiscates from their Muslim vassals securities ( penyores ) for the payment of the peatge in addition to the one annual payment. [BACK]

78. ARV: B 1157: 30v (11 April 1481)—the peatger of Játiva collects the peatge from Muslim vassals of Chella, allegedly "franchs" from payment; and B 1157: 341v (22 November 1482)—a similar case involving the jurados of Albarracfn and Muslim vassals of the lord of Olocau. [BACK]

79. ARV: C 624: 168v-173v (1477-1516). In contrast, see chap. 1 n. 84. [BACK]

80. Burns, Colonialism , pp. 85-96; and Piles Ros, Apuntes , pp. 26-27. The aljama of Játiva might have rented its own pasture from the Crown, listed in the MR registers as the debea ( = devea = defessa ). ARV: B 1158: 19r (19 April 1485)—the appointment of Amet Samaris. [BACK]

81. For litigations with the Muslims of Antella, see ARV: B 1156: 391v (5 March 1479) and B 1156: 838r-839r (4 August 1480); and for those with Muslims of the Vall de Serra, see ARV: B 1158: 475r (7 September 1487). ARV: B 1157: 412r-v (17 April 1481)—an order of the bailiff general that Muslims in the area of Játiva must use salt from the royal gabelle on pain of captivity. [BACK]

82. ARV: B 1162: 409v-410r (11 February 1503). [BACK]

83. ARV: B 1157: 126r-128r (10 October 1495)—Muslims of Játiva are described as "factors de la sal per lo gabellot"; B 1161: 127r-128r (22 September 1495). [BACK]

84. Burns, Colonialism , pp. 190-198; Piles Ros, Apuntes , p. 25. Examples of Muslim lessees of the terçes de delme in Alcira are ARV: MR 945: 16r (1489)—Çahat Paziar rents "lo terç de delme appellat de Alquerrencia e orta dels cent" for 2880s and the "terç de delme appellat de Sent Bernat" for 1820s; and MR 954: 2v-3r, 4r (1497)—Muslim lessees of the terçes de delme "de carnatge," "de la ortalica," and ''de Guadaçuar." ARV: B 1156: 806r-807r (7 July 1480)—Muslims of Alcocer holding lands in the huerta of Castellón de Játiva try to avoid paying the terç de delme on the wheat harvested on those lands. [BACK]

85. ARV: C 308: 7v-11v (14 April 1488). [BACK]

86. ARV: C 139: 65v-66v (30 April 1495). [BACK]

87. Burns, Colonialism , pp. 190-198; Boswell, Royal Treasure , pp. 200-202. [BACK]

88. Macho y Ortega, "Mudéjares aragoneses," pp. 284-285, document no. 67. [BACK]

89. ACA: C 3571: 225v (14 September 1496). [BACK]

90. ACA: C 3646: 227v-228r (27 September 1489). ACA: C 3669: 186v-187v (16 March 1500)—a series of letters from the king to the bishop and chapter of Tarazona, and to the royal vice-chancellor and fiscal advocate. [BACK]

91. ACA: C 3607: 189r-v (30 July 1495). [BACK]

92. Küchler, "Besteuerung," pp. 230-235, 241-242, concludes that it was in its extraordinary taxes that the Crown discriminated most markedly between Christians and religious minorities, to the great disadvantage of the latter. [BACK]

93. José Angel Sesma Muñoz, La Diputación del Reino de Aragón en la época

de Fernando II (Zaragoza, 1977), pp. 319-322, 142-143; idem, "Instituciones parlamentarias del Reino de Aragón en el trànsito de la Edad Moderna," in Aragón en la Edad Media (Zaragoza, 1981), IV: 226-234; and Fernando Solano Costa, "Estudios sobre la historia de Aragón durante la Edad Moderna," Cuadernos de Historia: Anexos de la revista "Hispania" 1 (1967): 154-158. [BACK]

94. ARV: MR 94: 197r-202v lists the maridatges received in 1478 for the marriage of Doña Elionor, the illegitimate daughter of Juan II, to the Count of Lirin. ARV: MR 9052: 110r-113r, 124v-126r, 137v-138r, and 143r-v are documents concerning the maridatge for Fernando's daughters. [BACK]

95. ARV: C 318: 38v-39v (29 July 1502). ACA: MR 2571, 2576-2578, show that in Catalonia smaller aljamas, such as Vinebre and Miravet, paid 8s per household, while Tortosa's larger aljama paid 17s per household. [BACK]

96. ARV: C 302: 148r-v (11 October 1479). [BACK]

97. ARV: B 1157: 200v-201r (4 March 1482) concerns the aljama of Paterna; and ACA: C 3615: 74v (28 December 1482). [BACK]

98. ACA: C 3613: 126v-127r (7 February 1485). [BACK]

99. ARV: B 1161: 434v-435r (21 July 1497). [BACK]

100. ACA: C 3615: 62v-63r (18 May 1481). [BACK]

101. ACA: C 3608: 171v-172r (20 February 1484). [BACK]

102. ACA: C 3655: 55r-v (12 March 1501). [BACK]

103. For Zaragoza, see ACA: C 3616: 228v (4 January 1495); and for Borja, ACA: C 3666: 104r (13 September 1495). [BACK]

104. For Aragon, see ACA: C 3608: 171v-172r; and for Valencia, ACA: C 3613: 126v-127r. [BACK]

105. ACA: C 3665: 141v (2 September 1489)—Muslim brothers of Huesca complain that the amin * and adelantados are forcing them to pay more taxes than they ought; ACA: C 3633: 82r (9 January 1492)—Muslims of Albarracín, father and son, are granted franquesa from payment of the peyta . Boswell, Royal Treasure , pp. 210-217, discusses the efforts of individual Muslims to escape paying taxes and the problem of the exemption in aljama finances. [BACK]

106. ACA: C 3608: 171v-172r and C 3613: 126v-127r. [BACK]

107. Boswell, Royal Treasure , p. 225-242. [BACK]

108. Belenguer Cebrià, València . [BACK]

109. ARV: C 318: 38v-39v (29 July 1502). [BACK]

110. ARV: B 1161: 83v (4 June 1495); B 1161: 434v-435r; and for the deferred peyta payments of the aljama of Alcira, ARV: MR 954: 4v (1497); MR 955: 4v (1498)—200s is received for the years 1497 and 1498; MR 960: 3v (1503)—the peyta is deferred "per dollar algunt conport al dita aljama," and MR 962: 9r (1504)—200s is received for the years 1503 and 1504. [BACK]

111. ARV: B 1156: 343v-344r (2 January 1479); B 1158: 534r-v (6 February 1488); and MR 92: 19r (1481), and MR 94: 24r (1493)-500s tax deferred "per la pobresa que's en aquella." [BACK]

112. ARV: C 305: 71r-72r (15 December 1481). [BACK]

113. See table 15. [BACK]

114. Macho y Ortega, "Mudéjares aragoneses," pp. 168-169; ACA: C 3605: 83v (22 October 1480); ACA: C 3562: 60r-61r (9 December 1480)—license to

the aljama of Borja to sell a censal of 15,000s; and ACA: C 3562: 66v (20 February 1481). [BACK]

115. ACA: C 3663: 178v (4 April 1486); ACA: C 3607: 279v (8 November 1496), and ACA: C 3612: 81r-v (24 February 1498). [BACK]

116. ACA: C 3570: 153r (20 February 1493). [BACK]

117. ACA: C 3632: 158v-159v (3 August 1479). [BACK]

118. For Huesca, see ACA: C 3576: 46v (21 April 1497); for Zaragoza, ACA: C 3616: 228v; and for Borja, ACA: C 3666: 104r. [BACK]

119. ACA: C 3644: 147r-v (19 February 1484). [BACK]

121. ACA: C 3650: 51r-v (18 May 1492). [BACK]

122. ACA: C 3632: 166v-167v (18 August 1479)—the aljama of Albarracín is licensed to sell alone a censal of 4,000s or along with the Jewish aljama a censal of 8,000s; and for Zaragoza, ACA: C 3567: 151r (8 February 1496)—the Castilian version of the license, and C 3567: 152v-153r (6 February 1496)—the Latin version. [BACK]

123. ACA: C 3562: 60r-61r—the 15,000s censal ; ACA: C 3571: 209r-v (24 March 1496)—the 80,000s censal ; and ACA: C 3576: 64v (27 October 1497)—the 4,000s censal . [BACK]

124. For Albarracfn, see ACA: C 3640: 102v-103v (3 April 1484); for Teruel, ACA: C 3571: 25r (30 August 1492); for Huesca, ACA: C 3567: 60v-61v (31 October 1492) and 62r-v (28 October 1492); and for Tortosa, ACA: C 3631: 2r-3v (28 January 1493)—the aljama is made to pay only a portion of the pensions it owes to a priest. [BACK]

125. ACA: C 3644: 90v-91v (7 February 1488); ACA: C 3644: 58v (27 February 1488); and ACA: C 3649: 18r-v (17 February 1492)—all call for the confiscation of the Muslims' property in order to pay the pensions. [BACK]

126. For Teruel, see ACA: C 3644: 55r-57v (27 February 1488); and for Huesca, ACA: C 3567: 60v-61v, 62r-v. [BACK]

127. For Tortosa, see ACA: C 3601: 47r-48r (9 July 1493), and especially ACA: C 3600: 100r-101v (11 April 1500); and for Teruel, ACA: C 3571: 131r-133r (24 December 1493). [BACK]

128. Gual Camarena, "Aportaciones," pp. 181-199. For a detailed discussion of the taxes paid by seigneurial aljamas in the gubernatorial district of Orihuela during the fourteenth century, see Ferrer i Mallol, Les aljames , pp. 123-180. [BACK]

129. ARV: C 311: 24v-26r (31 July 1499). [BACK]

130. Boronat y Barrachina, Moriscos , I: 426, document no. 5. [BACK]

131. Gual Camarena, "Aportaciones," pp. 181-183, 198-199; Císcar Pallarés, Tierra y señorio , pp. 88-113. [BACK]

132. Garcia Càrcel and Císcar Pallarés, Moriscos , pp. 53-56; Duran, Germanies , pp. 122-128; and Guiral-Hadziiossif, Valence , pp. 9-43, 479-484. [BACK]

133. Garcia Càrcel and Císcar Pallarés, Moriscos , pp. 57-58; Cfscar Pallarés, Tierra y señorio , pp. 114-121. [BACK]

134. ARV: C 303: 121v-124r (15 December 1479). [BACK]

135. ARV: C 306: 158r-159r (15 April 1484). [BACK]

136. ARV: C 139: 99r-100r (9 July 1495)—the Count of Oliva; ARV: C 156: 85r-86r (17 November 1501)—the Count of Trivento; and ARV: C 158: 34r-35r (28 June 1502). [BACK]

137. ARV: C 306: 176r-180r (9 May 1486). [BACK]

138. ARV: C 156: 122v-123v (20 December 1501)—Dona Yolant; ARV: C 158: 48v-50r (21 July 1502); and ARV: C 131: 74r-v (28 April 1483)—Luis de Vilanova. [BACK]

139. ARV: C 131: 74r-v. [BACK]

140. ARV: C 136: 163r-v (15 February 1493). [BACK]

141. ARV: C 158: 48v-50r. [BACK]

142. ARV: C 139: 95v-97r (9 July 1495)—Count of Cocentaina and Elda; ARV: C 137: 244r-245r (9 January 1495) and C 139: 130v-131v (2 September 1495)—Dos Aguas; C 137: 261r-v (31 January 1495) and C 139: 62v-63r (15 May 1495)—Alacuás; C 148: 23v-24r (20 June 1492), 171v-172r (25 May 1493) and C 151: 45r-v (8 October 1496), and 173r-174r (18 May 1497)—Novelda. [BACK]

143. ARV: C 137: 244r-245r—Dos Aguas; and ARV: C 156: 102v-103r (4 December 1501)—Olocau. [BACK]

144. Barce16 Torres, Minorías , p. 89. [BACK]

145. ARV: C 309: 125v-129r (11 July 1493). [BACK]

146. ARV: C 141: 204v-205r (23 September 1502). [BACK]

147. ARV: C 153: 28v-30v (27 May 1497). Other documents concerning the debts of the aljama of Elda are ARV: C 137: 20v-21r (6 September 1493) and C 148: 182v-183r (25 June 1493). [BACK]

148. ARV: C 137: 212v-213r (24 November 1494)—Ribarroja; ARV: C 141: 182v (1 September 1501) and 226r-v (6 March 1503)—Villamarchante; and ARV: C 138: 290v-291r (26 October 1499) and C 309: 187r-188v (20 August 1493)—Mislata. [BACK]

149. Císcar Pallarés, Tierra y señorio , pp. 122-134. Furió and Garcia, "Dificultats agràries," p. 297, remark that even though peasants were not subject to a juridical servitude, a form of economic servitude could develop, whereby peasants were immobilized by debt. Such economic servitude no doubt increased during the sixteenth century. [BACK]