1. The surviving Arabic documentation can be found in Barceló Torres, Minorías , pp. 220-376. [BACK]

2. Boswell, Royal Treasure , p. 131. For example, ARV: C 308: 7v-11v (11 April 1488)—a royal order concerning the collection of tithes in the huerta of Valencia is directed to all persons "de qualsevol ley o condicio." [BACK]

3. Burns, Islam under the Crusaders , pp. 124-138. [BACK]

4. Aureum opus , 103v. [BACK]

5. Aureum opus , 81r. [BACK]

6. ACA: C 3650: 256v (19 February 1496). The carta puebla of Monforte (1459) also stipulated that a qadi * would be appointed for the morería of the town; see Gual Camarena, "Apoirtaciones," p. 176. [BACK]

7. The qadi general's appellate jurisdiction is seen in ACA: C 3545: 17v-20v (18 July 1479), where the qadi general delegates his judicial authority to Mahomat Çaragoqi, the qadi of Tortosa. Çaragoçi is given full judicial authority with the condition that the qadi general retains the right to hear any appeals of Çaragoçi's judicial decisions. This appellate jurisdiction can also be seen in the cases discussed later in this chapter. [BACK]

8. Burns, Islam under the Crusaders , p. 264. [BACK]

9. I have not encountered in the documentation any cases between Muslims and Christians being tried in Islamic courts. The one exception, ARV: B 1158: 147r (14 January 1486), concerns a property litigation between a Christian knight, apparently the son of a convert from Islam ("Luys Tallada olim Zaycaran"), and a Muslim of Játiva, in which the local qadi was involved. [BACK]

10. Aureum opus , 40v; and Furs , Colon and Garcia, eds., I: 208: Llibre I: Rubrica III: 65. [BACK]

11. Boswell, Royal Treasure , pp. 109, 131, 364-369. [BACK]

12. ARV: C 305: 71r-v (15 December 1481). [BACK]

13. Boswell, Royal Treasure , p. 148. [BACK]

14. Aureum opus , 40v, 102v; Furs, Colon and Garcia, eds. I: 208: Llibre I: Rubrica III: 65. Boswell, Royal Treasure , pp. 143-144, notes that Pedro IV's ruling that the qadi general should be the sole judge in criminal cases involving only Muslims did not have much practical effect. [BACK]

15. Burns, Islam under the Crusaders , p. 263. [BACK]

16. Aureum opus , 81r. [BACK]

17. Émile Tyan, Histoire de l'organisation judiciaire en pays d'Islam (Leiden, 1960), pp. 433-451, 566-571; N. J. Coulson, A History of Islamic Law (Edinburgh, 1964), pp. 120-134. [BACK]

18. Tyan, Organisation judiciaire , pp. 566-569. [BACK]

19. ARV: C 132: 108r-v (3 August 1484). [BACK]

20. ARV: MR 4276: Ir (1494). Pons Alós, Fondo Crespí , pp. 198, 219-221, lists instances in which the lord of. Sumacárcel accepts as slaves adulterous Muslim vassals who had been condemned to death by stoning by the qadi * of Játiva. Aureum opus , 236r: "Sarracenis dicti regni concedimus cum presenti quod si aliqua sarracena habens coniugem seu maritum cum aliquo christiano sive judio crimen commiserit adulterii puriiatur iuxta eorum çunam: et pena inde sibi debita in peccunia nullatenus convertatur." Perhaps the latter clause was no longer observed. [BACK]

21. See chap. 6 n.130. [BACK]

22. For instance, ARV: MR 955: 6r (1498, Alcira). [BACK]

23. ARV: MR 3054: 6v (1494.). [BACK]

24. ARV: B 1431: 192r-v (18 January 1492). [BACK]

25. ARV: B 1158: 3r-v (21 February 1485). Aureum opus , 103v: Pedro IV's aforementioned provision. [BACK]

26. ARV: C 317: 2v-3r (15 June 1492). [BACK]

27. ARV: C 150: 3v-4v (27 September 1493). [BACK]

28. Tyan, Organisation judiciaire , pp. 62-64; Coulson, Islamic Law , p. 18. [BACK]

29. Chapter 6 n. 88. [BACK]

30. Aureum opus , 102v. [BACK]

31. ARV: C 139: 75v-76r (19 May 1495). [BACK]

32. ARV: C 148: 104v (23 November 1492). [BACK]

33. ARV: B 1160: 361v-362r (5 December 1491). [BACK]

34. ARV: B 1157: 344r-v (3 December 1482). ARV: B 1157: 255v-256r (4 June 1482) is a similar case. [BACK]

35. ARV: B 1160: 631r-v (1 March 1493). Some similar cases are ARV: B 1156: 370r-v (6 February 1479) and B 1161: 263r (16 April 1496). [BACK]

36. ARV: B 1159: 120v-121r (28 August 1488). [BACK]

37. ARV: B 1158: 264r (24 July 1486). [BACK]

38. Coulson, Islamic Law , pp. 138-148. [BACK]

39. ARV: B 1156: 856v (14 September 1480). [BACK]

40. ARV: B 1157: 392r (7 March 1483). [BACK]

41. ARV: C 131: 61v-62r (18 April 1483). [BACK]

42. ARV: B 1157: 311v (20 September 1482); and 314v (27 September 1482). The precedent on which this decision was based is ARV: B 1157: 308r-v (11 September 1482), which seems to be the same decision of the qadi * general that Çaat Siquuti appealed some months later; see above, n. 41. [BACK]

43. ARV: B 1157: 351v (4 December 1482); 366v (8 January 1483)—the bailiff general orders the bailiff of Játiva to urge the qadi and faqih * of Játiva to give their opinions within eight days; and 377v-378r (5 February 1483) is the bailiff general's order that the sentence be executed. [BACK]

44. ARV: B 1156: 552v-553r (25 August 1479). [BACK]

45. ARV: B 1159: 175r-v (12 March 1489). [BACK]

46. Coulson, Islamic Law , pp. 135, 147. [BACK]

47. ACA: C 3647: 60v-61r (15 February 1490)—a Muslim of Zaragoza makes a plea to the king when his wife wishes to annul their marriage without just cause; ACA: C 3647: 112v-113r (30 January 1491)—a Muslim of Zaragoza, guardian to his four granddaughters, complains to the king when his coguardian refuses to cooperate in the marriage of two of the girls; ACA: C 3648: 219r-220r (15 October 1491)—the complaint of a Muslim of Huesca when his wife-to-be breaches contract and refuses to marry him; and ACA: C 3650; 156r-v (5 October 1492)—Aragonese Muslim sisters file suit against their male cousin regarding his guardianship over them. [BACK]

48. ARV: B 1433: 134r (30 March 1501). [BACK]

49. See chap. 6. [BACK]

50. Tyan, Organisation judiciaire , pp. 219-236. [BACK]

51. For more on the faqihs , see chap. 6. [BACK]

52. Coulson, Islamic Law , pp. 142-143, 148; and Robert Brunschvig, La Berbérie orientale sous les Hafsides * des origines a la fin du XVe siècle (Paris, 1947), II: 138-143, on the role of the mufti * in the Maghrib. [BACK]

53. Furs , Colon and Garcia, eds., III: 171: Llibre. III: Rubrica V: 111. [BACK]

54. Compare with the fourteenth century—Boswell, Royal Treasure , pp. 120-121—during which the role of the local bailiffs was far more limited. [BACK]

55. Aureum opus , 169v. [BACK]

56. ACA: C 3568: 5r (2 July 1490). [BACK]

57. For example, ARV: B 1156: 670v (16 December 1479). [BACK]

58. ARV: C 304: 172v (21 February 1481). [BACK]

59. ARV: B 1156: 670r-v (1-6 December 1479); and B 1156: 669v (14 December) is the letter of the bailiff of Játiva about the public crier. [BACK]

60. ACA: C 3665: 29v (4 January 1487). [BACK]

61. ARV: C 423: 64v-65v (19 July 1480) describes the appointment of the bailiff of Castell6n de Játiva, in which his jurisdiction over the local Muslims is defined; and ARV: C 130: 113v (110 December 1481). [BACK]

62. Furs , Colon and Garcia, eds., I: 221: Llibre I: Rubrica III: 90: Corts of Orihuela, 1488. [BACK]

63. ARV: MR 3060: 13r (1500). Other examples are MR 3056: 6v; 3058: 7v, 8v, 9r-v; and 3062: 15r. [BACK]

64. ARV: C 135: 102r (26 July 1488)—Fernando decides in the bailiff's favor because the Muslims are from Játiva; and ARV: C 135: 141v-142r (9 December 1488)—Fernando decides in favor of the governor because the Muslims are from the seigneury of Annahuir. ACA: C 3645: 136v-137v (31 July 1488) and 170r-v also concern the latter case. [BACK]

65. ARV: B 1157: 210r-v (14 March 1482); and 214r-215r (16 March 1482) is the lieutenant governor's reply. [BACK]

66. ARV: B 1157: 217v-218r (23 March 1482). [BACK]

67. ACA: C 3639: 68r-v (29 December 1481). [BACK]

68. ARV: C 131: 89r-90r (29 July 1483). [BACK]

69. ARV: C 129: 26r (21 February 1481). [BACK]

70. ACA: C 3639: 126r-v (13 April 1482). A more detailed discussion of these jurisdictional conflicts—Meyerson, "Between Convivencia and Crusade," pp. 438-440—shows that the legal arguments were somewhat more complex and convoluted than I have presented them here; the sometimes confused response of the king himself to these questions served to muddy the waters further still. [BACK]

71. ARV: B 1157: 206v-208ir (13 March 1482)—the bailiff general reprimands the lieutenant governor; and B 1157: 211r-v (16 March 1482)—the bailiff general informs the bailiff of Villajoyosa that he has reprimanded the lieutenant governor and orders him to proceed in the case of the Muslim of Finestrat. [BACK]

72. ARV: B 1158: 406r-v (21 April 1486). Other examples are ARV: B 1159: 204r-v (10 June 1489)—the lieutenant governor interferes in the procedure of the bailiff of Burriana against a Muslim who committed crimes in Villarreal; and B 1159: 232r-v (8 September 1489) and 232v-233r (12 September 1489)—the bailiff general and the lieutenant governor exchange letters on this matter. [BACK]

73. ARV: C 126: 77r (13 October 1479). [BACK]

74. Aureum opus , 52r-v; and 184v-185r (Alfonso V). [BACK]

75. ARV: B 1158: 458v-459r (4 August 1487); and B 1159: 203v-204r (5 June 1489). Other examples are ARV: B 1157: 487r-v (4 September 1483)—the town officials of Burriana are reprimanded for having confiscated beehives that Muslims of the Vall de Uxó are renting in Burriana; B 1157: 225r-v (7 June 1482)—the justice and jurates of Alpont try to convince the local bailiff that he

has no jurisdiction over the local Jews and Muslims; B 1157: 342r-v—the justice of Cullera proceeds against a Mudejar for swearing; B 1160: 270r (16 August 1491)—the justice of Onda interferes in the cases of Muslims and confiscates their possessions; B 1160: 315v-316r (22 October 1491)—the lieutenant justice of Murviedro refuses to hand over to the bailiff livestock confiscated from Muslims; and ACA: C 3528: 43v-44v (15 January 1493)—the consuls of Tortosa confiscate the property of a local Muslim in violation of the aljama's privileges and the prerogatives of the local bailiff. [BACK]

76. ARV: B 1156: 502r-503r (5 July 1479), 506v-507r (10 July), 511v-512r (23 July), and 534r (9 August) all concern this case. [BACK]

77. ARV: B 1158: 159v-164r (23 January 1486). [BACK]

78. ARV: C 305: 73r (9 July 1492). [BACK]

79. ARV: C 148: 33v-34r (10 July 1492). [BACK]

80. Furs , Colon and Garcia, eds., III: 129-130, 135: Llibre III: Rubrica V: 78, 83 discuss the rights of the seigneurs to the "penes e calonies" exacted from their Muslim vassals for civil and criminal offenses; this explains why they reacted so strongly to encroachments on their jurisdiction. Regarding the appeals of the Muslim vassals of Valldigna, ACA: C 3639: 121v-122r (6 April 1482); see also ARV: C 129: 142v-143v. [BACK]

81. ARV: C 130: 10v-11r (1 June 1481). [BACK]

82. ARV: B 1157: 93v-94v (22 August 1481). The officials of Valldigna refuse to release to a vicar of the bailiff general's court a Muslim vassal of the morería of Játiva. [BACK]

83. ACA: C 3639: 121v-122v (6 April 1482); and ACA: C 3605: 135v (13 April 1482). [BACK]

84. ARV: C 133: 89v-90v (1 September 1485); and ARV: C 302: 9r-v (20 March 1479)—the lord of Albatera and the lieutenant governor clash. [BACK]

85. ARV: C 140: 256v (7 January 1501), C 141: 114v-117r (12 December 1500), 137r-138v (10 February 1501), and 153v (16 March 1501) all concern this case. [BACK]

86. ARV: C 151: 41r-v (22 September 1496). [BACK]

87. ARV: C 151: 31r-32r (30 August 1496). ARV: C 307: 181r-v (15 March 1488)—officials of Castielfabib and Ademuz interfere in the jurisdiction of the lord of Torre Fondonera over his thirty Muslim vassals. [BACK]

88. ARV: C 650: 195v (2 September 1499). [BACK]

89. ARV: B 1157: 528v (23 December 1483); and B 1159: 259r-v (31 October 1489)—the case begun in the court of the lieutenant governor against Muslim vassals of Nules is removed to the court of the bailiff when the Muslims become royal vassals in Villarreal. [BACK]

90. ARV: C 148: 148v-149r (12 February 1493), and 163r-v (28 March 1493). [BACK]

91. ARV: B 1159: 236r-237r (11 September 1489). [BACK]

92. For example, ARV: C 137: 211r-212r (24 November 1494), C 148: 74r (September 1492), and C 156: 8v-9r (July 1501). [BACK]

93. Furs e ordinations , Palmart, ed., 265v-266r. [BACK]

94. The Muslims who appeared before the tribunal of the bailiff general as

witnesses, plaintiffs, or defendants are usually described as having sworn an oath in this manner—ARV: B 1431-1433. [BACK]

95. The cases that were tried in the court of the bailiff general followed this procedure—ARV: B 1431-1433 (1491-1504). ARV: B 1159: 355r-v (4 August 1490) concerns the questioning of witnesses in behalf of both parties in a litigation between a Muslim of Mislata and a Jewess of Murviedro. [BACK]

96. ARV: B 1157: 468v-469r (12 August 1483); and ARV: B 1158: 154r-v (17 January 1486)—the bailiff of Játiva receives "respostes e confessions judicials" from Muslims accused of crimes. [BACK]

97. ARV: C 141: 240v-241r (26 May 1503). [BACK]

98. ARV: C 141: 81v-82v (25 September 1500). After the bailiff of Murviedro passed sentence against him, Ali appealed to the bailiff general and maintained that the bailiff had proceeded against him in violation of a safe-conduct he had been given. [BACK]

99. ARV: B 1157: 206v (13 March 1482). [BACK]

100. For example, ARV: B 1159: 355r-v (4 August 1490)—Pere de Campos, notary, acts as procurator for Mahomat Monnen of Mislata in a litigation with a Jewish widow; ARV: C 156: 217r-v (30 April 1502)—Joan Cardona, notary of Valencia, acts as procurator for Azmet Comina; and C 302: 139v (8 August 1479)—Pere de Galbe of Oriheula acts as procurator for certain Muslim vassals of the Count of Cocentaina. [BACK]

101. ARV: C 154: 168r-169r (26 September 1498). [BACK]

102. Furs , Colon and Garcia, eds., IV: 77-78: Llibre IV: Rubrica IX: 51 (Jaime I) and 52 (Jaime II). Boswell, Royal Treasure , pp. 122-123; Burns, Islam under the Crusaders , p. 265, and Roca Traver, "Un siglo," pp. 188-189. [BACK]

103. ARV: C 148: 178r-v (10 June 1493). ARV: B 1158: 170v-172r (23 December 1486)—the same was done for Çahat Flori of Játiva, involved in a lawsuit against the canon Esteve Costa. [BACK]

104. See chap. 6 nn. 187-189. [BACK]

105. ARV: B 1159: 183r-v (30 March 1489) and 355r-v (4 August 1490) are both litigations between Muslims and Jews and do not involve any special legal procedures or legal problems. [BACK]

106. ARV: C 148: 208r-v (12 August 1493). [BACK]

107. Aureum opus , 52r-v, 77r-v; and ARV: C 304: 38r-v (28 April 1480). [BACK]

108. This conclusion is based on a reading of all cases treated in the documentation. [BACK]

109. For example, ARV: C 305: 140v-141r (23 May 1482). [BACK]

110. There were many safe-conducts granted. Some examples are ARV: B 1157: 672r-v (16 July 1484)—a guiatge is granted to Azmet Bochini and Çahat Ganim, protecting them and their possessions against prosecution for the murder of Ubaydal Hiem; B 1161: 439r (23 August 1497)—a guiatge is granted to a Muslim of Benaguacil so that he can go to Murviedro to sell the produce from his lands there and use the proceeds to pay off his creditors. [BACK]

111. For example, ACA: C 3638: 165r (6 January 1482). [BACK]

112. Boswell, Royal Treasure , pp. 127-128. [BACK]

113. ARV: C 158: 144r-v (10 December 1502). [BACK]

114. ACA: C 3667: 290r-v (13 March 1491); and ARV: B 1157: 238r-239r (14 May 1482). [BACK]

115. ARV: B 1431: 338v-341r (20-26 April 1493). The accused, Azmet Çahat of Tunis, was released on bail and was not punished because the torturers could not extract any confession from him. [BACK]

116. ARV: B 1432: 133r-v (11 August 1497). [BACK]

117. ARV: C 156: 4v (8 July 1501). [BACK]

118. ARV: C 158: 100r-101r (8 October 1502). [BACK]

119. ARV: C 133: 174v-175r (7 May 1486); and 186r-v (13 May 1486). [BACK]

120. ARV: C 304: 141r-v (12 December 1480). [BACK]

121. ARV: C 127: 107r-v (27 April 1480); and ARV: C 129: 145r-v (15 September 1481). [BACK]

122. ACA: C 3639: 58v-59r (10 December 1481); ARV: C 130: 144v (7 January 1482), and 171v-172r (8 January 1482). [BACK]

123. ARV: C 132: 207v-208r (19 March 1485); and ARV: C 134: 115v-116r (12 March 1488). [BACK]

124. ARV: C 138: 72v (21 December 1496); ARV: C 151: 23r-v (17 August 1496), and 36r-37r (5 September 1496). [BACK]

125. ARV: B 1158: 291v-292r (28 September 1486): Çaat Amiz, accused of assault against another Muslim, goes to the bailiff general and deceives the latter ("callant nos les dites coses") into ordering the bailiff of Játiva not to proceed against him; and ARV: C 141: 81v-82v (25 September 1500). [BACK]

126. ARV: C 148: 169v-170v (18 May 1493). Apariçi Noguera complained that he was unable to have procedure initiated against Çahat Tabernaxi because Çahat was "defenent se ab guiatges e molts altres diffugis." [BACK]

127. ARV: C 132: 108r-v (3 August 1484). [BACK]

128. ARV: C 310: 139v-140v (1 September 1497). [BACK]

129. ARV: C 156: 106r-v (11 December 1501). [BACK]

130. ARV: B 1158: 284v-285r (14 September 1486). [BACK]

131. ARV: B 1162: 59v (13 June 1500). [BACK]

132. ARV: C 142: 81r (2 May 1502). [BACK]

133. ACA: C 3639: 69r-v (28 December 1482). [BACK]

134. Some examples are ARV: C 130: 43r-v (14 August 1481)—the lord and aljama of Alberique are involved in a litigation with Christians of Alcira regarding the royal "qequia"; C 132: 33v-34v (6 April 1484)—the heirs of a knight of Valencia sue for the more than 25,000s in pensions owed to them by Don Hugo de Cardona and his aljamas of Beniopa, Benipeixcar, and so forth; C 139: 62v-63r (15 May 1495)—the lord and aljama of Alacuás owe pensions to the widow Yolanta Joan; C 140: 173r-v (20 May 1500)—a litigation between the jurates of Segorbe and the lord and vassals (aljama mentioned) of Navarrés regarding the taxes the jurates maintain they can collect in Navarrés; C 148: 167v-169r (24 April 1493)—the lord and Muslims of Torres Torres make a complaint against the jurates and sequier (overseer of the irrigation system) of Murviedo regarding the sequier 's confiscation of the Muslims' goods for improper use of the irrigation system. [BACK]

135. ARV: C 131: 179r-v (15 December 1483). [BACK]

136. ARV: C 148: 75r-v (14 September 1492). [BACK]

137. ACA: C 3645: 13r-v (14 April 1488). [BACK]

138. ARV: C 148: 211r-v (10 August 1493). [BACK]

139. See chap. 1. [BACK]

140. Some examples are ARV: C 139: 194v-195r (8 February 1496)—a Christian merchant files suit against Muslims who owe him 50 pounds for linen purchased; C 148: 169v-170r (18 May 1493)—a Christian requests procedure against a Muslim of Mascarell who owes him money for sheep purchased; C 151: 150v-151r (18 April 1497)—the Muslims and alcayt of Petrés are sued for the 120 pounds they owe to a Christian of Puzol for the purchase of sheep; and B 1157: 344v-345v (23 November 1,182)—a Christian notary pleas that execution be made against Muslims of Játiva who owe him money for the purchase of an olive orchard. [BACK]

141. Some examples are ARV: C 148: 71v (2 September 1492)—a Christian of Castellón de la Plana accuses a Muslim of the same town of stealing money from him; C 130: 144v (7 January 1482)—Muslims of Bechí are accused of burning 1,500 or more olive and carob trees near Villarreal; B 1156: (5 March 1479)—the lessee of the royal saltworks of Játiva makes accusations against Muslims of Antella; B 1156: 806r-807r (7 July 1480)—the farmers of the delmes (agricultural taxes) of Castellón de Játiva request that steps be taken against Muslims of Alcocer holding lands in the area of Castellón who attempt to avoid the payment of the delmes ; and B 1158: 42r-43r (27 June 1485)—procedure is initiated against a Jew of Murviedro and a Muslim of Petré's found in possession of false money. [BACK]

142. ARV: B 1157: 638v (25 May 1484). [BACK]

143. ARV: MR 3062: 152 (Játiva, 1502). [BACK]

144. ARV: C 140: 199v-200v (11 August 1500). [BACK]

146. ACA: C 3609: 71v (20 January 1486). [BACK]

147. ARV: C 137: 52r-v (15 December 1493). [BACK]

148. ACA: C 3633: 79v-80r (25 February 1479); and ACA: C 3640: 41v-42v (2 May 1483). [BACK]

149. ARV: C 130: 158r (29 December 1482). [BACK]

150. ARV: C 134: 141v-142r (11 April 1488). [BACK]

151. ARV: C 304: 92v-93r (1 August 1480). [BACK]

152. For example, ACA: C 3568: 121v-122r (25 September 1495)—Muslims and Christians of Antella are accused of killing a Muslim of Sumacárcel. Regarding this case and others like it, see chap. 6. [BACK]

153. Boswell, Royal Treasure , pp. 343-353. [BACK]

154. Furs e ordinations , Palmart, ed., Llibre IX: Rubrica II: 8-9; Aureum opus , 236r. Although the Furs provided that a Christian man and a Muslim woman caught sleeping together were both to be driven naked through the streets, it is clear that the law had been a dead letter since at least the mid-fourteenth century (see Boswell, Royal Treasure , p. 346 n. 70). [BACK]

155. Boswell, Royal Treasure , p. 344. [BACK]

156. ARV: B 1433: 119r-123v (1 February 1501) describes the case of Ange-

la de Vanya, a prostitute from Cuenca practicing in Onda, against various Muslims from the area. [BACK]

157. ARV: MR 102: 174r (1491). [BACK]

158. ARV: MR 102: 174r. [BACK]

159. ARV: C 126: 40v-41v (11 September 1479). [BACK]

160. ACA: C 3653: 157r-v (23 March 1498). [BACK]

161. ARV: B 1161: 452r-v (16 September 1497); B 1162: 98r (22 October 1500) is another order of the same tenor. Such orders also called for the arrest of all mendicants begging without license. [BACK]

162. ARV: B 1162: 7v (21 January 1500)—Ali Chanchan and other Muslims kidnap from the royal brothel of Valencia two Muslim prostitutes, slaves of the Infante Enrique and the knight Francesch Aguilo. ARV: B 1433: 57v (23 June 1491)—Mariem, a prostitute from Alasquer, testifies that she was sold to Don Altobello de Centelles, who then sent her to work as a prostitute in the royal brothel. For the prohibition against such practices by the masters of female slaves, see Furs , Colon and Garcia, eds., II: 85: Llibre I: Rubrica IX: 3. See also, Boswell, Royal Treasure , pp. 350-351. [BACK]

163. ACA: C 3640: 119r-120r (8 May 1484). [BACK]

164. ARV: B 1162: 409v-410r (11 February 1503). [BACK]

165. ARV: B 1433: 321r-325v (31 May 1502). For more on the matter of Muslim prostitution, see my ''Prostitution of Muslim Women in the Kingdom of Valencia: Religious and Sexual Discrimination in a Medieval Plural Society," in The Medieval Mediterranean: Cross-cultural Contacts , M. Chiat and K. Reyerson, eds. (St. Cloud, Minnesota, 1988), pp. 87-96. [BACK]

166. Some examples are ARV: MR 90: 173r-v, 175r; MR 103: 172r; and MR 110: 80r. [BACK]

167. For example, ARV: B 1431: 278r-286r (6 February 1493). [BACK]

168. For example, ARV: B 1157: 342r-v (11 November 1482). [BACK]