P

Pacific Rim nations, 165 n6

Participation dynamic. See Compulsory participation; Voluntary participation

Payroll taxes, 47 , 49 ;

investments approach and, 35 , 46 , 143 , 147 -48, 155 , 158 ;

for Medicare, 128 , 130 ;

social security, 41 , 84 , 86 , 91 -92, 96 , 97 , 100 , 130

PBJI (Program for Better Jobs and Income), 105 -6, 120

Pensions, 4 ;

Civil War, 83 , 166 n9;

employer-sponsored, 67 ;

"widows'," 83 , 102 , 103 -4, 106 .

See also Disability; Retirement pensions; Survivors

Perkins, Roswell, 98

Peterson, Peter G., 95

Physicians:

income of, 48 , 49 , 73 , 129 , 130 ;

investments approach and, 152 , 157 , 161 ;

liberty/autonomy of, 46 , 48 , 49 , 90 , 122 , 125 , 161 ;

and Medicare, 46 , 49 , 122 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 135 , 136 ;

in National Health Service (U.K.), 133 ;

and social security, 88

Physiological hazards:

social insurance for, 35 .

See also Aging; Childbirth; Illness; Injury

Police, 30 , 31

Policing, intraprogram, 119

Political culture, American values of. See Values, American core

Political elites, 72 , 115 , 118 , 162 -64

Political parties, American, 163

Political rights, 29 -30, 31 , 45 , 59 , 60 , 62

Poverty, 1 -3, 4 , 15 -23 passim, 36 , 38 , 52 , 119 -21, 168 n7, 170 n21;

ADC and, 104 ;

AFDC and, 102 , 104 -5, 106 -7, 109 , 117 , 119 -20;

boundaries of, 69 , 169 n8, 194 n9;

Medicaid and, 19 , 22 , 107 , 109 , 125 , 195 n13;

Medicare and, 130 ;

percentage of people experiencing, 16 , 20 , 169 n8, 194 n9;

SSI and, 84 -85;

turnover in those designated in, 105 , 194 n8

Practicality, 33 , 34 -37, 67 -78;

AFDC

and, 74 , 76 , 77 , 119 ;

of social security, 99 -100, 101

Pragmatism, 23 , 33 , 34 , 89

Preference satisfaction, 29

Press, freedom of, 46

Preventive health care, 123 , 124 , 129 , 133 , 134

Price-indexing:

of minimum wage, 148 ;

of social security benefits, 85 , 143

Prices, 14 -15.

See also Inflation

Prisons, finances for, 30

Private contractors, with AFDC, 117

Private initiatives, 67

Private insurance, 17 -18, 138 , 153 , 163

Private medical service providers:

income of, 48 , 49 , 64 , 73 , 129 , 130 , 135 -36;

investments approach and, 152 , 153 , 157 , 160 -61, 163 ;

liberty/autonomy of, 46 , 48 , 49 , 64 , 90 , 122 , 125 , 128 -29, 135 , 137 -38, 160 -61;

and Medicare, 46 , 49 , 122 , 129 -32, 135 -36, 137 -38.

See also Physicians

Private property rights. See Property rights

Private retirement pensions, 18 , 89

Private schools, 151 -52

Procedural justice, 38 , 41 , 43 , 57 , 58

Procedures:

democracies and, 59 -60, 63 -64;

negative rights and, 30

Producers' rights, 34

Productivity, socioeconomic rights and, 51 -52

Professional Standards Review Organizations (PSROs), 131

Program for Better Jobs and Income (PBJI), 105 -6, 120

Progressive era, 62 -63

Property rights, 60 -61, 63 -64, 88 , 99 , 128 , 156

Providers. See Private medical service providers

Public assistance, 19 -22, 48 , 51 , 63 , 117 , 195 n19;

investments approach and, 37 , 51 , 142 , 146 , 150 , 161 ;

means-based, 142 ;

social security (SSI), 19 , 35 , 71 , 84 -85, 146 , 154 , 194 n3.

See also Aid to Families with Dependent Children; Food stamps

Public health measures:

preventive, 123 , 124 .

See also Medical care; National health insurance

Public opinion surveys, on socioeconomic rights, 69

Public schools, 151 -52

Public work programs, 149