1. Marx, The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature , MEGA I, 1/1, p. 65; CW 1, p. 86. The dissertation proper contains some paradoxical insights into Marx's later materialism. Somewhat surprisingly, and "in spite of the insufficiency and weakness of his physical explanations," to quote Auguste Cornu, "Marx preferred the philosophy of Nature of Epicurus to that of Democritus, because, rejecting the determinism of Democritus, he [Epicurus] had shown the possibility for man to act freely." See Cornu, Karl Marx et Friedrich Engels: leur vie et leur oeuvre (Paris, 1955 ff.), I, 200. [BACK]

2. For a full discussion, see Heinz Lubasz, "Marx's Initial Problematic: continue

The Problem of Poverty," Political Studies, 24 (March, 1976). 24-42. [BACK]

3. Marx, "Comments on the Latest Prussian Censorship Instruction," MEGA I, 1/1, pp. 162-163; CW 1, p. 120. [BACK]

4. Marx, "The Leading Article in No. 179 of the Kölnische Zeitung : Religion, Free Press and Philosophy," MEGA I, 1/1, p. 241; CW 1, p. 193. [BACK]

5. Ludwig Feuerbach, "Preliminary Theses on the Reform of Philosophy," in The Fiery Brook: Selected Writings of Ludwig Feuerbach , trans. Hanfi (Garden City, N.Y., 1972), p. 154. [BACK]

6. Marx, Critique of Hegel's "Philosophy of Right," MEGA I, 1/1, pp. 426-427; CW 3, p. 23.

7. Ibid., p. 406; CW 3, p. 8.

8. Ibid., p. 426; CW 3, p. 23.

9. Ibid., p. 432; CW 3, p. 28. [BACK]

6. Marx, Critique of Hegel's "Philosophy of Right," MEGA I, 1/1, pp. 426-427; CW 3, p. 23.

7. Ibid., p. 406; CW 3, p. 8.

8. Ibid., p. 426; CW 3, p. 23.

9. Ibid., p. 432; CW 3, p. 28. [BACK]

6. Marx, Critique of Hegel's "Philosophy of Right," MEGA I, 1/1, pp. 426-427; CW 3, p. 23.

7. Ibid., p. 406; CW 3, p. 8.

8. Ibid., p. 426; CW 3, p. 23.

9. Ibid., p. 432; CW 3, p. 28. [BACK]

6. Marx, Critique of Hegel's "Philosophy of Right," MEGA I, 1/1, pp. 426-427; CW 3, p. 23.

7. Ibid., p. 406; CW 3, p. 8.

8. Ibid., p. 426; CW 3, p. 23.

9. Ibid., p. 432; CW 3, p. 28. [BACK]

10. G. W. F. Hegel, Philosophy of Right , trans. Knox (London, 1952), p. 198 (§303). [BACK]

11. Marx, Critique of "Philosophy." MEGA I, 1/1, pp. 435-437, 499; CW 3, pp. 31-33, 81.

12. Ibid., p. 435; CW 3, p. 30.

13. Ibid., pp. 542-544; CW 3, pp. 119-121. [BACK]

11. Marx, Critique of "Philosophy." MEGA I, 1/1, pp. 435-437, 499; CW 3, pp. 31-33, 81.

12. Ibid., p. 435; CW 3, p. 30.

13. Ibid., pp. 542-544; CW 3, pp. 119-121. [BACK]

11. Marx, Critique of "Philosophy." MEGA I, 1/1, pp. 435-437, 499; CW 3, pp. 31-33, 81.

12. Ibid., p. 435; CW 3, p. 30.

13. Ibid., pp. 542-544; CW 3, pp. 119-121. [BACK]

14. Marx, "Toward the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right: Introduction," MEGA I, 1/1. pp. 616, 620; CW 3, pp. 183, 187. [BACK]

15. Marx, "Critical Marginal Notes on the Article 'The King of Prussia and Social Reform. By a Prussian,'" MEGA I, 3, p. 22; CW 3, p. 205. [BACK]

16. Marx, Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 , MEGA I, 3, p. 110; CW 3, p. 293.

17. Ibid., pp. 85-89; CW 3, pp. 274-278. [BACK]

16. Marx, Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 , MEGA I, 3, p. 110; CW 3, p. 293.

17. Ibid., pp. 85-89; CW 3, pp. 274-278. [BACK]

18. See Feuerbach, The Essence of Christianity , trans. Eliot (New York, 1957), pp. 1-2. [BACK]

19. Marx, Economic and Philosophic , MEGA I, 3, pp. 160-161; CW 3, p. 336.

20. Ibid., p. 89; CW 3, p. 277.

21. Ibid., pp. 158, 166-168; CW 3, pp. 334, 341-342. Cf. Marx's note on "Hegel's Construction of the Phenomenology," MEGA I, 5, p. 531; CW 4, p. 665. [BACK]

19. Marx, Economic and Philosophic , MEGA I, 3, pp. 160-161; CW 3, p. 336.

20. Ibid., p. 89; CW 3, p. 277.

21. Ibid., pp. 158, 166-168; CW 3, pp. 334, 341-342. Cf. Marx's note on "Hegel's Construction of the Phenomenology," MEGA I, 5, p. 531; CW 4, p. 665. [BACK]

19. Marx, Economic and Philosophic , MEGA I, 3, pp. 160-161; CW 3, p. 336.

20. Ibid., p. 89; CW 3, p. 277.

21. Ibid., pp. 158, 166-168; CW 3, pp. 334, 341-342. Cf. Marx's note on "Hegel's Construction of the Phenomenology," MEGA I, 5, p. 531; CW 4, p. 665. [BACK]

22. Marx, Economic and Philosophic , MEGA I, 3, pp. 91, 115, 161; CW 3, pp. 279, 297, 336-337. Cf. Hegel, Phenomenology of Mind , trans. Baillie (New York, 1967), pp. 229-240. [BACK]

23. Marx, "Excerpt-Notes of 1844," MEGA I, 3, p. 536; CW 3, p. 217. 24. Marx, Economic and Philosophic , MEGA I, 3, p. 116; CW 3, p. 298. [BACK]

24. Marx, "Economic and Philosophic, MEGA I, 3, p. 116; CW 3, p. 298.

25. Ibid., p. 117; CW 3, p. 299.

26. Ibid. break

27. Ibid., pp. 83-84, 86, 136; CW 3, pp. 272, 275, 314. [BACK]

24. Marx, "Economic and Philosophic, MEGA I, 3, p. 116; CW 3, p. 298.

25. Ibid., p. 117; CW 3, p. 299.

26. Ibid. break

27. Ibid., pp. 83-84, 86, 136; CW 3, pp. 272, 275, 314. [BACK]

24. Marx, "Economic and Philosophic, MEGA I, 3, p. 116; CW 3, p. 298.

25. Ibid., p. 117; CW 3, p. 299.

26. Ibid. break

27. Ibid., pp. 83-84, 86, 136; CW 3, pp. 272, 275, 314. [BACK]

24. Marx, "Economic and Philosophic, MEGA I, 3, p. 116; CW 3, p. 298.

25. Ibid., p. 117; CW 3, p. 299.

26. Ibid. break

27. Ibid., pp. 83-84, 86, 136; CW 3, pp. 272, 275, 314. [BACK]

28. Marx, "Excerpt-Notes," MEGA 1, 3, pp. 532, 535; CW 3, pp. 213, 227. [BACK]

29. Marx, Economic and Philosophic , MEGA I, 3, p. 149; CW 3, p. 326.

30. Ibid., pp. 111-113, 120-121; CW 3. pp. 293-299, 301-302.

31. Ibid., p. 121; CW 3, p. 296. [BACK]

29. Marx, Economic and Philosophic , MEGA I, 3, p. 149; CW 3, p. 326.

30. Ibid., pp. 111-113, 120-121; CW 3. pp. 293-299, 301-302.

31. Ibid., p. 121; CW 3, p. 296. [BACK]

29. Marx, Economic and Philosophic , MEGA I, 3, p. 149; CW 3, p. 326.

30. Ibid., pp. 111-113, 120-121; CW 3. pp. 293-299, 301-302.

31. Ibid., p. 121; CW 3, p. 296. [BACK]

32. Marx, "Excerpt-Notes," MEGA I, 3, p. 547; CW 3, pp. 227-228. [BACK]

33. Marx, Economic and Philosophic , MEGA I, 3, p. 126; CW 3, p. 306. [BACK]

34. Marx, "Excerpt-Notes," MEGA I, 3, p. 547; CW 3, p. 228. [BACK]

35. Cf. Marx, "Letter to His Father: on a Turning-Point in Life," MEGA I, 1/2, pp. 215, 218; CW 1. pp. 12, 18. [BACK]

36. Marx, Critique of Political Economy , MEW 13, p. 10; CPE, p. 13. [BACK]

37. See Marx and Friedrich Engels, The German Ideology , MEGA I, 5, p. 215; CW 5, p. 236: "Owing to the fact that Feuerbach showed the religious world as an illusion of the earthly world . . . German theory too was confronted with the question which he left unanswered: how was it that people 'got into their heads' these illusions? Even for the German theoreticians, this question paved the way to the materialistic outlook on the world. . . . This path was already indicated in the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher —in the Einleitung zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie and Zur Judenfrage . But since at the time this was done in philosophical phraseology, the traditionally occurring philosophical expressions such as 'human essence,' 'genus,' etc., gave the German theoreticians the desired excuse for misunderstanding the real trend of thought and believing that here again it was a question merely of giving a new turn to their worn-out theoretical garments."

38. Ibid., pp. 10-11; CW 5, pp. 31-32.

39. Ibid., pp. 32-32, 37-38, 58-59; CW 5, pp. 58, 61-62, 88-89.

40. Ibid., p. 410; CW 5, p. 432.

41. Ibid., p. 16; CW 5, p. 37.

42. Ibid., p. 25; CW 5. p. 49.

43. Ibid., pp. 460-461; CW 5, p. 476.

44. Ibid., pp. 57-58; CW 5, p. 88.

45. Ibid., p. 60; CW 5, p. 81.

46. Ibid., p. 22; CW 5, p. 47.

47. Ibid., pp. 417-418; CW 5, pp. 439-440. [BACK]

37. See Marx and Friedrich Engels, The German Ideology , MEGA I, 5, p. 215; CW 5, p. 236: "Owing to the fact that Feuerbach showed the religious world as an illusion of the earthly world . . . German theory too was confronted with the question which he left unanswered: how was it that people 'got into their heads' these illusions? Even for the German theoreticians, this question paved the way to the materialistic outlook on the world. . . . This path was already indicated in the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher —in the Einleitung zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie and Zur Judenfrage . But since at the time this was done in philosophical phraseology, the traditionally occurring philosophical expressions such as 'human essence,' 'genus,' etc., gave the German theoreticians the desired excuse for misunderstanding the real trend of thought and believing that here again it was a question merely of giving a new turn to their worn-out theoretical garments."

38. Ibid., pp. 10-11; CW 5, pp. 31-32.

39. Ibid., pp. 32-32, 37-38, 58-59; CW 5, pp. 58, 61-62, 88-89.

40. Ibid., p. 410; CW 5, p. 432.

41. Ibid., p. 16; CW 5, p. 37.

42. Ibid., p. 25; CW 5. p. 49.

43. Ibid., pp. 460-461; CW 5, p. 476.

44. Ibid., pp. 57-58; CW 5, p. 88.

45. Ibid., p. 60; CW 5, p. 81.

46. Ibid., p. 22; CW 5, p. 47.

47. Ibid., pp. 417-418; CW 5, pp. 439-440. [BACK]

37. See Marx and Friedrich Engels, The German Ideology , MEGA I, 5, p. 215; CW 5, p. 236: "Owing to the fact that Feuerbach showed the religious world as an illusion of the earthly world . . . German theory too was confronted with the question which he left unanswered: how was it that people 'got into their heads' these illusions? Even for the German theoreticians, this question paved the way to the materialistic outlook on the world. . . . This path was already indicated in the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher —in the Einleitung zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie and Zur Judenfrage . But since at the time this was done in philosophical phraseology, the traditionally occurring philosophical expressions such as 'human essence,' 'genus,' etc., gave the German theoreticians the desired excuse for misunderstanding the real trend of thought and believing that here again it was a question merely of giving a new turn to their worn-out theoretical garments."

38. Ibid., pp. 10-11; CW 5, pp. 31-32.

39. Ibid., pp. 32-32, 37-38, 58-59; CW 5, pp. 58, 61-62, 88-89.

40. Ibid., p. 410; CW 5, p. 432.

41. Ibid., p. 16; CW 5, p. 37.

42. Ibid., p. 25; CW 5. p. 49.

43. Ibid., pp. 460-461; CW 5, p. 476.

44. Ibid., pp. 57-58; CW 5, p. 88.

45. Ibid., p. 60; CW 5, p. 81.

46. Ibid., p. 22; CW 5, p. 47.

47. Ibid., pp. 417-418; CW 5, pp. 439-440. [BACK]

37. See Marx and Friedrich Engels, The German Ideology , MEGA I, 5, p. 215; CW 5, p. 236: "Owing to the fact that Feuerbach showed the religious world as an illusion of the earthly world . . . German theory too was confronted with the question which he left unanswered: how was it that people 'got into their heads' these illusions? Even for the German theoreticians, this question paved the way to the materialistic outlook on the world. . . . This path was already indicated in the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher —in the Einleitung zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie and Zur Judenfrage . But since at the time this was done in philosophical phraseology, the traditionally occurring philosophical expressions such as 'human essence,' 'genus,' etc., gave the German theoreticians the desired excuse for misunderstanding the real trend of thought and believing that here again it was a question merely of giving a new turn to their worn-out theoretical garments."

38. Ibid., pp. 10-11; CW 5, pp. 31-32.

39. Ibid., pp. 32-32, 37-38, 58-59; CW 5, pp. 58, 61-62, 88-89.

40. Ibid., p. 410; CW 5, p. 432.

41. Ibid., p. 16; CW 5, p. 37.

42. Ibid., p. 25; CW 5. p. 49.

43. Ibid., pp. 460-461; CW 5, p. 476.

44. Ibid., pp. 57-58; CW 5, p. 88.

45. Ibid., p. 60; CW 5, p. 81.

46. Ibid., p. 22; CW 5, p. 47.

47. Ibid., pp. 417-418; CW 5, pp. 439-440. [BACK]

37. See Marx and Friedrich Engels, The German Ideology , MEGA I, 5, p. 215; CW 5, p. 236: "Owing to the fact that Feuerbach showed the religious world as an illusion of the earthly world . . . German theory too was confronted with the question which he left unanswered: how was it that people 'got into their heads' these illusions? Even for the German theoreticians, this question paved the way to the materialistic outlook on the world. . . . This path was already indicated in the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher —in the Einleitung zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie and Zur Judenfrage . But since at the time this was done in philosophical phraseology, the traditionally occurring philosophical expressions such as 'human essence,' 'genus,' etc., gave the German theoreticians the desired excuse for misunderstanding the real trend of thought and believing that here again it was a question merely of giving a new turn to their worn-out theoretical garments."

38. Ibid., pp. 10-11; CW 5, pp. 31-32.

39. Ibid., pp. 32-32, 37-38, 58-59; CW 5, pp. 58, 61-62, 88-89.

40. Ibid., p. 410; CW 5, p. 432.

41. Ibid., p. 16; CW 5, p. 37.

42. Ibid., p. 25; CW 5. p. 49.

43. Ibid., pp. 460-461; CW 5, p. 476.

44. Ibid., pp. 57-58; CW 5, p. 88.

45. Ibid., p. 60; CW 5, p. 81.

46. Ibid., p. 22; CW 5, p. 47.

47. Ibid., pp. 417-418; CW 5, pp. 439-440. [BACK]

37. See Marx and Friedrich Engels, The German Ideology , MEGA I, 5, p. 215; CW 5, p. 236: "Owing to the fact that Feuerbach showed the religious world as an illusion of the earthly world . . . German theory too was confronted with the question which he left unanswered: how was it that people 'got into their heads' these illusions? Even for the German theoreticians, this question paved the way to the materialistic outlook on the world. . . . This path was already indicated in the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher —in the Einleitung zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie and Zur Judenfrage . But since at the time this was done in philosophical phraseology, the traditionally occurring philosophical expressions such as 'human essence,' 'genus,' etc., gave the German theoreticians the desired excuse for misunderstanding the real trend of thought and believing that here again it was a question merely of giving a new turn to their worn-out theoretical garments."

38. Ibid., pp. 10-11; CW 5, pp. 31-32.

39. Ibid., pp. 32-32, 37-38, 58-59; CW 5, pp. 58, 61-62, 88-89.

40. Ibid., p. 410; CW 5, p. 432.

41. Ibid., p. 16; CW 5, p. 37.

42. Ibid., p. 25; CW 5. p. 49.

43. Ibid., pp. 460-461; CW 5, p. 476.

44. Ibid., pp. 57-58; CW 5, p. 88.

45. Ibid., p. 60; CW 5, p. 81.

46. Ibid., p. 22; CW 5, p. 47.

47. Ibid., pp. 417-418; CW 5, pp. 439-440. [BACK]

37. See Marx and Friedrich Engels, The German Ideology , MEGA I, 5, p. 215; CW 5, p. 236: "Owing to the fact that Feuerbach showed the religious world as an illusion of the earthly world . . . German theory too was confronted with the question which he left unanswered: how was it that people 'got into their heads' these illusions? Even for the German theoreticians, this question paved the way to the materialistic outlook on the world. . . . This path was already indicated in the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher —in the Einleitung zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie and Zur Judenfrage . But since at the time this was done in philosophical phraseology, the traditionally occurring philosophical expressions such as 'human essence,' 'genus,' etc., gave the German theoreticians the desired excuse for misunderstanding the real trend of thought and believing that here again it was a question merely of giving a new turn to their worn-out theoretical garments."

38. Ibid., pp. 10-11; CW 5, pp. 31-32.

39. Ibid., pp. 32-32, 37-38, 58-59; CW 5, pp. 58, 61-62, 88-89.

40. Ibid., p. 410; CW 5, p. 432.

41. Ibid., p. 16; CW 5, p. 37.

42. Ibid., p. 25; CW 5. p. 49.

43. Ibid., pp. 460-461; CW 5, p. 476.

44. Ibid., pp. 57-58; CW 5, p. 88.

45. Ibid., p. 60; CW 5, p. 81.

46. Ibid., p. 22; CW 5, p. 47.

47. Ibid., pp. 417-418; CW 5, pp. 439-440. [BACK]

37. See Marx and Friedrich Engels, The German Ideology , MEGA I, 5, p. 215; CW 5, p. 236: "Owing to the fact that Feuerbach showed the religious world as an illusion of the earthly world . . . German theory too was confronted with the question which he left unanswered: how was it that people 'got into their heads' these illusions? Even for the German theoreticians, this question paved the way to the materialistic outlook on the world. . . . This path was already indicated in the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher —in the Einleitung zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie and Zur Judenfrage . But since at the time this was done in philosophical phraseology, the traditionally occurring philosophical expressions such as 'human essence,' 'genus,' etc., gave the German theoreticians the desired excuse for misunderstanding the real trend of thought and believing that here again it was a question merely of giving a new turn to their worn-out theoretical garments."

38. Ibid., pp. 10-11; CW 5, pp. 31-32.

39. Ibid., pp. 32-32, 37-38, 58-59; CW 5, pp. 58, 61-62, 88-89.

40. Ibid., p. 410; CW 5, p. 432.

41. Ibid., p. 16; CW 5, p. 37.

42. Ibid., p. 25; CW 5. p. 49.

43. Ibid., pp. 460-461; CW 5, p. 476.

44. Ibid., pp. 57-58; CW 5, p. 88.

45. Ibid., p. 60; CW 5, p. 81.

46. Ibid., p. 22; CW 5, p. 47.

47. Ibid., pp. 417-418; CW 5, pp. 439-440. [BACK]

37. See Marx and Friedrich Engels, The German Ideology , MEGA I, 5, p. 215; CW 5, p. 236: "Owing to the fact that Feuerbach showed the religious world as an illusion of the earthly world . . . German theory too was confronted with the question which he left unanswered: how was it that people 'got into their heads' these illusions? Even for the German theoreticians, this question paved the way to the materialistic outlook on the world. . . . This path was already indicated in the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher —in the Einleitung zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie and Zur Judenfrage . But since at the time this was done in philosophical phraseology, the traditionally occurring philosophical expressions such as 'human essence,' 'genus,' etc., gave the German theoreticians the desired excuse for misunderstanding the real trend of thought and believing that here again it was a question merely of giving a new turn to their worn-out theoretical garments."

38. Ibid., pp. 10-11; CW 5, pp. 31-32.

39. Ibid., pp. 32-32, 37-38, 58-59; CW 5, pp. 58, 61-62, 88-89.

40. Ibid., p. 410; CW 5, p. 432.

41. Ibid., p. 16; CW 5, p. 37.

42. Ibid., p. 25; CW 5. p. 49.

43. Ibid., pp. 460-461; CW 5, p. 476.

44. Ibid., pp. 57-58; CW 5, p. 88.

45. Ibid., p. 60; CW 5, p. 81.

46. Ibid., p. 22; CW 5, p. 47.

47. Ibid., pp. 417-418; CW 5, pp. 439-440. [BACK]

37. See Marx and Friedrich Engels, The German Ideology , MEGA I, 5, p. 215; CW 5, p. 236: "Owing to the fact that Feuerbach showed the religious world as an illusion of the earthly world . . . German theory too was confronted with the question which he left unanswered: how was it that people 'got into their heads' these illusions? Even for the German theoreticians, this question paved the way to the materialistic outlook on the world. . . . This path was already indicated in the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher —in the Einleitung zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie and Zur Judenfrage . But since at the time this was done in philosophical phraseology, the traditionally occurring philosophical expressions such as 'human essence,' 'genus,' etc., gave the German theoreticians the desired excuse for misunderstanding the real trend of thought and believing that here again it was a question merely of giving a new turn to their worn-out theoretical garments."

38. Ibid., pp. 10-11; CW 5, pp. 31-32.

39. Ibid., pp. 32-32, 37-38, 58-59; CW 5, pp. 58, 61-62, 88-89.

40. Ibid., p. 410; CW 5, p. 432.

41. Ibid., p. 16; CW 5, p. 37.

42. Ibid., p. 25; CW 5. p. 49.

43. Ibid., pp. 460-461; CW 5, p. 476.

44. Ibid., pp. 57-58; CW 5, p. 88.

45. Ibid., p. 60; CW 5, p. 81.

46. Ibid., p. 22; CW 5, p. 47.

47. Ibid., pp. 417-418; CW 5, pp. 439-440. [BACK]

37. See Marx and Friedrich Engels, The German Ideology , MEGA I, 5, p. 215; CW 5, p. 236: "Owing to the fact that Feuerbach showed the religious world as an illusion of the earthly world . . . German theory too was confronted with the question which he left unanswered: how was it that people 'got into their heads' these illusions? Even for the German theoreticians, this question paved the way to the materialistic outlook on the world. . . . This path was already indicated in the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher —in the Einleitung zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie and Zur Judenfrage . But since at the time this was done in philosophical phraseology, the traditionally occurring philosophical expressions such as 'human essence,' 'genus,' etc., gave the German theoreticians the desired excuse for misunderstanding the real trend of thought and believing that here again it was a question merely of giving a new turn to their worn-out theoretical garments."

38. Ibid., pp. 10-11; CW 5, pp. 31-32.

39. Ibid., pp. 32-32, 37-38, 58-59; CW 5, pp. 58, 61-62, 88-89.

40. Ibid., p. 410; CW 5, p. 432.

41. Ibid., p. 16; CW 5, p. 37.

42. Ibid., p. 25; CW 5. p. 49.

43. Ibid., pp. 460-461; CW 5, p. 476.

44. Ibid., pp. 57-58; CW 5, p. 88.

45. Ibid., p. 60; CW 5, p. 81.

46. Ibid., p. 22; CW 5, p. 47.

47. Ibid., pp. 417-418; CW 5, pp. 439-440. [BACK]

48. Max Stirner. The Ego and His Own , trans. Byington (New York, 1973). p. 55.

49. Ibid., pp. 167, 169.

50. Ibid., p. 366. [BACK]

48. Max Stirner. The Ego and His Own , trans. Byington (New York, 1973). p. 55.

49. Ibid., pp. 167, 169.

50. Ibid., p. 366. [BACK]

48. Max Stirner. The Ego and His Own , trans. Byington (New York, 1973). p. 55.

49. Ibid., pp. 167, 169.

50. Ibid., p. 366. [BACK]

51. See Engels to Marx, 11-19-44, MEGA III, 1, pp. 6-7. break [BACK]

52. Marx and Engels, German Ideology , MEGA I, 5, pp. 227-228, 232; CW 5, pp. 247, 252.

53. Ibid., MEGA I, 5, pp. 108, 193, 242, 270; CW 5, pp. 129, 214, 262. 291-292. [BACK]

52. Marx and Engels, German Ideology , MEGA I, 5, pp. 227-228, 232; CW 5, pp. 247, 252.

53. Ibid., MEGA I, 5, pp. 108, 193, 242, 270; CW 5, pp. 129, 214, 262. 291-292. [BACK]

54. See Marx and Engels, Manifesto of the Communist Party , MEW 4, p. 467: CW 6, p. 489. [BACK]

55. Marx, "Speech at the Anniversary of the People's Paper ," SW I, p. 500. [BACK]

56. Marx, Political Economy , MEW 13, p. 7; CPE, p. 9. Marx mentions his six-pan plan in a letter to Engels, 4-2-58, MEW 29, p. 312; SC, p. 104. [BACK]

57. Marx, Grundrisse , GK, p. 203, G, p. 296.

58. Ibid., pp. 205-207, 211-212, 268-270; G, pp. 297-300. 304-305, 363-364.

59. Ibid., pp. 65, 213-214; G, pp. 146-147, 305-307.

60. Ibid., p. 359; G, p. 455.

61. Ibid., pp. 358, 361; G, pp. 454. 457.

62. Ibid., pp. 215, 584-585, 716; G, pp. 308, 698-699, 831-832.

63. Ibid., pp. 154, 156; G, pp. 242-243, 245. Cf. Marx, Economic and Philosophic , MEGA I, 3, p. 148; CW 3, p. 325: "Money is the alienated ability of mankind." [BACK]

57. Marx, Grundrisse , GK, p. 203, G, p. 296.

58. Ibid., pp. 205-207, 211-212, 268-270; G, pp. 297-300. 304-305, 363-364.

59. Ibid., pp. 65, 213-214; G, pp. 146-147, 305-307.

60. Ibid., p. 359; G, p. 455.

61. Ibid., pp. 358, 361; G, pp. 454. 457.

62. Ibid., pp. 215, 584-585, 716; G, pp. 308, 698-699, 831-832.

63. Ibid., pp. 154, 156; G, pp. 242-243, 245. Cf. Marx, Economic and Philosophic , MEGA I, 3, p. 148; CW 3, p. 325: "Money is the alienated ability of mankind." [BACK]

57. Marx, Grundrisse , GK, p. 203, G, p. 296.

58. Ibid., pp. 205-207, 211-212, 268-270; G, pp. 297-300. 304-305, 363-364.

59. Ibid., pp. 65, 213-214; G, pp. 146-147, 305-307.

60. Ibid., p. 359; G, p. 455.

61. Ibid., pp. 358, 361; G, pp. 454. 457.

62. Ibid., pp. 215, 584-585, 716; G, pp. 308, 698-699, 831-832.

63. Ibid., pp. 154, 156; G, pp. 242-243, 245. Cf. Marx, Economic and Philosophic , MEGA I, 3, p. 148; CW 3, p. 325: "Money is the alienated ability of mankind." [BACK]

57. Marx, Grundrisse , GK, p. 203, G, p. 296.

58. Ibid., pp. 205-207, 211-212, 268-270; G, pp. 297-300. 304-305, 363-364.

59. Ibid., pp. 65, 213-214; G, pp. 146-147, 305-307.

60. Ibid., p. 359; G, p. 455.

61. Ibid., pp. 358, 361; G, pp. 454. 457.

62. Ibid., pp. 215, 584-585, 716; G, pp. 308, 698-699, 831-832.

63. Ibid., pp. 154, 156; G, pp. 242-243, 245. Cf. Marx, Economic and Philosophic , MEGA I, 3, p. 148; CW 3, p. 325: "Money is the alienated ability of mankind." [BACK]

57. Marx, Grundrisse , GK, p. 203, G, p. 296.

58. Ibid., pp. 205-207, 211-212, 268-270; G, pp. 297-300. 304-305, 363-364.

59. Ibid., pp. 65, 213-214; G, pp. 146-147, 305-307.

60. Ibid., p. 359; G, p. 455.

61. Ibid., pp. 358, 361; G, pp. 454. 457.

62. Ibid., pp. 215, 584-585, 716; G, pp. 308, 698-699, 831-832.

63. Ibid., pp. 154, 156; G, pp. 242-243, 245. Cf. Marx, Economic and Philosophic , MEGA I, 3, p. 148; CW 3, p. 325: "Money is the alienated ability of mankind." [BACK]

57. Marx, Grundrisse , GK, p. 203, G, p. 296.

58. Ibid., pp. 205-207, 211-212, 268-270; G, pp. 297-300. 304-305, 363-364.

59. Ibid., pp. 65, 213-214; G, pp. 146-147, 305-307.

60. Ibid., p. 359; G, p. 455.

61. Ibid., pp. 358, 361; G, pp. 454. 457.

62. Ibid., pp. 215, 584-585, 716; G, pp. 308, 698-699, 831-832.

63. Ibid., pp. 154, 156; G, pp. 242-243, 245. Cf. Marx, Economic and Philosophic , MEGA I, 3, p. 148; CW 3, p. 325: "Money is the alienated ability of mankind." [BACK]

57. Marx, Grundrisse , GK, p. 203, G, p. 296.

58. Ibid., pp. 205-207, 211-212, 268-270; G, pp. 297-300. 304-305, 363-364.

59. Ibid., pp. 65, 213-214; G, pp. 146-147, 305-307.

60. Ibid., p. 359; G, p. 455.

61. Ibid., pp. 358, 361; G, pp. 454. 457.

62. Ibid., pp. 215, 584-585, 716; G, pp. 308, 698-699, 831-832.

63. Ibid., pp. 154, 156; G, pp. 242-243, 245. Cf. Marx, Economic and Philosophic , MEGA I, 3, p. 148; CW 3, p. 325: "Money is the alienated ability of mankind." [BACK]

64. Marx, Grundrisse , GK, p. 395; G, p. 496.

65. Ibid., pp. 74-75, 79-80, 204, 313-314, 545; G, pp. 156-157, 161-162, 296, 409-410, 651-652.

66. Ibid., pp. 75-76; G, p. 158. [BACK]

64. Marx, Grundrisse , GK, p. 395; G, p. 496.

65. Ibid., pp. 74-75, 79-80, 204, 313-314, 545; G, pp. 156-157, 161-162, 296, 409-410, 651-652.

66. Ibid., pp. 75-76; G, p. 158. [BACK]

64. Marx, Grundrisse , GK, p. 395; G, p. 496.

65. Ibid., pp. 74-75, 79-80, 204, 313-314, 545; G, pp. 156-157, 161-162, 296, 409-410, 651-652.

66. Ibid., pp. 75-76; G, p. 158. [BACK]

67. Marx, Political Economy , MEW 13, pp. 32-33; CPE, pp. 46-47. Cf. Marx, Grundrisse , GK, p. 440; G, pp. 541-542. [BACK]

68. Marx, Grundrisse , GK. p. 6; G, p. 84 (emphasis added). [BACK]

69. Marx, Capital , MEW 23, p. 52; C I, p. 534.

70. Ibid., p. 349; C I, p. 361.

71. Ibid., pp. 93, 618, 791; C I, pp. 91. 649, 837. [BACK]

69. Marx, Capital , MEW 23, p. 52; C I, p. 534.

70. Ibid., p. 349; C I, p. 361.

71. Ibid., pp. 93, 618, 791; C I, pp. 91. 649, 837. [BACK]

69. Marx, Capital , MEW 23, p. 52; C I, p. 534.

70. Ibid., p. 349; C I, p. 361.

71. Ibid., pp. 93, 618, 791; C I, pp. 91. 649, 837. [BACK]

72. Marx, "Marginal Notes to the Program of the German Workers' Party," MEW 19, p. 21; SW III, p. 19. [BACK]

73. Theodor Adorno, Minima Moralia , trans. Jephcott (London, 1974), p. 103 (§66). [BACK]

74. Marx, Grundrisse , GK, p. 599; G, p. 712.

75. Ibid., pp. 231, 426; G, pp. 324-325, 527-528.

76. Ibid., pp. 387-388; G, p. 488. [BACK]

74. Marx, Grundrisse , GK, p. 599; G, p. 712.

75. Ibid., pp. 231, 426; G, pp. 324-325, 527-528.

76. Ibid., pp. 387-388; G, p. 488. [BACK]

74. Marx, Grundrisse , GK, p. 599; G, p. 712.

75. Ibid., pp. 231, 426; G, pp. 324-325, 527-528.

76. Ibid., pp. 387-388; G, p. 488. [BACK]