1. See Eugene Garfield, "Which Medical Journals Have the Greatest Impact?" Annals of Internal Medicine 105 (August 1986): 313-320. [BACK]

2. David Bloor, Knowledge and Social Imagery, 2d ed. (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1991), 7, 175-179. [BACK]

3. Pam Scott, Evelleen Richards, and Brian Martin, "Captives of Controversy: The Myth of the Neutral Social Researcher in Contemporary Scientific Controversies," Science, Technology, & Human Values 15 (fall 1990): 475. [BACK]

4. For debates about "symmetry" and "neutrality," see Scott, Richards, and Martin, "Captives of Controversy"; H. M. Collins, "Captives and Victims: Comments on Scott, Richards, and Martin," Science, Technology, & Human Values 16 (spring 1991): 249-251. [BACK]

6. Michel Foucault, Power/Knowledge (New York: Pantheon, 1980), 83-85. [BACK]

7. On "situated knowledges," see Donna J. Haraway, Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature (New York: Routledge, 1991), chapter 9. [BACK]

8. For general procedures in performing content analysis, see Klaus Krippendorff, Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1980); Richard W. Budd, Robert K. Thorp, and Lewis Donohew, Content Analysis of Communication (New York: Macmillan, 1967). [BACK]

9. Eugene Garfield, ed., Science Citation Index Journal Citation Reports (Philadelphia: Institute for Scientific Information), 1985, 1986, 1987. [BACK]

10. Other specialty journals, such as the Journal of Biological Chemistry and the Journal of the American Chemical Society also ranked high on this list. But a check of the articles citing Gallo's paper revealed that practically no authors who wrote for these journals cited Gallo. Therefore, these journals were not included. [BACK]

11. Other medical journals, such as the WHO Technical Report Series, also ranked high on this list. But again, authors who wrote for these more specialized publications were not among those citing Gallo's paper. On medical publications, see also Garfield, "Which Medical Journals Have the Greatest Impact?" [BACK]

12. See C. Self, W. Filardo, and W. Lancaster, "Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and the Epidemic Growth of Its Literature," Scientometrics 17 (July 1989): 49-60; I. N. Sengupta and Lalita Kumari, "Bibliometric Analysis of AIDS Literature," Scientometrics 20 (January 1991): 297-315. [BACK]

13. I consulted the 1987 issue because the SCI does not report some citations until the year after their publication date. [BACK]

14. Garfield, "Which Medical Journals Have the Greatest Impact?" 313, 315. [BACK]

15. There were thirty-four such articles in the Annals of Internal Medicine, twenty-seven in JAMA, thirty-one in Lancet, nineteen in Nature, thirty-four in the New England Journal, thirty-three in the Proceedings, and sixty-six in Science. [BACK]

16. I looked at the citing sentence only, unless that sentence did not permit a determination. In that case, I looked at the three preceding and three subsequent sentences to see if they provided additional context. [BACK]

17. My original coding was more elaborate, differentiating between Gallo and the other coauthors and examining whether or not Gallo was the first author. In the end, there proved to be too few cases in most of these categories, so I combined the data, to distinguish simply between articles with an author from the Gallo group and articles without such an author. [BACK]

18. A comparison of the four medical journals as an aggregate versus the three general science journals as an aggregate did not reveal any interesting differences. Therefore, I do not report these data. [BACK]