The Power of the Gun
  Preface

  Introduction
 collapse section1—  Late Qing Military Organization
 •The Traditional Qing Military System and the Rise of the Yongying
 •The Political Legacy of Yongying Organization
 •Military Self-Strengthening in the Late Nineteenth Century
 •The Organization of the New Armies
 •Provincial Military Organization in Hunan and Hubei on the Eve of the Revolution
 •Conclusion
 collapse section2—  The Politicization of the Military:  The New Army and the 1911 Revolution
 •The Social Transformation of the New Army
 •The Politicization of the Military
 •The Revolutionary Movement in the Hubei and Hunan New Armies
 •The Wuchang Uprising
 •The Changsha Uprising
 •Conclusion
 collapse section3—  The Provincial Regimes of the Early Republic:  Civil Government under Military Governors
 •Continuity and Change in Local Administration
 •Civil Administration and Politics under the Provincial Military Governments
 •Hunan's "Civilian Military Governor"
 •The Consolidation of Hubei's Military Governorship
 •The Establishment of Hubei's Civil Governorship
 •Conclusion
 collapse section4—  Military Problems and Policies of the Provincial Regimes
 •The Impact of Military Expansion
 •Military Control and Discipline
 •The Political Threat of the Military
 •Disbandment in Hunan
 •Disbandment in Hubei
 •Conclusion
 collapse section5—  Centralization and the Provinces under the Dictatorship of Yuan Shikai
 •The Second Revolution
 •Centralization and the Demise of the Provincial Regimes
 •The Realignment of Central and Provincial Military Power
 •Military Governors and Central Control
 •Administrative Centralization in the Provinces
 •Political Authority and Coercion under the Dictatorship
 •Yuan's Monarchist Venture
 •Conclusion
 collapse section6—  The Anti-Monarchical War and the Inception of Warlordism
 •Wang Zhanyuan and the Beginning of Beiyang Warlordism
 •The Anti-Monarchical Struggle in Hubei and Hunan
 •The Fall of Tang Xiangming
 •The Restoration of Hunan's Provincialist Regime
 •The Consolidation of Wang Zhanyuan's Warlord Regime
 •Conclusion
 collapse section7—  The North-South War and the Triumph of Warlordism
 •Crisis at the Center and Beiyang Military Power
 •The North-South War—Stage One
 •The North-South War—Stage Two
 •Conclusion
 collapse section8—  Warlord Rule and the Failure of Civil Provincialism
 •The Northern Warlord Regimes of Hunan and Hubei
 •Military Organization and Autonomy in the Northern Warlord Regimes
 •The Independent Provincial Forces
 •The Fall of Zhang Jingyao
 •The Fall of Wang Zhanyuan
 •Conclusion
  Conclusion

  Appendix:  The Organizational Structure and Strength of Late Qing and Early Republican Armies
 collapse sectionNotes
 •Introduction
 •1— Late Qing Military Organization
 •2— The Politicization of the Military: The New Army and the 1911 Revolution
 •3— The Provincial Regimes of the Early Republic: Civil Government under Military Governors
 •4— Military Problems and Policies of the Provincial Regimes
 •5— Centralization and the Provinces under the Dictatorship of Yuan Shikai
 •6— The Anti-Monarchical War and the Inception of Warlordism
 •7— The North-South War and the Triumph of Warlordism
 •8— Warlord Rule and the Failure of Civil Provincialism
 •Conclusion
  Abbreviations
 collapse sectionGlossary
 •A
 •B
 •C
 •D
 •F
 •G
 •H
 •J
 •K
 •L
 •M
 •N
 •P
 •Q
 •R
 •S
 •T
 •W
 •X
 •Y
 •Z
  Works Cited
 collapse sectionIndex
 •A
 •B
 •C
 •D
 •E
 •F
 •G
 •H
 •I
 •J
 •K
 •L
 •M
 •N
 •O
 •P
 •Q
 •R
 •S
 •T
 •W
 •X
 •Y
 •Z
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