Y

Yang Wenkai, 211 -12, 366 n11

Yongying , in Qing dynasty:

absorbed by New Armies, 40 , 41 , 42 ;

compared with New Armies, 35 -37;

compared with Qing traditional military, 22 , 30 -32, 41 ;

compared with reorganized Hunan army, 237 ;

and emergence of warlordism, 24 -30, 35 -37;

financial support of, 23 , 27 -28;

organizational structure of, 22 -37;

and provincial governors, 24 -29;

and response to Taiping Rebellion, 22 , 50 ;

size of, 331 n64

Young, Ernest, 82 , 162 , 198 , 199 , 363 n112

Yu Chengge, 72 -73

Yu Hongqi, 131 , 155

Yu Qinyi, 134 , 342 n127

Yuan Shikai:

Beiyang Army created by, 34 , 35 -36, 37 , 329 n44;

nationalism espoused by, 36 ;

Western military system advocated by, 33 , 35

Yuan Shikai, as president of Republic of China, 35 , 81 , 108 , 143 ;

centralization of power by, 161 -66, 172 -78, 186 -95, 203 ;

civil governors appointed by, 188 -90, 203 ;

and civil-military relations,

111 , 182 , 187 , 188 -91, 203 ;

and command of Beiyang Army, 166 , 176 , 177 , 178 , 207 -8, 211 -13, 221 , 240 ;

and control of military governors, 166 , 167 , 175 , 176 , 186 -91, 194 , 203 , 208 -11;

death of, 205 , 220 , 223 , 227 , 245 , 343 n5;

and dependence on military force, 162 , 163 , 166 -72, 177 -86, 205 -6, 211 ;

foreign loans sought by, 165 -66, 167 ;

and Li Yuanhong, 108 , 111 , 157 , 158 , 167 -68, 169 , 175 -76;

monarchic status assumed by, 199 -204, 205 , 206 , 275 ;

monarchic status renounced by, 205 ;

National Assembly's dissolution by, 173 ;

National Assembly's opposition to, 164 -66, 167 , 173 ;

National Assembly's reelection of, 172 -73;

Nationalist Party as adversary of, 151 , 164 -65, 169 , 173 ;

Nationalist Party banned by, 173 , 176 ;

political dissent suppressed by, 173 , 176 , 195 -98;

provincial autonomy challenged by, 162 , 166 , 172 -77, 186 -94, 203 , 253 ;

and Second Revolution, 157 , 162 , 166 -72;

and Song Jiaoren's assassination, 165 , 166 ;

Tang Xiangming's betrayal of, 220 , 223 ;

and Wang Zhanyuan, 207 , 208 -13

Yunnan:

Anti-Monarchical War in, 205 , 210 , 214 , 219 ;

and Cai E's military governorship, 167 , 229 ;

civil-military relations in, 118 , 120 ;

fragmented militarism in, 7 ;

National Protection Movement in, 205 , 214 , 229 ;

New Army in, 37 , 120 , 330 n59, 335 n39;

and North-South War, 259 ;

and Tang Jiyao's military governorship, 254 , 291 , 294 , 309 , 310 ;

in warlord period, 291