Index
A
Abner of Burgos, missionizing efforts of, 165 -166, 203 n. 44
Abravanel, Isaac, defends rabbinic texts, 168 -169
Abstention, ritual, disputed interpretation of, 145 , 146 , 147 , 151 -153
Aggadic texts, argumentation based on:
at Barcelona confrontation, 79 , 91 , 96 -100;
in Commentary on the Aggadot of the Talmud,69 -70, 86 -88;
in Perushei Aggadot,140 -158 passim;
in Pugio Fidei,124 -126, 131 -133, 135 -136;
on redemption, 107 -108;
in Yeshucot[*]Meshiho[*] , 168 -169.
See also Rabbinic texts, argumentative use of
Alfonso of Vallolid, missionizing efforts of, 165 -166
Alphonsi, Peter, 185 n. 32
Anti-Christian treatises, pagan use of, 10
Anti-Jewish attitudes, 3 -4, 10 , 17 -18, 30 -33;
alternate analysis of, 2 -3, 170 -176;
at compulsory sermons, 47 ;
development of, 1 , 177 , 180 -181;
used by converts, 36 .
See also The Friars and the Jews: The Evolution of Medieval Anti-Judaism
Antiquity, legacy of, 22 , 26 -27
Aquinas, Saint Thomas, 27 ;
Christian rationality approach of, 51
Aragon, Iberian Peninsula, 25 ;
center of missionizing campaign, 5 ;
compulsory sermons in, 44
Argumentation, religious, aspects of, 15
Aristotle, philosophical influence of, 26 -27
B
Baptism, argumentation concerning, 54 , 61 -62
Barcelona confrontation of 1263:
alternate interpretation of, 170 -173;
analysis of, 71 -82, 89 -103, 106 ;
influence of, on Tortosa debate, 166 ;
political aspects of, 72 , 73 .
See also Mahazik Emunah; Pugio Fidei
Bible, Hebrew, 96 -97
Biblical interpretation, argumentative use of, 10 -11, 16 , 19 -20, 40 -42, 50 -51, 54 -66, 77 -79, 108 -111, 117 -118, 120 -131 passim, 143 , 147 , 149 , 152 , 163 , 166
Bishops, Roman Catholic, power of, 25
The Book of the Gentile and the Three Wise Men,5 , 162 -163, 178
Burials, violation of Jewish, 71
C
Campaign, missionizing:
alternate interpretation of, 2 -3, 170 -176;
and anti-Jewish attitudes, 1 , 177 , 180 -181;
coercive, 4 , 15 , 35 , 37 , 38 -48, 49 , 52 , 83 -84;
geographical center of, 4 -5;
to include gentiles, 8 -9, 10 , 28 -30;
lack of response to, 159 -160, 163 -165, 180 -181;
level of commitment to, 3 , 10 -13, 14 -21, 22 -24, 26 , 35 , 37 , 67 , 115 , 116 , 158 , 160 , 169 ; prioritized targets of, 35 ;
role of converts in, 35 -36.
See also Aggadic
texts, argumentation based on; Biblical interpretation, argumentative use of; Conversion of Jews; Rabbinic texts, argumentation based on
Castile, Spain, Christian, 25
Chamber of Hewn Stones, 120 -122
Christian goals:
conversion, 2 , 7 -8, 9 -10, 11 -13, 35 , 176 -177;
divine plan, 10 -11
Christianity:
evolution of, 7 -14, 21 -24, 25 -28;
irrationality of, 60 ;
linked with Judaism, 7 -11, 13 , 16 , 22 ;
rationality of, 17 , 20 , 22 , 51 -52;
truth of, as argument, 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 -11, 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 29 , 37 , 40 , 48 , 51 , 53 , 64 -65, 69 , 74 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 92 -93, 94 , 118 , 135 , 136 , 162 , 163 , 165 , 170 , 179 , 180 ;
vs. Judaism, 15 -16, 18 -21, 22 , 30 -37, 52 -53, 59 -61, 63 -66, 114 , 118 -119, 132 , 133 -134
Christian-Jewish argumentation:
disparity in, 137 -138;
pagan use of, 10
Christian-Jewish socioreligious interaction, 22 , 30 -33, 40 -41, 170 , 176 , 177
Christians:
at compulsory sermons, 46 -47;
judaizing among, 9 , 13 , 19 , 31 ;
Portuguese converts as New, 166 -167;
thirteenth-century, 2 , 25 -27
Christian Scriptures:
argumentation against, 54 ;
Judaic influence on, 9
Christian society:
change and growth in, 21 -24, 25 -28;
dominance of, 10 , 11 , 12 , 18 , 34 , 53 , 63 -64;
judgment on, 20 , 60 , 61 , 62 -63
Christological interpretation of Judaic texts, 11 , 16 , 19 -20, 23 -24, 33 -34, 50 -51, 67 -68, 69 , 72 -73, 74 , 76 -77, 78 -79, 82 , 86 -87, 90 -94, 100 , 107 -108, 112 -113, 116 -135 passim, 155 -157, 175 -176;
results of, 159 -161, 163 -169
Circumcision, argumentation concerning, 42 , 54 , 129 , 131 , 132 , 133
Civilization:
divine plan for, 10 -11;
European, 25 -26
Clement IV, pope, supportive of Friar Paul Christian, 70
Clothing, Jewish, legislating of, 31 , 71
Commandments:
categories of, 129 -130, 141 -142, 147 ;
defended, 60 -61, 96 -97, 146 ;
disputed annulment of, 105 , 106 , 107 -108, 111 -113, 114 , 149 -150, 153 ;
disputed interpretation of, 143 -153.
See also Jewish law
Commentary on the Aggodot of the Talmud, argumentation in, 69 -70, 86 -88
Confession, criticism of, 62
Conversion of Jews, 2 , 22 -23, 34 , 35 -36, 159 , 160 , 166 -167;
coercive, 4 , 38 -48, 49 , 161 ;
and divine plan, 10 -11;
essential elements in, 3 , 14 , 15 -21, 38 ;
Palestinian, 7 -8;
Portuguese, 166 -167;
as traditional Christian goal, 2 , 7 -8, 9 -10, 11 -13, 36 -37, 176 -177, 179 -180.
See also Campaign, missionizing
Conversion of non-Jews, 8 -9, 10 -11, 28 -30
Cornelius (Christian gentile), 8
Cosmological timetable, and advent of Messiah, 127 -128
Court, papal:
and anti-Talmud charges, 33 -34;
power of, 25
Courts, Jewish, argumentation concerning, 121 -122, 123 , 144 -145
Crusades, against Jews, 1 , 12 , 13 , 22 . See also Muslims
Crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth, punishment for, 11
D
David Kimhi, rabbi, use of, in Pugio Fidei,116 , 123 , 130
Death, alternative to conversion, 1 , 4 , 12 -13
Debates, Christian-Jewish, 15 , 49 , 161 . See also Barcelona confrontation of 1263
Divine plan, Jewish role in, 10 -11
Dominican Order:
at Barcelona confrontation, 73 , 76 , 84 , 89 , 94 , 96 , 100 ;
and coercive missionizing, 37 , 38 -39, 45 , 46 ;
against heresy, 27 -28;
See also Aquinas, Saint Thomas; Paul Christian, Friar; Raymond Martin, Friar; Raymond of Penyafort, Friar
Donin, Nicholas, polemics against the Talmud, 33 -34, 38
E
Ecclesiastical organization, Christian. See Dominican Order; Franciscan Order; Roman Catholic Church
Economic activity, Jewish, moneylending, 18 , 32 , 49 , 52 , 60 , 71
Economic dominance, Christian, and religious truth, 18
Edward I, king of England, and coercive missionizing, 45
Eliezer ben Yose, rabbi, 132
Elijah, 124 -125
England:
Christian, 25 ;
compulsory sermons in, 45
Exile, Jewish:
and advent of Messiah, 58 -59, 70 , 104 -106, 109 -110, 114 , 144 ;
argumentation concerning, 53 , 65 -66, 153 -157.
See also Sins, punishment for
Exodus, remembrance of:
interpretation of, 113 , 151 -153;
to be superseded by messianic miracles, 130 -131.
See also Passover, ritual of
Ezekiel, prohibition of, 42
cEzer[ *]ha-Emunah, argumentation in, 165 -166
F
Faith, religious, Rabbi Solomon ibn Adret on, 140 -142
France:
Christian, 25 ;
compulsory sermons in, 39 , 43 , 44 ;
Talmud outlawed in, 34
Franciscan Order:
and coercive missionizing, 37 , 38 -49;
against heresy, 28 ;
against Talmud, 34
Francis Machado, friar, 166 -167
The Friars and the Jews:
The Evolution of Medieval Anti-Judaism,2 -3;
alternate views of, 170 -175
G
Gentiles, missionizing among, 8 -9, 10 , 28 -30
German crusades, against Jews, 1 , 12 , 13 , 22
Germany, Christian, 25
Gospels, 8
Greco-Romans, missionizing among, 9
H
Halachic texts. See Jewish law
Hamez[ *] , prohibition of, 151 -153
Hebrew Bible, 96 -97
Hebrew language, skill in, 23 , 43
Heretics, Christian, 12 -13, 26 -28;
as missionizing target, 35
History, human:
cosmological timetable for, 127 -128;
divine plan for, 10 -11
Horns of Israel, argumentation concerning, 131 -133
I
Iberian Peninsula, 5
Incarnation, doctrine of, argumentation on, 60 , 80 , 81 , 114
Intellectual growth, Christian, 21 -22, 26 -27
Isaac ben Yedaiah, rabbi, argumentation of, 69 -70, 86 , 88
Islam, world of. See Muslims
Israel, biblical, and Roman Catholic Church, 16
J
Jacob ben Reuben, Jewish argumentation of, 20 , 165
James I, king of Aragon, and missionizing effort, 4 , 38 , 44 , 45 -46, 52 , 73 , 74 , 76 , 102
Jerusalem, loss of, 11 , 28 , 58 , 110
Jesus of Nazareth:
Christian-Jewish argumentation concerning, 69 -70, 74 , 77 , 79 -81, 87 , 91 , 92 -96, 100 , 117 -118, 121 , 122 , 126 -129, 153 -154, 155 ;
considered a sorcerer, 41 -42;
as Messiah, 8 -9, 15 -16, 60 ;
rejected as Messiah, 11 , 54 -59, 60 ,
See also Messiah, advent of the
Jewish, anti-, attitudes, 3 -4, 10 , 17 -18, 30 -33;
alternate analysis of, 2 -3, 170 -176;
at compulsory sermons, 47 ;
development of, 1 , 177 , 180 -181;
used by converts, 36 .
See also The Friars and the Jews: The Evolution of Medieval Anti-Judaism
Jewish badge, 71
Jewish burials, violation of, 71
Jewish-Christian argumentation:
disparity in, 137 -138;
pagan use of, 10
Jewish-Christian socioreligious interaction, 22 , 30 -33, 40 -41, 170 , 176 , 177
Jewish communities, locations of, 11 -12, 19
Jewish courts, argumentation concerning, 121 -122, 123 , 144 -145
Jewish exile:
and advent of Messiah, 58 -59, 70 , 104 -106, 109 -110, 114 , 144 ;
argumentation concerning, 53 , 65 -66, 153 -157.
See also Sins, punishment for
Jewish law:
alternate view of annulment of, 170 -173;
annulment of, 8 -9, 18 , 82 , 105 , 106 , 107 -108, 111 -113, 129 -133, 142 , 143 -145, 147 -148, 149 -150, 153 ;
and coercive missionizing, 41 -42, 43 , 45 ;
disputes concerning, 53 , 55 -56, 69 , 80 , 97 , 117 , 118 -119, 142 , 145 -153.
See also Commandments
Jewish people:
as minority, 10 , 11 , 30 , 53 ;
status and fate of, 16 , 63 -66, 77 , 80 , 81 , 133 -135, 136 , 153 -154, 157 -158;
thirteenth-century, 3 -4, 169 -170, 180 -181
Jewish political authority, and advent of Messiah, 77 -78, 90 -91, 120 -121, 123 , 143 -144, 145
Jewish Prayer service, attack on, 71
Jewish Scriptures. See Biblical interpretation, argumentative use of
Jewish Society, 19 ;
criticism of, 17 -18;
judgment on, 60 -61
Jews, conversion of, 2 , 22 -23, 34 , 35 -36, 159 , 160 , 166 -167;
coercive, 4 , 38 -48, 49 , 161 ;
and divine plan, 10 -11;
essential elements in, 3 , 14 , 15 -21, 38 ;
Palestinian, 7 -8;
Portuguese, 166 -167;
as traditional Christian goal, 2 , 7 -8, 9 -10, 11 -13, 36 -37, 176 -177, 179 -180.
See also Campaign, missionizing
Joachim da Fiora, argumentation of, 23
Joshua ben Levi, 124 -125
Judah, authority of, argumentation concerning, 77 , 90 -91, 120 , 121 , 123 , 143
Judaic traditions, argumentation concerning, 129 -130, 132 -133, 145 , 146 , 147 , 148 -149, 151 -153
Judaism:
legitimacy of, 10 , 30 -31, 34 , 39 , 41 , 42 -43, 176 ;
linked with Christianity, 7 -11, 13 , 16 , 22 ;
truth of, 9 , 17 , 19 , 51 , 59 -60, 65 , 66 , 108 , 111 , 141 , 146 ;
vs. Christianity, 15 -16, 18 -21, 22 , 30 -37, 52 -53, 59 -61, 63 -66, 114 , 118 -119, 132 , 133 -134;
vigor of, 12 , 24 , 114 , 159 -160, 163 -164, 170 , 172 , 180
Judaizing, among Christians, 9 , 13 , 19
Julian, emperor of Rome, 10
K
Koran, use of, in missionizing effort, 23 , 28 -29. See also Muslims
L
Language skills, need for, 23 , 29 , 30 , 47 -48, 116 -117, 161 , 162
Law, Jewish:
alternate view of annulment of, 170 -173;
annulment of, 8 -9, 18 , 82 , 105 , 106 , 107 -108, 111 -113, 129 -133, 142 , 143 -145, 147 -148, 149 -150, 153 ;
and coercive missionizing, 41 -42, 43 , 45 ;
disputes concerning, 53 , 55 -56, 69 , 80 , 97 , 117 , 118 -119, 142 , 145 -153.
See also Commandments
Legislation, social, anti-Jewish, 31 -32
ha-Lorki-Gerónimo, Joshua, in Tortosa debate, 166
Louis IX, king of France: and coercive missionizing, 4 , 44 , 102 ;
against Talmud, 33 -34
Lull, Raymond, missionizing efforts of, 5 , 161 -163, 178
M
argumentation in, 103 -114, 129
Marriage, Christian-Jewish, prohibited, 31
Mazah[ *] , argumentation concerning, 151 -153
Mehokek[ *] , Christological interpretation of, 121 , 123 -124
Meir ben Simon, rabbi, 49 , 50 . See also Milhemet[*]Mizvah[*]
Messiah, advent of: alternate argumentation on, 170 -172, 173 ;
Christian-Jewish argumentation concerning, 57 -59, 64 , 69 -70, 74 , 75 -76, 77 , 78 -82, 86 -88, 90 -96, 104 -108, 109 -113, 114 , 117 -118, 120 -129, 131 , 134 , 135 , 142 -145, 149 -150, 153 , 166 , 168 -169;
as core argument, 8 , 16 , 51 .
See also Jesus of Nazareth
argumentation in, 19 -20
Milhemet Mizvah : on missionizing, 39 -44, 49 -51, 52 -66, 69 ;
on moneylending, 52
Military dominance, Christian, and religious truth, 18
Miracles, 130 -131;
prophetic fulfillment of, refuted, 56 -57
Mirror of the New Christians,166 -167
Missionizing campaign:
alternate interpretation of, 2 -3, 170 -176;
and anti-Jewish attitudes, 1 , 177 , 180 -181;
coercive, 4 , 15 , 35 , 37 , 38 -48, 49 , 52 , 83 , 84 ;
geographical center of, 4 -5;
to include gentiles, 8 -9, 10 , 28 -30;
lack of response to, 159 -160, 163 -165, 180 -181;
level of commitment to, 3 , 10 -13, 14 -21, 22 -24, 26 , 35 , 37 , 67 , 115 , 116 , 158 , 160 , 169 ;
prioritized targets of, 35 ;
role of converts in, 35 -36.
See also Aggadic texts, argumentation based on; Biblical interpretation, argumentative use of; Conversion of Jews; Rabbinic Texts, argumentation based on
Monasteries, compulsory sermons in, 46
Moneylending, disputed issue of, 18 , 32 , 49 , 52 , 60 , 71
Mordechai ben Joseph, rabbi, 137 , 157 -158;
argumentation of, 103 -114
Moses ben Nahman, rabbi, 88 -89, 98 , 137 , 157 -158;
alternate view on, 171 -173;
on Christian rationality, 52 ;
on coercive missionizing, 43 , 44 ;
influence of, on Pugio Fidei,115 , 119 , 120 , 124 , 135 -136;
report of, on Barcelona confrontation, 71 -80 passim, 101 -103, 197 n. 40;
strategy of, in Barcelona confrontation, 89 -100.
See also Barcelona confrontation of 1263
Moses of Tordesillas, rabbi, argumentation of, 165 -166
Muslims, 5 , 12 , 27 -28, 58 , 64 , 141 ;
crusades against and missionizing among, 5 , 28 -30, 35 , 38 -39, 45 , 161 -163, 178 , 202 n. 13
N
Nahmanides. See Moses ben Nahman, rabbi
Nicholas III, pope, and coercive missionizing, 44
O
Odo (Christian cleric), argumentation of, 22 , 23
cOlam[*] , interpretation of, 129 , 130 , 149
Oral law, tradition of, rejected, 119
P
Pagans, missionizing among, 9 , 10 -11
Palaces, royal, compulsory sermons in, 46
Palestinian Jews:
condemnation of Jesus of Nazareth by, 54 -55;
missionizing among, 7 -8
Papal bull of 1278, 45
Papal court:
and anti-Talmud charges, 33 -34;
power of, 25
Paris, France:
compulsory sermons in, 45 , 47 ;
Paschal lamb, argumentation concerning, 151 -153
Passover, ritual of, argumentation concerning, 129 , 148 -149, 151 -153
Paul, Apostle, 8 -9
Paul Christian, friar, 43 , 70 -71, 157 -158;
alternate view on, 170 -173;
compared with Friar Raymond Martin, 115 -136 passim, 137 ;
on Jewish law, 142 ;
language proficiency of, 47 -48;
missionizing efforts of, 4 , 44 , 45 -46, 83 -85, 102 , 163 ;
strategies of, in Barcelona confrontation, 76 -77, 90 -98.
See also Barcelona confrontation of 1263
Perushei Aggodot, analysis of, 140 -158 passim
Peter, disciple, 8
Peter III, king of Aragon, and coercive missionizing, 44
Peter III, pope, on compulsory sermons, 45 , 47
Peter the Venerable, argumentation of, 23 -24, 29
Pharisees, condemnation of Jesus of Nazareth by, 55 -56
Philosophic inquiry, and truth of Christianity, 17 , 26 -27, 51 -52, 170
Political advantage, Judaism as, 10 -11
Political authority, Jewish, and advent of Messiah, 77 -78, 90 -91, 120 -121, 123 , 143 -144, 145
Political dominance, Christian, 25 ;
and religious truth, 18
Portuguese converts, as New Christians, 166 -167
Preachers, Christian, language proficiency of, 23 , 47 -48, 161
Prayer service, Jewish, attack on, 71
Prophets, texts of, argumentation based on, 50 -51, 57 -58, 65 -66, 78 , 87 , 90 -91, 110 , 149 -150
Public office, Jews in, prohibited, 31
Pugio Fidei:
alternate analysis of, 170 , 173 -175;
analysis of, 116 -136 passim, 163 , 178 -179;
influence of, in missionizing effort, 1 , 100 , 115 , 136 , 161 ;
vs. Perushei Aggadot,139 -140, 143 , 144 -145, 148 , 153 -154, 156
R
Rabbinic texts, argumentation based on, 23 -24, 119 , 179 ;
alternate view on, 171 -173, 174 -175;
Christological, 11 , 23 -24, 33 -34, 50 -51, 67 -68, 69 , 72 -73, 74 , 76 -77, 78 -79, 82 , 86 -88, 90 -94, 100 , 107 -108, 112 -113, 116 -135 passim, 155 -157, 163 -166, 167 , 168 -169, 170 , 175 -176;
results of, 159 -161, 163 -169.
See also Commentary on the Aggodot of the Talmud; Perushei Aggadot; Talmud
Rabbis, at Talmud trial, 34
Rashba. See Solomon ibn Adret, rabbi
Rationality, Christian approach of, 17 , 20 , 22 , 51 -52
Raymond Martin, friar, 115 , 157 -158;
alternate view on, 173 -175;
analysis of Pugio Fidei,116 -136 passim, 137 , 138 ;
in argumentative contact(?) with Rabbi Solomon ibn Adret, 139 -140;
engaged in converting Muslims, 30 , 202 n. 13
Raymond of Penyafort, friar, 115 , 162 ;
at Barcelona confrontation, 74 -75;
compulsory sermons by, 44 , 52 ;
engaged in converting Muslims, 29 -30;
and Pugio Fidei,116
Redemption, age of:
argumentation concerning, 8 -9, 16 , 20 -21, 50 , 58 -59, 65 , 104 -106, 107 -108, 109 -110, 114 , 118 , 128 , 133 , 147 , 153 -157;
Roman Catholic Church, 2 , 25 , 27 -28;
and biblical Israel, 16 ;
on compulsory sermons, 38 -39, 45 ;
and forced conversion, 1 , 13 , 39 ;
legislation of, against Jews, 31 -32;
and legitimizing of Judaism, 10 , 30 -31, 34 , 39 , 41 , 42 -43, 176 ;
and missionizing effort,
26 , 35 , 37 , 38 , 160 -161, 163 , 169 , 180 ;
on moneylending, 32 ;
against Talmud, 33 .
See also Dominican Order; Franciscan Order; Paul Christian, friar; Raymond Martin, friar; Raymond of Penyafort, friar
Roman Empire, expansion of Christianity in, 9 , 10 , 11 -12, 18
S
Sabbath, argumentation concerning, 129 , 131 , 132 , 133
Sacrifices, annulment of, 112 , 148 -149
Salvation. See Redemption, age of
Sanhedrin, Great, 121 -122, 123 , 145 . See also Jewish courts; Jewish law
Saracens. See Muslims
Scriptures, Christian: argumentation against, 54 ;
Judaic influence on, 9
Scriptures, Jewish. See Biblical interpretation, argumentative use of
Sefer Nizah[*]on Yashan, on biblical interpretation, 51 , 54
Sefer Yosef ha-Mekane, on biblical interpretation, 51 , 54
Sermons, missionizing, compulsory, 4 , 15 , 35 , 38 -48, 52 , 161 ;
sites of, 46 -47
Shemac[*] , recitation of, disputed interpretation of, 153
Shevet, Christological interpretation of, 121 , 123
Shiloh, Christological translation of, 121 , 143
Simon bar Kokhba, rejected as Messiah, 126
Simon bar Yohai, rabbi, 132
Sin, original, 118 . See also Redemption, age of
Sins:
punishment for, 70 , 127 , 132 , 134 , 150 , 151 -152, 154 -157
Slaves, Jewish ownership of, prohibited, 31
Social dominance, Christian, and religious truth, 18
Society, Christian:
change and growth in, 21 -24, 25 -28;
dominance of, 10 , 11 , 12 , 18 , 34 , 53 , 63 -64;
judgment on, 20 , 60 , 61 , 62 -63
Society, European, 12 , 25 -26
Society, Jewish, 19 ;
criticism of, 17 -18;
judgment on, 60 -61
Sociological context, of earliest Christianity, 7
Socioreligious interaction, Jewish-Christian, 22 , 30 -33, 40 -41, 170 , 176 , 177
Solomon ben Isaac, rabbi, use of, in Pugio Fidei,116
Solomon ibn Adret, rabbi, 138 -139;
analysis of Perushei Aggadot,140 -158 passim;
in argumentative contact(?) with Friar Raymond Martin, 139 -140
Sorcerer, commandment against, 41 -42
Spanish Church, missionizing effort of, 5 , 29
Summa contra gentiles, rational Christian approach of, 51 -52
Synagogue, compulsory Christian sermons in, 42 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 83
T
Talmud, 96 -97;
argumentation and trial against, 23 -24, 33 -34, 38 , 71 , 175 -176.
See also Aggadic texts, argumentation based on; Rabbinic texts, argumentation based on
Temple, First, destruction of, 134 , 154 -156
Temple, Second, destruction of, 11 , 58 , 77 , 79 , 92 , 94 , 96 , 97 , 99 , 105 , 122 , 124 -125, 126 , 134 , 144 -145, 154 -156
argumentation based on, 53 , 55 , 58 , 59 , 60 -61, 65 , 69 , 109 -111, 149 , 150 ;
prediction of new, 130 -131.
See also Commandments; Jewish law
Tortosa missionizing debate, 88 , 166
Traditions, Judaic, argumentation concerning, 129 -130, 132 -133, 145 , 146 , 147 , 148 -149, 151 -153
Trinity concept, argumentation on, 60 , 80 , 84 , 118
Universities, European:
founding of, 26 , influence of, 28
Usury, Jewish. See Moneylending, disputed issue of
W
World view, Jewish, Christian awareness of, 14 -15, 21 , 23 , 37 , 66 , 67 , 175
Y
Yeshucot[*]Meshiho[*] , on rabbinic texts, 168 -169
Ysagoge in Theologiam, argumentation in, 22 -23
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