I
Identification:
boys with fathers, 138 , 155 , 192 , 197 -98;
boys with mothers, 78 -80, 82 , 87 , 94 , 155 , 196 ;
females with men, 138 , 151 , 154 -155, 178 -79, 287 n.55;
girls with mothers, 83 , 184 , 189 , 192 -93, 196 , 198 -200, 290 -91n.29;
heterosexuality and, 154 -55;
infant-mother, 4 , 78 -80, 82 , 87 , 94 , 107 , 108 , 155 , 189 , 196 ;
Parsons's definition of, 107 ;
women with women, 154 , 155 , 234
Identity, gender, 14 , 195 -202;
and gender role, 196 , 203 , 290 n.23;
and heterosexuality, 89 , 117 , 118 -19, 124 -25, 155 , 160 -61, 186 , 193 , 196 -98, 202 , 205 , 251 -52, 290 n.18;
male homosexuals and, 147 ;
mothering and, 188 -89, 192 -93, 196 , 197 , 198 -200;
paternal, 197 -98;
peer groups and, 4 , 113 -15, 117 , 118 , 155 ;
vs. sexual orientation, 103 , 147 , 205 , 208 .
See also Female gender identity; Male gender identity
Igbo, 226
Illich, Ivan, 294 n.1
Impregnation:
fathering defined as, 5 ;
femininity in terms of, 157 -58, 190 ;
secondary role of, 27 -28
In a Different Voice (Gilligan), 46 -50
Incest, 158 ;
father-daughter, 130 -31, 158 , 165 -78, 262 -63, 296 n.23;
motherson taboo greater than father-daughter, 130 , 160 , 165 , 169 , 170 , 174 ;
prostitutes and, 210 ;
sibling, 118
Incest continuum, 158 , 168 -74
Inclusion, 18 -22, 25 , 42 , 49 , 208 . See also Assimilation
Income. See Earnings
Independence. See Autonomy/Independence
Individualism, 10 , 14 , 17 , 91 , 232 , 246 -70;
and equality, 10 , 232 , 238 -39, 245 , 247 , 256 , 264 ;
feminism and, 10 , 17 , 239 , 245 , 251 , 267 ;
and gender blindness, 246 , 249 , 250 , 256 ;
vs. maternal values, 14 , 247 , 266 , 267 ;
and matrifocality, 245 , 266 ;
and new love ethic, 247 , 258 -59;
nuclear family and, 222 , 232 , 247 -50, 257 -69;
and Protestantism, 222 , 232 ;
and reconstructing marriage, 14 , 258 -61;
and sexism, 247 -57;
and wife role, 239 , 242 , 246 ,
Individuation: gender differences in, 103 -4.
See also Autonomy/Independence; Separation
Indonesian societies, 226
Industrialization (1800s), 17 , 160 , 168 , 231 -32
Infants:
autonomy developing in, 92 -93;
erotic domination and, 89 ;
and fear and envy hypothesis, 72 , 73 -74, 76 -77, 82 -83;
ideation of, 76 , 87 , 91 -94;
interactions of, 12 , 107 -8, 133 , 196 ;
primary process thinking of, 72 , 76 ;
symbiosis/merging with mother by, 82 , 87 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 102 , 196 ;
women's mothering and, 12 , 72 -77 passim, 82 -83, 87 , 92 , 96 , 97 , 101 -2, 107 -8, 133
Instrumentality, 45 , 54 , 69 , 276 -77 n.20;
in Adjective Check List, 54 -56, 57 , 68 ;
defining, 45 , 52 , 59 , 276 n.17;
fathers encouraging in sons, 129 ;
Parsons's distinction of expressiveness from, 44 , 45 , 49 , 52 -53, 57 , 59 , 275 -76 nn.8, 16, 17
Interactions:
children's informal, 68 , 112 -17;
father-child, 132 -33, 139 -44;
infant, 12 , 107 -8, 133 , 196 ;
male domination in, 112 , 115 -17, 124 , 133 , 139 -40, 143 -44;
mother-child, 12 , 107 -8, 109 , 132 -33, 136 , 141 , 196 (see also Symbiosis/Merging);
and self-development, 11 -12, 93 -94, 95 , 107 -8;
sexual, 124 , 139 -44, 214 (see also Sexual activity)
Intercourse, sexual:
activity vs. passivity in, 9 , 190 , 220 ;
marriage symbolized by, 36 ;
masculinity confirmed by, 118 -19;
relational context for, 213 ;
sex role vs. gender role and, 291 n.38;
sexuality reducible to, 194 ;
Victorian fertility control and, 207 -8
Interdependence, 69 , 92 , 95 , 266 ;
vs. dependence, 13 , 44 , 46 , 48 , 60 -62, 219 ;
and sexuality, 218 -19;
in women's moral thinking, 24 , 46 , 48 -49.
See also Expressiveness/Relationality
"Interpersonal sensitivity," 68
Intersubjectivity, 93 , 218 -19
Isolation. See Privatization/Isolation, of family