Preferred Citation: Cole, J. R. I. Roots of North Indian Shi'ism in Iran and Iraq: Religion and State in Awadh, 1722-1859. Berkeley:  University of California Press,  c1988 1988. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft0f59n6r9/


 

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Unpublished Sources

Arabic

Akbarabadi, Mirza ‘Ali. "Sabikat al-lujjayn fi'l-farq bayn al-fariqayn." Rampur. Raza Lib. Usul al-Fiqh, MS 2164.

Akbarabadi, Mirza Muhammad Nishapuri. "Macawil al-cuqul." Lahore. Punjab Univ. Lib., MS 514.

‘Ali Akhbari, Sayyid Fida. "Risalah fi radd hujjat al-ijmac." Lucknow. Nasiriyyah Lib. Usul al-Fiqh Shi‘ah, MS 31.

Ardistani, Sayyid ‘Abbas. "Al-hisn al-matin fi ahwal al-wuzara' wa's-salatin." 2 vols. New Delhi. Nat'l Archives of India, MSS 235a, 235b.

Astarabadi, Muhammad Amin "Al-fawa'id al-Madaniyyah." Lucknow. Nasiriyyah Lib. Usul al-Fiqh Shi‘ah, MS 49.

‘Azimabadi, Hasan. "Majmucat rasa'il." Lucknow. Nasiriyyah Lib. Fiqh Shi‘ah, MS 200.

———. "Risalah fi mashi'at Allah." Lucknow. Nasiriyyah Lib ‘Aqa'id Shi‘ah. Unlocated.

Barelavi, Husayn ‘Ali Khan. "Risalah fi'l-akhbar." Lucknow. Nasiriyyah Lib. Usul al-Fiqh Shi‘ah, MS 33.

Karaki, ‘Ali al-. "Al-Jacfarivyah fi ahkam as-salah." Patna. Khudabakhsh Oriental Public Lib., MS 844.

Kashmiri, Sayyid Najaf ‘Ali Fayzabadi. "Al-caqa'id an-Najafiyyah fi'l-usul ad-Diniyyah." Lucknow· Nasiriyyah Lib. ‘Aqa'id Shi‘ah, MS 63.

Kinturi, Sayyid Icjaz Husayn "Shudhur al-ciqyan fi tarajim al-acyan." 2 vols. Calcutta. Nat'l Lib. Buhar Coll., MSS 278-279.

Mawdudi, Sayyid ‘Ali Akbar. "Al-fawa'id al-Mawdudiyyah." India Office. Delhi Coll., MS 953c.

Nasirabadi, Sayyid Dildar ‘Ali. "‘Imad al-Islam fi cilm al-kalam." 5 vols. Lucknow. Nasiriyyah Lib., MSS 163-167.

———. "Itharat al-ahzan." Patna. Khudabakhsh Oriental Public Lib., MS H.L. 2292.

———. "Risalah fi ahkam al-aradin." Rampur Raza Lib. Fiqh, MS 2842.

———. "Ash-shihab ath-thaqib" India Office, MS 2182.

Nasirabadi, Sayyid Husayn. "Al-hashiyah cala Sadra." Rampur. Raza Lib., MS 2182.

———. "Majmucat al-fawa'id al-Husayniyyah." Lucknow Nasiriyyah Lib. ‘Aqa'id Shi‘ah, MS 101.

Nasirabadi, Sayyid Muhammad. "Ihya'al-ijtihad." Lucknow· Nasiriyyah Lib. Usul al-Fiqh Shi‘ah, MS 1.


297

———. "Risalah fi ithbat al-bisharat min at-tawrah wa'l-injil." Lucknow. Nasiriyyah Lib. Kalam Shi‘ah. Unlocated.

Nasirabadi, Sayyid Muhammad Taqi. "Hidayat al-mustarshidin." Lucknow Nasiriyyah Lib. Usul al-Fiqh Shi‘ah, MS 68.

Rashti, Sayyid Kazim. "Risalah fi'l-usul." Lucknow. Nasiriyyah Lib. Usul al-Fiqh Shi‘ah. MS 29. The work is actually on dialectical theology.

Shirvani, Abu'l-Fadl ‘Abbas Yamani. "Rawdat as-saha." Allahabad, MS in the private collection of Mr. Jalal Uddin. Correspondence of the editor's father, some with the mujtahids in Lucknow.

Shushtari, Sayyid Muhammad ‘Abbas. "Awraq adh-dhahab," Lucknow. Nasiriyyah Lib. Adab ‘Arabi, MS 4.

———. "Al-macadin adh-dhahabiyyah." Rampur. Raza Lib Adab ‘Arabi, MS 4446

———. "Makatib ‘Arabiyyah" Lucknow. Nasiriyyah Lib Adab ‘Arabi, MS 41.

——— "Nur al-absar." Lucknow. Nasiriyyah Lib Usul al-Fiqh Shi‘ah, MS 65.

———. Edited. "Az-zill al-mamdud." Lucknow, MS in the library of the Raja of Mahmudabad. An important collection of letters among the ulama, including correspondence from the shrine cities in Iraq, compiled in 1849.

Shushtari, Nuru'llah. "Al-lumcah fi tahqiq salat al-jumcah" Lucknow Nasiriyyah Lib. Fiqh Shi‘ah, MS 187

Persian

Collections

Allahabad, Regional Archives; New Delhi, Nat'l Archives of India.

Manuscripts

"A'inah-'i haqq-nama" Lucknow. Nasiriyyah Lib Rijal Shi‘ah, MS 1. The official anonymous biography of Sayyid Dildar ‘Ali Nasirabadi, written in Lucknow around 1816.

‘Ali, Incam. "Awsaf al-Asaf" Aligarh Muslim Univ. Farsi Tarikh, MS 25

‘Ali Akhbari, Sayyid Fida. "Risalah-'i hurmat-i shurb-i dukhan" Lucknow Nasiriyyah Lib. Fiqh Shi‘ah, MS 113.

‘Azimabadi, Hasan, trans. "Tarjamah-'i 'Hayat an-nafs fi khatirat al-quds.'" Calcutta. Asiatic Soc. Lib. Curzon Coll, MS 1057.

Barelavi, Husayn ‘Ali Khan "Madhammat al-ijtihad." Lucknow, MS in the library of the Raja of Mahmudabad.

———. "Muctamad ash-Shi‘ah." Lucknow. Nasiriyyah Lib Kalam Shi‘ah, MS 206.

———. "Risalah dar bayan-i farq bayn-i akhbari va usuli." Lucknow. Nasiriyyah Lib. Kalam Shi‘ah, MS 206.

Barelavi, Subhan ‘Ali Khan. "Rasa'il." Lucknow Nasiriyyah Lib. Kalam Shi‘ah, MS 134

Bihbahani, Aqa Ahmad. "'Iqd al-jawahir al-hisan." Lucknow. Nasiriyyah Lib. Fiqh Shi‘ah, MS 177.

——— "Mir'at al-ahval-i jahan-nama." Calcutta. Nat'l Lib. Buhar Coll., MS 96. Also British Lib. Add 24,052.


298

———. "Su'al va javab." Lucknow. Nasiriyyah Lib. Fiqh Shi‘ah, MS 154.

———. "Tanbih al-ghafilin." Lucknow. Nasiriyyah. Lib. Usul al-Fiqh Shi‘ah, MS 10.

Bilgrami, Sayyid Muhammad. "Tabsirat an-nazirin." Patna. Khudabakhsh Oriental Public Lib., MS H.L. 58

Das, Harcharan "Chahar gulzar-i shujaci." British Lib, Or. 1732.

Fayzabadi, Haydar ‘Ali. "Risalat al-makatib fi ru'yat ath-thacalib wa'l-gharabib." Calcutta. Asiatic Soc. Lib Curzon Coll., MS 1069.

Fayzbakhsh, Muhammad. "Risalah dar ahval-i zamindaran-i Kakori." Calcutta. Asiatic Soc. Lib Curzon Coll., MS 87.

———. "Tarikh-i farahbakhsh." Aligarh Muslim Univ ‘Abdus Salam Coll., MS 486/7.

Husayn Khan, Ghulam. "Balwand-namah." Ed. Subhan ‘Ali Khan. New Delhi. Nat'l Archives of India MS 2210.

Ilahabadi, Khayru'd-Din Muhammad "‘Ibrat-namah" Volume 2. New Delhi. Nat'l Archives of India, MS 405

———. "Tadhkirat al-‘ulama'" Calcutta. Asiatic Soc Lib, MS 203.

———. "Tuhfah-'i tazah" Iudia Office, MS 483.

In-sha'a'llah Khan, Mir. "Lata'if as-sacadah." British Lib. Or. 2021.

Isfahani, ‘Abdu'l-‘Azim Husayni. "Al-maqami cal-Haydariyyah." India Office. Delhi Coll., MS 1190e.

Lakhnavi, Abu Muhammad "Muhammad Aman" "Vajizah dar salat-i jumcah." Lucknow. Nasiriyyah Lib. Kalam Shi‘ah, MS 206.

Lakhnavi, Musharraf ‘Ali Khan. "Izahat al-ghayy fi radd ‘Abdu'l-Hayy." India Office. Delhi Coll, MS 312b

Lakhnavi, Sayyid Ahmad ‘Ali. "Risalah fi'l-usul wa'l-akhbar" Aligarh Muslim Univ Qutbu'd-Din Coll, MS 43/5.

Lalji. "Sultan al-hikayat-i shahan-i Avadh." India Office, MS 3902

Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir "Risalah-'i sifat-i subutiyyah va salbiyyah." Lucknow Nasiriyyah Lib ‘Aqa'id, MS 41.

Muhtashim Khan, Muhammad "Tarikh-i Muhtashim Khani." Patna. Khudabaksh Oriental Public Lib., MS H L. 156.

Nasirabadi, Sayyid Dildar ‘Ali. "Ajwibat as-sa'ilin." Comp. Abu Muhammad "Muhammad Aman" Calcutta. Asiatic Soc. Lib Curzon Coll., MS 1016.

——— "Fava'id-i Asafiyyah va mavaciz-i Hasaniyyah" Lucknow Nasiriyyah Lib. Hadith Shi‘ah, MS 152.

——— "Najat as-sa'ilin." Lucknow Nasiriyyah Lib. Fiqh Shiah, MS 256.

———. "Risalah dar radd-i mazhab-i sufiyyah" Lucknow. Nasiriyyah Lib. Kalam Shi‘ah, MS 111.

———. "Sharh-i 'Hadiqat al-muttaqin, bab-i sawm.'" Lucknow Univ. Tagore Lib., MS 40.

Nasirabadi, Sayyid Husayn. "Javab-i su'al-i Husayn ‘Ali Khan" Lucknow. Nasiriyyah Lib Kalam Shi‘ah, MS 54.

———"Risalah bih javab-i masa'il-i Subhan ‘Ali Khan" Lucknow. Nasiriyyah Lib Kalam Shi‘ah, MS 106.

———"Su'al va javab" Lucknow Nasiriyyah Lib Fiqh Shi‘ah. Uncatalogued, MS


299

Nasirabadi, Sayyid Muhammad. "Thamarat al-khilafah." Patna. Khudabaksh Oriental Public Lib., MS H.L. 1325.

Qazvini, ‘Abdu'l-Vahhab. "Siyahat-namah-'i mamalik-i hindustan." MS in the library of Professor Amin Banani, University of California, Los Angeles.

Rabit Ametavi, ‘Abdu'l-Ahad. "Vaqa'ic-i dilpazir." Calcutta. Asiatic Soc. Lib. Curzon Coll., MS 46.

"Radd-i shihab ath-thaqib." India Office. Delhi Coll., MS 1190d.

Rashti, Sayyid Kazim. "Dalil al-mutahayyirin." Calcutta. Asiatic Soc. Lib. Curzon Coll., MS 831.

Rizavi, Hashim ‘Ali. "Mir'at al-bilad." Allahabad. Government Manuscript Lib., MS 2551.

Safavi, Sultan ‘Ali Husayni. "Macdan as-sacadah." Calcutta. Asiatic Soc. Lib. Soc. Coll., MS 181.

Salamatu'llah, "Risalah-'i munazirah." Patna. Khudabakhsh Oriental Public Lib., MS H.L. 1329.

Shushtari, ‘Abdu'l-Latif. "Tuhfat al-calam." British Lib., Add. 23,533.

Bahadur Singh. "Yadgar-i bahaduri." Allahabad. Regional Archives, MS 255.

Singh, Raja Ratan "Zakhmi." "Sultan at-tawarikh." India Office, MS 3961.

"Zafarnamah-'i vaqa'ic-i ghadr." India Office, MS 431.

Zaki Khan, Mirza Muhammad. "Majmucah-'i rasa'il-i tahqiq-i maslak-i akhbariyyin va usuliyyin." Lucknow. Nasiriyyah Lib. Usul al-Fiqh Shi‘ah, MS 28.

Urdu

Collections

Allahabad, Regional Archives; Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh State Archives, New Delhi, Nat'l Archives of India.

Manuscripts

‘Ali, Sayyid Mihdi. "Hada'iq-i isna cashari." Trans. Sayyid Sayfu'd-Din Haydar. India Office, MS 17.

Hasan, ‘Ali. "Mahmudabad ki tarikh." 5 vols. MS in the library of the Raja of Mahmudabad. Treated as a primary source because of the author's access to oral traditions and early family records and memoirs.

Hasan Khan, Mucinu'd-Din. "Khadang-i ghadr." India Office, MS 132.

European Languages

Collections

Lucknow

Uttar Pradesh State Archives.

Board of Revenue.

New Delhi

Nat'l Archives of India (copies under different headings in the India Office Records):

Foreign Department.


300

Foreign Consultations, 1840-1856.

Political Consultations.

Secret Consultations.

Political Letters from the Court of Directors.

Political Letters to the Court of Directors.

Printed

Sleeman, William. "The History of the Reigning Family of Oude" India Office. Xerograph. R121.

Published Sources and Dissertations

Arabic

Akbarabadi, Mirza Muhammad Nishapuri. Fath al-babila'l-haqqwa's-sawab . Najaf: al-Matbacah al-‘Alawiyyah, 1342/1923.

‘Amili, Muhammad al-Hurr al-. Amal al-amil . Ed. Sayyid Ahmad al-Husayni. 2 vols. Baghdad Maktabat al-Andalus, 1966.

Amuli, Sayyid Haydar. Jami ' al-asrarwa manba' al-anwar . Ed. Henry Corbin and Osman Yahya. Tehran: Institut Franco-Iranien de Recherche, 1969.

Bahrani, Shaykh Yusuf al-. Lu'lu'at al-Bahrayn Ed. Sayyid Mahmud Sadiq. Najaf: Matbacat an-Nucman, 1966

Bilgrami, Ghulam ‘Ali Azad. Subhat al-marjan . Bombay. Malik al-Kitab, 1303/1884-85

Dihlavi, Sayyid ‘Ali Akbar Musavi. Sabikatadh-dhahab wa mi'yaral-adab . Lucknow: Matbac Ithna ‘Ashari, 1309/1891.

Khvansari, Muhammad Baqir. Rawdatal-jannatfi ahwalal-'ulama ' wa's-sadat . 8 vols Tehran: Maktabat Ismaciliyan, 1390/1970.

Kinturi, Sayyid Icjaz Husayn an-Naysaburi Kashf al-hujubwa'l-astar'an al-kutub wa'l-asfar . Ed Muhammad Hidayat Husayn Calcutta: Asiatic Soc., 1330/1912.

Najafi, Muhammad Hasan an-. Al-Ijazahallatikatabaha . . . li'l-fadil . . . Muhammad Taqi . Lucknow. Matbacat ‘Abdu'llah, n d.

———. Jawahir al-kalam . 44 vols. Isfahan: n.p, 1270/1853-54

Nasirabadi, Sayyid Dildar ‘Ali. Asasal-usul Lucknow. Matbacah-ci Muhammadi, 1264/1848.

———. Mu'at al-'uqulficilmal-usul . 3 vols. Lucknow. Matbac ‘Imad al-Islam, 1320/1902

——— Muntaha al-afkai Lucknow. Matbac Taswir al-‘Alam, 1330/1912.

———. Al-Ijazah allatikatabaha . . . li's-Sayyid . . . MuhammadTaqi . Lucknow: Matbacah Muhammadiyyah, n d.

Nasirabadi, Sayyid Muhammad Taqi Tahqiqbacdmasa'ilal-imamahfisalatal-jum'ah . Lucknow: Matbac ‘Alawi, 1261/1845.

Shushtari, Sayyid Muhammad ‘Abbas. ‘Asharahkamilah . Lucknow: Matbac Husayniyyah Ithna ‘Ashari, 1296/1878

Suwaydi, Sayyid ‘Abdu'llah as- Mu'tamar an-Najaf . Cairo. al-Matbacah as-Salafiyyah, 1393/1973


301

Suwaydi, Sayyid ‘Abdu'r-Rahman as-. Ta'rikhhawadithBaghdadwa'l-Basrah , 1186-1192/1772-1780 . Ed. ‘Imad A Ra'uf. Baghdad. Wizarat ath-Thaqafah wa'l-Funun, 1978.

Persian

‘Abdu'l-Qadir, Khwajah. Vaqa'ic-imanazil-iRum Ed. Mohibbul Hasan. London: Asia Publishing House, 1968.

"Afghani,"- Sayyid Jamalu'd-Din Husayni al-. Mazhab-inaychari va bayan-i hal-i naychariyan Hyderabad: n.p., 1298/1880

Ahsa'i, Ahmad al- Hayat an-nafs . Persian trans. Sayyid Kazim Rashti. Kirman. Chapkhanah-'i Sacadat, 1353 s./1975.

‘Ali, Sayyid Muhammad. Makhzan-i Ahmadi . Agra: Matbac-i Mufid-i ‘Amm, 1299/1882.

‘Ali Khan, Sayyid Muhammad Amir. Vazir-namah . Kanpur: Matbac-i Nizami, 1293/1876.

Azfari, ‘Ali Bakht. Vaqi'at-i Azfari Ed. T. Chandrasekharan. Madras Government Oriental Manuscript Series no. 65. Madras: Nuri Press. 1957.

‘Azimabadi, Nisar Husayn. Radd al-ijabahash-Shaykhiyyah . Hyderabad: Hizar Dastani, 1305/1887.

Bilgrami, Ghulam ‘Ali Azad. Khizanah-'i'amirah . Kanpur: Naval Kishor, 1871.

———. Ma'athir al-kiram . Vol. 1. Agra: Matbac-i Mufid-i ‘Amm, 1910.

——— Ma'athir al-kiram . Vol. 2. Lahore: Matbac-i Dukhani-yi Rifah-i ‘Amm, 1913.

Bilgrami, Murtaza Husayn, Hadiqatal-aqalim . Lucknow: Naval Kishor, 1879.

Dihlavi, Shah ‘Abdu'l-‘Aziz [Ghulam Halim]. Tuhfah-'i isna'ashariyyah Calcutta: n.p., 1240/1824.

Farangi-Mahalli, Valiyu'llah. Al-Aghsanal-arbacahli'sh-shajarah at-tayyibah . Lucknow: Matbac-i Karnamah, 1881.

Husayn Khan-i Zaman, Ghulam. Gulzar-iAsafiyyah . Hyderabad: Muhammadi Press, 1260/1844.

Isfahani, Abu Talib Khan. Masir-iTalibi Ed. Husayn Khadiv-ju. Tehran: Kitabha-yi, Jaybi, 1352s./1974.

———. Tafdih al-ghafilin Ed. ‘Abid Reza Bedar. Rampur: Institute of Oriental Studies, 1965.

Ismacil, Sayyid Muhammad Mansab-i imamat Delhi: Matbac-i Faruqi, 1277/1860-61

———. Sirat-i mustaqim Delhi: Matbac-i Mujtaba'i, 1308/1890.

Kashmiri, Muhammad ‘Ali. Nujum as-sama ' fitarajimal-'ulama ' Lucknow: Matbac-i Jacfari, 1302/1884-85.

Kashmiri, Muhammad Mihdi Lakhnavi. Nujumas-sama '. takmilah . 2 vols. Qumm Maktabat-i Basirati, 1397/1977.

Khvansari, Sayyid Abu'l-Qasim. Manahijal-macarifyafarhang-i 'aqa'id-iShi'ah . Tehran: Kitabkhanah-'i Haydari, 1392/1973

Kinturi Sayyid Muhammad Quli. Ahkam-i'adalat-i'alaviyyah Lucknow. Matbac-i Sultaniyyah, 1259/1843.

———. Nifaq ash-Shaykayn bi hukmas-sahihayn . Lucknow: Matbac-i Sharafiyvah, n.d


302

———Tathir al-mu'minincannajasatal-mushrikin . Lucknow. Matbac-i Haydar, 1260/1844.

Lakhnavi, Musharraf ‘Ali Khan, ed. Bayaz-imasa'il . 3 vols. Lucknow: n p., 1251/1835-36. Legal rulings, on social as well as religious issues, by Lucknow's chief mujtahids in the early 1830s, especially Sayyids Muhammad and Husayn Nasirabadi.

Mir, Mir Taqi. Zikr-i Mir . Ed. Mawlavi ‘Abdu'l-Haqq. Aurangabad: Anjuman-i Urdu, Press, 1928.

Musavi, Sayyid Husayn Millal, al-akhyarfiradd taharatal-kuffar Lucknow: Matabac-i Mazhar al-‘Aja'ib, 1893.

Nami Isfahani, Muhammad Sadiq Musavi. Tarikh-igiti-gushadar tarikh-ikhandan-iZand . Tehran: Iqbal, 1317 s./1939.

Naqavi, Ghulam ‘Ali. ‘Imad as-sacadat . Lucknow: Naval Kishor, 1897.

Nasirabadi, Sayyid Dildar. ‘Ali. Dhu'l-Fiqar . Ludhiana: Matbac-i Majmac al-Bahrayn, 1281/1864-65

———. Savarim-i ilahiyyatva Husamal-Islam . Calcutta. n.p, 1218/1803.

Nasirabadi, Sayyid Husayn. Majmucah-'iIrshadal-mu'mininva digarkutub . Lucknow: Matbac-i Muhammadi, 1265/1848-49.

Nasirabadi, Sayyid Muhammad. Risalah-'itaqiyyah Lucknow Matbac-i Sultani, n.d.

Prashad, Kunwar Durga. Bustan-i Awadh . Lucknow: Matbac-i Dabdabah-'i Ahmadi, 1309/1891.

Rai-Barelavi, Sayyid Ahmad Makatib-iSayyid AhmadShahid . Lahore Maktabah-'i, Rashidiyyah, 1975.

Shirazi, Muhammad Macsum ‘Ali Khan. Tara'iqal-haqa'iq . 3 vols. Tehran: Kitabfurushi-yi Baran, 1345 s./1967.

Shirvani, Zaynu'l-‘Abidin. Bustanas-siyahah . Tehran: n.p., 1897.

———. Riyad as-siyahah . 3 vols. Ed Aqa, Mir Aqasi and ‘Ali Quliov. Moscow: Shucbah-'i Adabiyyat-i Khavar, 1974.

Shushtari, Nuru'llah. Majalis al-mu'minin 2 vols. Tehran: Chapkhanah-i Islamiyyah, 1375/1955.

Shushtari, Sayyid Muhammad ‘Abbas. Micrajal-mu'minin . Lucknow: Matbac-i Majmac al-‘Ulum, 1293/1876.

———. Risalah-'i Muhammadiyyahdar radd-i maqalah-'iYahudiyyah(Nasral-mu'minin) . Lucknow. Matbac-i Nur al-Matabic, 1918.

———, ed. Murtaziyyat-iHusayniyyah . Ludhiana: Matbac-i Majmac al-Bahrayn, 1277/1860-61.

Sipihr, Muhammad Taqi Lisanul-Mulk. Nasikhat-tawarikh : dawrah-'i kamil-i tarikh-iQajariyyah . 3 vols. Ed. Jahangir Qa'im-maqami. Tehran: Amir Kabir, 1337 s./1959.

Tabataba'i, Ghulam Husayn. Siyar al-muta'akhkhirin . 2 vols. Calcutta: n.p., 1248/1832-33.

Tunikabuni, Muhammad. Qisas . al-‘ulama '. Tehran: Kitabfurushi ‘Ilmiyyah-'i Islamiyyah, n.d.

Vajid ‘Ali Shah. Bahr-i hidayat . Lucknow: Matbac-i Sultani, 1267/1850-51. Rulings given for the heir apparent by Awadh's chief mujtahid, Sayyid Muhammad Nasirabadi, on licit sexual practices, dowry, temporary marriage, and permitted clothing.


303

Varid Tihrani, Muhammad Shafic. Tarikh-iNadirShahi . Ed Riza Shacbani Tehran: Bunyad-i Farhang-i Iran, 1349 s/1971.

Urdu

‘Ali Khan, Muhammad Imam. Asar-iyadgar . Lucknow: Tasvir-i ‘Alam Press, 1902.

Dihlavi, Shah ‘Abdu'l-‘Aziz Fatava-yi‘Azizi . Vol 1 Lucknow Fakhru'l-Matabic, 1906.

Jan, Mirza. Hadiqah-'i shuhada '. N.p, 1272/1855.

Kinturi Sayyid Ghulam Husayn. Life (Yacnisavanih-i'umri ). Lahore: Khadim at-taclim Steam Press, n.d.

Mashhadi, Kamalu'd-Din Haydar Husayni. Qaysarat-tawarikh . Lucknow: Naval Kishor, 1896.

———. Savanihat-i salatin-iAvadh . Lucknow: Naval Kishor, 1896.

Nauganavi Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tazkirah-'ibe-bahafitarikh al-'ulama '. Delhi: Jayyid Barqi Press, n.d.

Shayan, Tota Ram. Tavarikh-i nadiral-'asr . Lucknow: Naval Kishor, 1863.

Tamanna, Ramasahaya. Afdal at tawarikh . Lucknow Matbac-i Tamanna'i. 1879.

———. Ahsan at-tawarikh . Lucknow: Matbac-i Tamanna'i 1293/1876.

English Translations from Asian-Language Sourges

Astarabadi, Muhammad Mihdi Kawkabi. [Tarikh-iNadiri ] The History of the Life of Nadir Shah . Trans. Sir William Jones. London: J. Richardson, 1773.

Elliott, Henry Myers, and Dowson, John, eds The History of India as Told by Its Own Historians: The Muhammadan Period 8 vols. London: Trubner, 1877. Reprint Allahabad: Kitab Mahall, 1964.

Fayzbakhsh, Muhammad. Memoirs of Delhi and Faizabad, Being a translation of the Tarikh Farahbakhsh . 2 vols. Trans. William Hoey. Allahabad: North-Western Provinces and Ondh Government Press, 1888-89.

Firishtah, Muhammad Qasim. History of the Rise of Mahomedan Power in India . Trans. John Briggs. 4 vols. Calcutta R. Cambray & Co., 1909-10.

Hasan Khan, Mucinu'd-Din, and Lal, Munshi Jivan [Khadang-i ghadr ] Two Natwe Narratwes of the Mutiny . Trans. C. T. Metcalf. London, 1890. Reprint. Lahore: al-Biruni, 1975.

Hazin Gilani, Shaykh Muhammad ‘Ali. The Life of Sheik Mohammed Ali Hazin Written by Himself Trans. F. C. Belfour. London: Oriental Translation Fund, 1830.

Hilli, Hasan ibn al-Mutahhar al-. Al-Bâbu'l-Hâdi ‘Ashar . Translated by William M. Miller. London: Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1958.

Ibn Babuyah. Abu Jacfar. A Shi‘iteCreed (Risalatal-Ictiqadat ). Trans. Asaf A. A. Fyzee. Calcutta: Oxford University Press, 1942.

Ilahabadi, Khayru'd-Din Muhammad. Tazkirat-ul-ulama or A Memoir of the Learned Men of Jaunpur . Ed. and trans. Muhammad Sana Ullah. Calcutta: Abul Faiz & Co., 1934.

Isfahani, Abu Talib. History of Asafu'd Dawlah Nawab Wazir of Oudh Being a Translation of


304

Tafzthu'l Ghafilin . Trans William Hoey Allahabad: North-Western Provinces and Oudh Government Press· 1885. Reprint. Lucknow. Pustak Kendra, 1971.

——— [Masir-i Talibi ] Travels of Mirza Abu Taleb Khan . 2d ed 3 vols. Trans Charles Stewart. London: Longmau, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown, 1814

Khafi Khan, Muhammad Hashim. [Muntakhab al-lubab ] History of ‘Alamgir . Trans. S. Moinul Haq. Karachi: Pakistan Historical Society, 1975.

Lal, Basawun. Memoirs of the Puthan Soldier of Fortune the Nawab Ameer-ood-Doulah Mohummud Ameer Khan . Trans. H Prinsep. Calcutta: Military Orphan Press, 1832.

Nawaz Khan, Shah. Maathir-ul-Umara . Trans. H. Beveridge, rev Beni Pershad. 3 vols. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1911-14.

Rabit Ametavi, ‘Abdu'l-Ahad. [Vaqa'ic-idilpazir ] Tarikh Badshah Begam . Trans. Muhammad Taqi Ahmad. Allahabad: Indian Press, 1938. Reprint. Delhi: Idarah-'i Adabiyyat, 1977

Sharif, Jacfar. Islam in India, or the Qanun-i-Islam . Trans. G. A. Herklots. Madras. J Higginbotham, 1863. Reprint. London: Oxford University Press, 1921.

Tabataba'i, Sayyid Ghulam Husayn. [Siyar al-muta 'akhkhirin ] Seir Mutaqherin . Trans. M "Hajji Mustapha" Raymond. 4 vols. Calcutta: T. D Chatterjee/R. Cambray, 1902.

Wajid ‘Ali Shah. Reply to the Charges against the King of Oude . Calcutta: Englishman Press, [1856].

European Languages

Ali, Mrs. Meer Hasan Observations on the Mussulmans of India . London: Parbury Allen, 1832, 2 vols. Reprint. W. Crooke, ed. London: Oxford University Press, 1917.

Archer, Major Edward C. Tours in Upper India 2 vols. London. Richard Bentley. 1833.

Baillie, D. C. Census of India, 1891 . Vols. 26-28: The North-Western Provinces and Oudh . Allahabad: North-Western Provinces and Oudh Government Press, 1894.

Bird, Major R. W. [Samuel Lucas] Dacoitee in Excelsis or the Spoliation of Oude by the East India Company . Reprint. Allahabad: Liverpool Press, 1924.

Butter, Donald. Outlines of the Topography and Statistics of the Southern Districts of Oud'h and the Cantonment of Sultanpur-Oud'h . Calcutta: Bengal Military Orphan Press, 1839.

Chardin, John. Travels in Persia . London: Argonaut Press, 1927.

———. Voyages de monsieur le chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l'orient . 3 vols. Amsterdam: Jean Louis de Lorme, 1709.

Elphinstone, Mountstuart. An Account of the Kingdom of Caubul . 2 vols. Reprint. Karachi: Oxford Universiry Press, 1972.

Francklin, William. Observation Made on a Tour from Bengal to Persia in the Years 1786-7 . London: T. Cadell, 1790.

Fryer, John. A New Account of East India and Persia, being Nine Years Travel, 1672-1681 . Ed. William Crooke. 3 vols. London: Hakluyt Society, 1909-1915.

Gubbins, Martin Richard. An Account of the Mutinies in Oudh . London: R. Bentley, 3d ed. 1858.

Heber, Reginald. Narrative of a Journey through the Upper Provinces of India from Calcutta to Bombay, 1824 to 1825 . 2 vols. Philadelphia: Carey, Lea and Carey, 1828.


305

Hoffmeister, W. Travels in Ceylon and Continental India Edinburgh: William P. Kennedy, 1848.

Knighton, William. The Private Life of an Eastern King . London: G Routledge & Co., 1858.

Laureston, Jean Law de. Mémoire sur quelques affaires de l'empire mogol, 1756-1761 . Paris. Edouard Champion and Emile Larose, 1913.

Manucci, Niccolao. Storia do Mogor or Mogul India, 1653-1708 . Trans. William Irvine. 4 vols. London: John Murray, 1907-8

Masih. Uddin Khan, M. Mohammad. [Oude: Its Princes and Its Government Vindicated ] British Aggression in Avadh . Ed. Safi Ahmad. Meerut: Meenakshi Prakashan, 1969

Niehbur, Carsten. Reisebeschreibung nach Arabien und den umliegenden Landern 3 vols. Reprint ed Graz: Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt, 1968.

Orlich, Leopold von. Travels in India including Sinde and the Panjab Trans. H. E. Lloyd. 2 vols. London: Lougman, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1845.

Parkes, Fanny. Wanderings of a Pilgrim in Search of the Picturesque 2 vols. London: Pelham Richardson, 1850.

Remarks on the Oude Question . London. W. I. and I. Richardson, 1806.

Roberts, Emma. Scenes and Characteristics of Hindostan . 3 vols. London: Wm. H. Allen and Co., 1835.

Sleeman, W. H. A Journey through the Kingdom of Oude in 1849-1850 . 2 vols. London: Richard Bentley, 1858.

———. Rambles and Recollections of an Indian Official . Reprint. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1973.

Sprenger, Aloys. A Catalogue of the Arabic, Persian, and Hindu'st'any Manuscripts of the Libraries of the King of Oudh . 2 vols. Calcutta: J. Thomas, 1854.

Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste. Travels in India . 2 vols. Trans. V. Ball. London: Macmillan and Co., 1889.

Tennant, Reverend William. Indian Recreations . 2d ed. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, 1804.

Valentia, George, Viscount. Voyages and Travels to India, Ceylon, the Red Sea, Abyssinia, and Egypt . 4 vols. London: F. C. and J. Rivington, 1811.

White, Edmond. Report on the Census of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh and of the Native States of Rampur and Natwe Garhwal Taken on the 17th February, 1881 . Allahabad: North-Western Provinces and Oudh Government Press, 1882.

Willisms, J. Charles, comp. The Report on the Census of Oudh . 2 vols. Lucknow: Oudh Government Press, 1869.

Wolff, Reverend Joseph. Journal . London: James Burns, 1839.

Secondary Sources

Arabic

‘Azzawi, ‘Abbas al-. Ta'rikh al-‘Iraqbayn ihtilalayn . 8 vols. Baghdad: Shirkat at-Tijarah wa't- Tibacah al-Mahdudah, 1955.

Farangi-Mahalli, Qiyamu'd-Din Muhammad ‘Abdu'l-Bari. Atharal-awwal min ‘ulama FaranjiMahall . Lucknow: al-Matbac al-Mujtaba'i, 1321/1903.


306

Hasani, ‘Abdu'l-Hayy al-. Nuzhat al-khawatir . 8 vols. Hyderabad: Matbacat Majlis Da'irat al-Macarif al-‘Uthmaniyyah, 1959.

———. ath-Thaquafahal-Islamiyyahfi'l-Hind . Damascus: Matbucat al-Majmac al-‘Ilmi al-‘Arabi bi Dimashq, 1958.

Kazimi, as-Sayyid Muhammad al-Mahdi al-. Ahsanal-wadicahfitarajim mashahirmujtahidiash-Shi‘ah . Najaf: al-Haydariyyah, 1969.

Najafi, Jacfar Al-Mahbubah an-. Madian-Najaf wa hadiruha . Sidon: Matbacat al-‘Irfan, 1353/1934.

Nawras, A.M.K. Hukm al-mamalikfi'l-‘Iraq , 1750-1831 . Baghdad: Wizarat al-Iclam, 1975.

Tihrani, Aqa Buzurg. Musannifi cilmar-rijal . Tehran: Chapkhanah-'i Dawlati, 1909.

Wardi, ‘Ali al-. Lamahat ijtimaciyyahmin ta'rikhal-‘Iraq al-hadith . 3 vols. Baghdad: Matbacat al-Irshad, 1971-.

Persian

‘Ali, Rahman. Tazkirah-'i ‘ulama-yiHind . Lucknow: Naval Kishor, 1914.

Al-Shaykh, Murtaza al-Ansari, Zindiganiva shakhsiyyat-iShaykh Ansari . Ahvaz [?]: Chapkhanah-'i Ittihad, 1380/1960-61.

Davvani, ‘Ali. Ustad-ikull AqaMuhammadBaqirb. MuhammadAkmal macrufbih Vahid-iBihbahani . Qumm: Chapkhanah-'i Dar al-‘Ilm, 1958.

Husayn, Sayyid ‘Abid. Tarikh-i Ja'is . Allahabad. Matbac-i Jalali. 1878.

Lakhnavi, Sayyid Ahmad Naqavi. Warathat al-anbiya '. Lucknow: Matbacah-'i Tasvir-i ‘Alam. 1324/1906.

Mucallim Habibabadi, Muhammad ‘Ali. Makarimal-athardar ahval-i-rijal-i dawrah-'iQajar . 3 vols. Isfahan: Matba-ci Muhammadi, Chapkhanah-'i Nishat, 1958-1972.

Mudarris, Muhammad ‘Ali. Rayhanatal-adab fitarajimal-macrufinbi'l-kunyah wa'l-luqab 7 vols Tabriz: Chapkhanah-'i Shafaq, 1346 s./1967.

Qummi, Aqa ‘Abbas Fawa'id ar-ridawiyyahfiahwal'ulama ' al-madhhab al-Jacfariyyah . Tehran Kitabkhanah-'i Markazi. 1327/1909

Safavi, Shah Husayn. Tadhkirat al-muhaqqiqin . Lucknow: Matbac-i Dabdabah-'i Ahmadi, n.d.

Urdu

Azad, Muhammad ‘Ali. Ab-i hayat . Allahabad. Ram Narayan Lal Beni Madhu. 1980.

Farangi-Mahalli, ‘Inayatu'llah. Tazkirah-ci‘ulama-yiFarangiMahall . Lucknow: Ishacat al-‘Ulum, 1930

Farangi-Mahalli, Muhammad Riza Ansari. Bani-yidars-i Nizami . Lucknow: Nami Press, 1973.

Husayn, Mirza Jacfar. Qadim Lakhna'u kiakhiribahar . New Delhi: Taraqqi Urdu Board, 1981.

Husayn, Sayyid Murtaza. Matlac-ianvar . Karachi: Khurasan Islamic Research Center, 1981.

Husayn, Sayyid Safdar. Lakhna'u kitahzibimiras . Lahore: Bargah-i Adab, 1975.

Lakhnavi, Muhammad Hadi ‘Aziz. Tajalliyat : Tarikh-i‘Abbas . Lucknow: Nizami Press, 1344/1925-26.


307

Lakhnavi, Sayyid Agha Ashhar. Tadhkirat adh-dhakirin . Jhansi: Shamsi Press, 1942.

Lakhnavi, Agha Mihdi, Savanih-i hayat-ihazrat-iGhufran-macab . Karachi: Jamciyyat-i Khuddam-i ‘Aza', 1982.

———. Tarikh-i Lakhna'u . Karachi: Jamciyyat-i Khuddam-i ‘Aza', 1396/1976.

———. Tarikh-i Sultanal-‘Ulama '. Karachi: Ziya' Barqi Press, 1967.

Muhsin, Sayyid Shapir Hasan. Khandan-iijtihad-iLakhna'u . Lucknow: Nur al-Matabic, n.d.

Nanautavi, Sayyid Zafaryab Husayn Husayni. Tarikh-ianvaras-sadat . Lahore: al-Qa'im Art Press, 1972.

Naqavi, Sibt-i Muhammad. Amjad ‘AliShah : Avadh kamutasharricchota badshah . Lucknow: the author, 1976.

Qadar Mirza, Kawkab. ‘Umdat al-hayah . Lucknow: n.p., 1964.

Sarhaddi, Agha Mubin. Tazkirah-'iShaykh al-awhadShaykh Ahmadal-Ahsa'i haqa'iqkiraushanimen . Faysalabad: Muballigh-i Aczam Akedimi, n.d.

Sharar, ‘Abdu'l-Halim. GuzashtahLakhna'u:mashriqitamadun kaakhiri namunah . Lucknow: Nasim Book Depot, 1974.

Sibtu'l-Hasan, Sayyid. Tazkirah-'imajiddar ahval-iShahid . Agra: Akhbar Press, 1382/1962-63.

Thanesari, Muhammad Jacfar. Savanih-iAhmadi . Lahore: Sufi Printing and Publishing Co., 1914.

European Languages

Abercrombie, Nicholas, Stephen Hill, and Bryan S. Turner. The Dominant Ideology Thesis . London: George Allen & Unwin, 1980.

Ahmad, Aziz. Studies in Islamic Culture in the Indian Environment . Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1964.

Ahmad, Imtiaz. "The Ashraf-Ajlaf Dichotomy in Muslim Social Structure in India." Indian Economic and Social History Review 3 (1966): 268-78.

———, ed. Caste and Social Stratification among Muslims in India . New Delhi: Manohar, 1978.

———. Ritual and Religion among Muslims in India . New Delhi: Manohar, 1981.

Ahmad, Mohiuddin. Sayyid Abroad Shahid: His Life and Mission . Lucknow: Islamic Research and Publications, 1975.

Ahmad, Safi. Two Kings of Awadh: Muhammad ‘AliShah and Amjad ‘AliShah (1837-47) . Aligarh: P.C. Dwadash Shreni & Co. (P.), 1971.

Alam, Muzaffar. "Some Aspects of the Changes in Position of Madad-i Maash Holders in Awadh, 1676-1772." Indian History Congress Proceedings 35 (1974): 199-203.

Algar, Hamid. Religion and State in Iran, 1785-1906: The Role of the Ulama in the Qajar Period . Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1969.

Ali, M. Athar. The Mughal Nobility under Aurangzeb . Bombay: Asia Publishing House, 1966.

Alvi, Sajida S. Shi‘ism in India during Jahangir's Reign: Some Reflections." Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society 27 (1979): 39-65.

Amanat, Abbas. "The Early Years of the Babi Movement: Background and Development." Ph.D diss., Oxford University, 1981.


308

Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism . London: Verso, 1983.

Arjomand, Said Amir, "The Office of Mulla-Bashi in Shi‘ite Iran." Studia Islamics 57 (1983): 135-46.

———. "Religion, Political Action, and Legitimate Domination in Shi‘ite Iran: Fourteenth to Eighteenth Centuries A.D ." Archives européenes de sociologie 20 (1979): 59-109.

———. "Religious Extremism (Ghuluww ), Sufism and Sunnism in Safavid Iran: 1501-1722." Journal of Asian History 15 (1981): 1-35.

———. The Shadow, of God and the Hidden Imam: Religion, Political Order, and Societal Change in Shi‘iteIran from the Beginning to 1890 . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.

———. "Shi‘ite Hierocracy and the State in Pre-modern Iran, 1785-1890." Archives européenes de sociologie 22 (1981) 40-78.

Ashcraft, Richard. "Political Theory and Political Action in Karl Mannheim's Thought: Reflections upon 'Ideology and Utopia' and Its Critics·" Comparative Studies in Society and History 23 (1981): 23-50.

Ashraf, K. M. "Muslim Revivalists and the Revolt of 1857." In Rebellion 1857: A Symposium , edited by P. C. Joshi. New Delhi: People's Publishing House, 1957.

Askari, Syed Hasan. "The Political Significance of Hazin's Career in Eastern India." Bengal Past and Present 63 (1943): 1-10.

Azhar, Mirza Ali. King Wajid Ali Shah of Awadh . Vol. 1. Karachi: Royal Book Company, 1982.

Azmi, Arshad Ali. "Position of Agriculture in the Economy of Awadh during the Nawabi Regime." Indian History Congress 29, no. 2 (1967): 82-90.

Ballhatchet, Kenneth, and John Harrison. The City in South Asia: Pre-Modern and Modern . London: Curzon Press, 1980.

Banani, Amin. "Reflections on the Social and Economic Structure of Safavid Persia at Its Zenith·" Iranian Studies 11 (1978): 83-114.

Barnett, Richard B. North India between Empires: Awadh, the Mughals and the British, 1720-1801 . Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1980.

Basu, Purnendu. Oudh and the East India Company, 1785-1801 . Lucknow: Maxwell Company, 1943.

Bausani, Alessandro. Persia Religiosa . Milan: Saggiatore, 1959.

———. "Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan (1817-1898) e il moto della terra·" Rivista degli Studi Orientali 54 (1980): 303-18.

Bayat, Mangol, Mysticism and Dissent: Socioreligious Thought in Qajar Iran . Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1982.

Bayly, C. A. Rulers, Townsmen, and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansion, 1770-1870 . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

———. "The Pre-History of 'Communalism'? Religious Conflict in India, 1700-1860." Modem Asian Studies 19 (1985): 177-203.

Benett, W. C. A Report on the Family History of the Chief Clans of the Roy Bareilly District . Lucknow: Oudh Government Press, 1870.

Bhatnagar, Gaurishwar Dayal. Lucknow under Wajid ‘AliShah Varanasi: Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan, 1968.


309

Bosworth, Edmund, and Carole Hillenbrand, eds. Qajar Iran: Political, Social and Cultural Change, 1800-1925 . Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1983.

Brass, Paul R. Language, Religion, and Politics in North India . London: Cambridge University Press, 1974

Brennan, L. "Social Change in Ruhilkhand, 1801-33." Indian Economic and Social History Review 7 (1970): 443-465.

Brown, C. J. "The Coins of the Kings of Awadh." Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 8, no. 6 (1912): 249-74.

Browne, Edward Granville·Literary History of Persia· 4 vols·Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1924.

Buckler, F. W. Legitimacy and Symbols . Ed. M. N. Pearson. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, 1985.

Calder, Norman. "Khums in Imami Shi‘i Jurisprudence from the Tenth to the Sixteenth Century A.D .," Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 45 ( 1982): 39-47.

———. "The Structure of Authority in Imami Shi‘i Jurisprudence." Ph.D. diss., School of Oriental and African Studies, 1980.

———. "Zakat in Imami Shi‘i Jurisprudence from the Tenth to the Sixteenth Century A.D ." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 44 (1981): 468-80.

Calkins, Philip B. "The Formation of a Regionally Oriented Ruling Group in Bengal, 1700-1740." Journal of Asian Studies 29 (1970): 799-806.

Chandra, Satish. Parties and Politics at the Mughal Court, 1707-1740 . Aligarh: Aligarh Muslim University, 1959.

Chelkowski, Peter J., ed. Tacziyeh : Ritual and Drama in Iran . New York: New York University Press, 1979.

Cohn, Bernard S. "Political Systems in Eighteenth-Century India: The Banaras Region." Journal of the American Oriental Society 82 (1962): 312-19.

———. "Structural Change in Indian Rural Society, 1596-1885?' In Land Control and Social Structure , edited by Robert Frykenberg. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1969.

Cole, J R. I. "Imami Jurisprudence and the Role of the Ulama: Mortaza Ansari on Emulating the Supreme Exemplar." In Religion and Politics in Iran , edited by Nikki R. Keddie. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983.

———. "'Indian Money' and the Shi‘i Shrine Cities of Iraq, 1786-1850." Middle Eastern Studies 22, no. 4 (1986): 461-80.

———. "Shi‘i Clerics in Iraq and Iran, 1722-1780: The Akhbari-Usuli Controversy Reconsidered" Iranian Studies 18, no. 1 (1985): 3-34.

Cole, J. R. I, and Moojan Momen. "Mafia, Mob and Shiism in Iraq: The Rebellion of Ottoman Karbala, 1824-1843." Past and Present 112 (August 1986): 112-43.

Cole, J. R. I., and Nikki R. Keddie, eds. Shi‘ism and Social Protest· New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986.

Corbin, Henry. En Islam iranien . 4 vols. Paris: Gallimard, 1971-72.

Crooke, W. The Tribes and Castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh . 4 vols. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, 1896.

Dumont, Louis. Homo Hierarchicus: The Caste System and Its Implications Trans. M. Sainsbury. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970.


310

Eaton, Richard Maxwell. Sufis of Bijapur, 1300-1700. Social Role of Sufis in Medieval India . Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978.

Eliash, Joseph. "The Ithna ‘Ashari-Shi‘i Juristic Theory of Political and Legal Authority." Studia Islamica 29 (1969): 17-30.

———. "Misconceptions Regarding the Juridical Status of the Iranian ‘Ulama'" International Journal of Middle East Studies 10 (1979): 9-25.

Elliot, Charles Alfred. Chronicles of Oonao, a District in Oudh . Allahabad: Allahabad Mission Press, 1862.

Encyclopaedia Iranica . Ed. Ehsan Yarshater. 1 vol., 7 pts. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1982-.

Encyclopaedia of Islam . 4 vols. London: Luzac, 1913-24.

———. New ed. 5 vols. Suppl. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1954-.

Ende, Werner. "The Flagellations of Muharram and the Shi‘ite ‘Ulama'." Der Islam 55 (1978): 19-36.

Fahd, Tawfiq, ed. Le shi‘isme imâmite . Paris Presses Universitaires de France, 1970

Fernea, Elizabeth Warnock. Guests of the Sheikh: An Ethnography of an Iraqi Village . Garden City. N.Y.: Doubleday, Anchor Books, 1969.

Fischer, Michael M. J. Iran from Religious Dispute to Revolution . Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980.

Fisher, Michael Herbert. "British Expansion in North India: The Role of the Resident in Awadh." Indian Economic and Social History Review 18 (1981): 69-82.

———."The Imperial Coronation of 1819: Awadh, the British and the Mughals." Modern Asian Studies 19 (1985): 239-77.

———. "The Imperial Court and the Province: A Social and Administrative History of Pre-British Awadh (1775-1856)." Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 1978.

———. "Political Marriage Alliances at the Shi‘i Court of Awadh." Comparative Studies in Society and History , 25 (1983): 593-616.

Fox, Richard G Kin, Clan, Raja, and Rule: State-Hinterland Relations in Pre-Industrial India . Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1971

Freitag, Sandria B. "Religious Rites and Riots: From Community Identity to Communalism in North India, 1870-1940." Ph.D. diss., University of California, Berkeley, 1980.

Fusfeld, Warren Edward. "Communal Conflict in Delhi: 1803-1930." The Indian Economic and Social History Review , 19 (1982): 182-200.

———. "The Shaping of Sufi Leadership in Delhi: The Naqshbandiyya Mujaddidiyya, 1750 to 1920." Ph.D diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1981.

Gaborieau, Marc Minorités musulmanes dans le royaume hindou du Nepal Nanterre: Laboratoire d'Ethnologie, 1977.

Garcin de Tassy, M. Histoire de la littérature hindouie el hindoustanie . 3 vols. Reprint. New York: Burt Franklin, 1968.

———. Mémoire sur des particularités de la religion musulmane dans l'inde . Paris: L'Imprimerie Royale, 1831.

Gilmartin, David· "Religious,, Leadership and the Pakistan Movement in the Punjab" Modern Asian Studies 13 (1979): 485-93.

Gramlich, Richard Die schiitischen Dervischorden Persiens 3 vols. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner GMBH, 1965-81.


311

Gran, Peter. The Islamic Roots of Capitalism . Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

Green, Arnold. The Tunisian Ulama, 1873-1915: Social Structure and Response to Ideological Currents . Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1978.

Grover, B. R. "The Nature of Dehat-i-Taaluqa (Zamindari Villages) and the Evolution of the Taaluqdari System during the Mughal Age." Indian Economic and Social History Review 2 (1965): 166-77, 258-88.

Habib, Irfan. The Agrarian System of Mughal India (1556-1707) . London: Asia Publishing House, 1963.

Hardy, Peter. The Muslims of British India . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972.

Hertel, Bradley R. "Church, Sect, and Congregation in Hinduism: An Examination of Religious Authority." Journal of the Scientific Study of Religion 16 ( 1977): 15-26.

Hjortshoj, Keith. "Kerbala in Context: A Study of Mohurram in Lucknow, India." Ph.D. diss., Cornell University, 1978.

Hobsbawm, E. J. Bandits . New York: Delacorte, 1969.

———. Primitive Rebels: Studies in Archaic Forms of Social Movement in the 19th and 20th Centuries . New York: W. W. Norton, 1959.

Hodgson, Marshall G. S. The Venture of Islam . 3 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974.

Hoey, William. A Monograph on Trade and Manufactures in Northern India . Lucknow: American Methodist Mission Press, 1880.

Hollister, John Norman. The Shi‘a of India . London: Luzac and Co., 1953.

Husain, Sheikh Abrar. Marriage Customs among Muslims in India: A Sociological Study of the Shia Marriage Customs . New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1976.

India. North-Western Provinces and Oudh. Gazetteer of the Piovince of Oudh . 3 vols Allahabad North-Westein Provinces and Oudh Government Press, 1877.

Islam, Riazul. Indo-Persian Relations: A Study of the Political and Diplomatic Relations between the Mughul Empire and Iran . Tehran: Iranian Culture Foundation, 1970.

Israel, Milton, and N. K. Wagle. Islamic Society and Culture: Essays in Honor of Professor Aziz Ahmad . Delhi: Manohar, 1984.

Jafri, S H M The Origins and Early, Development of Shi'a Islam . London: Longmans, 1979.

Johnson, Benton. "Church and Sect Revisited." Journal of the Scientific Study of Religion 10 (1971): 124-37.

———. "On Church and Sect." American Sociological Review 28 (1963): 539-49.

Keddie, Nikki R. Roots of Revolution. An Interpretive History of Modern Iran. With a section by Yann Richard. New Haven. Yale University Press, 1981.

———, ed. Religion and Politics in Iran: Shi'ism from Quietism to Revolution New Haven: Yale University Press. 1983

———. Scholars, Saints. and Sufis: Muslim Religious Institutions since 1500 . 2d ed. Berkeley and Los Angeles. University of California Press, 1978.

Khatak, Sarfaraz Khan. Shaik MuhammadAli Hazin. His Life, Times, and Works. Lahore: Sh. Mohammad Ashraf, 1944.

Kohlberg, E. "The Development of the Imami Shi‘i Doctrine of jihad ." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft 126 (1976): 64-86.

Kozlowski, Gregory Charles. Muslim Endowments and Society in British India Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1985.


312

Lambton, Ann K. S. "A Nineteenth Century View of Jihad." Studia Islamica 32 (1970): 181-92.

———. "Some New Trends in Islamic Political Thought in Late 18th and Early 19th Century Persia." Studia Islamica 39 (1974): 95-128.

———. State and Government in Medieval Islam: An Introduction to the Study of Islamic Political Theory: The Jurists . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981.

Laoust, Henri. "La Critique du sunnisme dans la doctrine d'al-Hilli." Revue des études islamiques 34 (1966): 35-60.

Leonard, Karen Isakson. Social History of an Indian Caste: The Kayasths of Hyderabad . Berkeley and Los Angeles University of California Press, 1978.

Lockhart, Laurence. Nadir Shah . Reprint. Lahore: al-Irfan Historical Reprints, 1976.

———. The Fall of the Safavi Dynasty and the Afghan Occupation of Persia . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1958.

Löschner, Harald. Die dogmatischen Grundlagen des sicitischenRechts . Cologne: Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, 1971.

MacEoin, Denis M. "From Shaykhism to Babism." Ph.D. diss., Cambridge University, 1979.

Madelung, W. "Authority in Twelver Shiism in the Absence of the Imam." In La notion d'autorité au Moyen Age: Islam. Byzance, Occident , edited by George Makdisi, D. Sourdel, and J. Sourdel-Thomme. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1982.

———. "A Treatise of the Sharif al-Murtada on the Legality of Working for the Government." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 43 (1980): 18-31.

Mannheim, Karl. Ideology and Utopia: An Introduction to the Sociology of Knowledge . Trans. Louis Wirth and Edward Shils. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., n.d. [1936].

Marshall, P. J. "Economic and Political Expansion: The Case of Oudh." Modem Asian Studies 9 (1975): 465-82.

Metcalf, Barbara Daly. Islamic Revival in British India: Deoband, 1860-1900 . Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982.

Metcalf, Thomas R. Land, Landlords, and the British Raj . Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1979. Reprint. New Delhi. Oxford University Press, 1981.

Miras, Michel de. La Méthode spirituelle d'un maître du soufisme iranien Nur' Ali-Shah circa 1748-1798· Paris: Sirac, 1973.

Momen, Moojan. An Introduction to Shi‘i , Islam . New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985.

Mujeeb, M. The Indian Muslims . London: George Allen & Unwin, 1967.

Mukherjee, Rudrangshu. Awadh in Revolt. 1857-1858: A Study of Popular Resistance . Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1984.

———. "Trade and Empire m Awadh, 1765-1804·" Past and Present 94 (1982): 83-102.

Naff, Thomas, and Roger Owen, eds. Studies in Eighteenth Century Islamic History Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. 1977

Naqvi, Hameeda Khatoon. "Progress of Urbanisation in the United Provinces, 1550-1800." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 10 (1967): 81-99.

———. Urban Centres and Industries in Upper India, 1556-1803 . Bombay. Asia Publishing House, 1968.


313

Naqvi, Syed Ali Naqi, and Husain Syed Murtaza. Azadari . English translation. Karachi: Peer Mahomed Ebrahim Trust, 1974.

Nevill, H. R., ed. District Gazelleers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh . 48 vols. Allahabad: Government Press, 1903-14.

Oldenburg, Veena Talwar. The Making of Colonial Lucknow, 1856-1877 . Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984.

Parkin, Frank. Marxism and Class Theory: A Bourgeois Critique . New York: Columbia University Press, 1979.

Pearson, Harlan Otto. "Islamic Reform and Revival in Nineteenth Century India: The Tariqah-i Muhammadiyah." Ph.D. diss., Duke University, 1979.

Pemble, John. The Raj, the Indian Mutiny, and the Kingdom of Oudh, 1801-1859 . London: Harvester Press, 1977 Reprint. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1979.

Perry, John. Karim Khan Zand: A History of Iran, 1747-1779 . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

Philips, C. H., and Wainwright, M. D, eds. Indian Society and the Beginnings of Modernisation, c. 1830-1850 . London: School of Oriental and African Studies, 1976.

Pourjavady, Nasrollah, and Peter Lamborn Wilson. Kings of Love: The Poetry and History of the Ni'matu'llahi Sufi Order . Tehran: Imperial Iranian Academy of Philosophy, 1978.

Qureshi, Hamid Afaq "Nawab Wazir ‘Ali Khan: Life and Career (1780-1817)." Ph.D. diss., University of Lucknow, 1981.

Rafati, Vahid. "The Development of Shaykhi Thought in Shi‘i Islam." Ph D. diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 1979.

Raychaudhuri, T., and Irfan Habib, eds. The Cambridge Economic History of India . 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982-83.

Ricks, Thomas M. "Politics and Trade in Southern Iran and the Gulf, 1745-1765." Ph.D. diss., Indiana University, 1974

Risby, H H., and Gait, E A. "Report" In Census of India, 1901 , vol. 1. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, 1903.

Rizvi, Saiyid Athar Abbas. Shah ‘Abdu'l-‘Aziz . Puritanism, Sectarian Polemics. and Jihad . Canberra: Macriffat, 1982.

——— Shah Wali-Allahand His Times . Canberra: Macrifat, 1980.

Robertson, Roland. The Sociological Interpretation of Religion . Oxford. Basil Blackwell, 1970.

Robinson, Francis C. R. "Nation Formation: The Brass Thesis and Muslim Separatism." Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 15 ( 1977): 215-34.

——— "Problems in the History of the Farangi Mahall Family of Learned and Holy Men" In Oxford Papers on South Asia , I, edited by T. Raychaudhuri. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1984

——— Separatism among Indian Muslims: The Politics of the United Provinces' Muslims, 1860-1923 . London: Cambridge University Press, 1973.

——— "The 'Ulama ' of Farangi Mahall and Their Adab. " In Moral Conduct and Authority: The Place of Adab in South Asian Islam , edited by Barbara Daly Metcalf. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1984.

Rodinson, Maxime. Islam and Capitalism . Translated by Brian Pearce. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1978.


314

Roy, Asim. The Islamic Syncietistic Tradition in Bengal . Princeton. Princeton University Press, 1983.

Royce, William Ronald. "Mir Macsum ‘Ali Shah and the Nicmat Allahi Revival, 1776-77 to 1796-97." Ph.D diss., Princeton University, 1979.

Rudé, George. Ideology and Popular Protest . New York: Pantheon, 1980.

Russell, Ralph; and Khurshidul Islam. Three Mughal Poets: Mir, Sauda, Mir Hasan . Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968.

Sachedina, Abdulaziz Abdulhussein Islamic Messianism. The Idea of the Mahdi in Twelver Shi‘ism. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1981.

———. "Al-Khums. The Fifth in the Imami Shi‘i Legal System." Journal of Near East Studies 39 (1980): 276-89.

Sarkar; Jagadish Narayan. A Study of Eighteenth Century India . Vol. 1: Political History, 1707-1761 . Calcutta: Saraswat Library, 1976.

Savory, Roger. Iran under the Safavids . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.

Scarcia, Gianroberto. "Intorno alle controversie tra Ahbari e Usuli presso gli Imamiti di Persia." Rivista degli Studi Orientali 33 (1958): 911-50.

Sharar, ‘Abdu'l-Halim. Lucknow: The Last Phase of an Oriental Culture . Trans. and ed. E. S. Harcourt and Fakhir Hussain. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1976.

Siddiqi, Asiya. Agrarian Change in a North Indian State: Uttar Pradesh, 1819-1833 . Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973.

Sinha, C. "Personnel of Indian Judges in Bengal Presidency under the East India Company's Administration. 1793-1833." Bengal Past and Present 87 (1968): 204-16.

Sinha, Devi P. British Relations with Oudh, 1801-1856. A Case Study. Calcutta: K. P. Bagchi, 1983.

Spear, Percival. Twilight of the Mughuls: Studies in Late Mughul Delhi . Reprint. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1980.

Srivastava, Ashirbadi Lal. The First Two Nawabs of Awadh . 2d ed. Agra: Shiva Lal Agarwala and Co., 1954.

———. Shuja-ud-Daulah . 2 vols. Rev. ed. Agra: Shiva Lal Agarwala and Co., 1961.

Stark, Rodney, and W. S. Bainbridge. "Of Churches, Sects, and Cults Preliminary Concepts for a Theory of Rt ligious Movements." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 18 (1979): 122-26.

Storey, C. A. Persian Literature: A Bio-Bibliographical Survey . 2 vols. London: Luzac and Co., 1935-58; London. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1971-77.

Swatos, William, "Monopolism, Pluralism, Acceptance, and Rejection: An Integrated Model for Church-Sect Theory." Review of Religious Research 16 (1975): 174-85.

Tawney, R. H. Religion and tile Rise of Capitalism Reprint. New York: Penguin Books, 1947.

Taylor, David, and Malcolm Yapp, eds. Political Identity in South Asia . London: Curzon Press, 1979.

Troeltsch, Ernst. The Social Teaching of the Christian Churches . Trans. Olive Wyon. 2 vols. New York: Macmillan Co., 1931.

Troll, Christian W. Sayyid Ahmad Khan: A Reinterpretation of Muslim Theology . Reprint. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1979.


315

Turner, Bryan S. For Weber: Essays on the Sociology of Fate Boston. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981.

———. Marx and the End of Orientalism . London: George Allen & Unwin, 1978.

———. Weber and Islam: A Critical Study . London. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1974.

Turner, Victor. Dramas, Fields, and Metaphors . Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1974.

———. Process, Performance, and Pilgrimage. A Study in Comparative Symbology New Delhi Concept Publishing Company, 1979

——— The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure 2d ed. Ithaca, N.Y. Cornell University Press, 1977.

von Grunebaum, Gustav E. Muhammadan Festivals New York: Henry Schuman, '1951.

Weber, Max. Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology . Ed Guenther Roth and Claus Wittich. 2 vols. 2d ed. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1978.

———. From Max Weber . Trans. H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills. Reprint. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.

———. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism . Trans. Talcott Parsons. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1958.

Wilson, Bryan R. Magic and the Millennium . London: Heinemann, 1973.

——— Religious Sects: A Sociological Study . London: World University Library, 1970.

———, ed. Patterns of Sectarianism. Organisation and Ideology in Social and Religious Movements. London: Heinemann, 1967.

Yapp, Malcolm E. Strategies of British India: Britain, Iran, and Afghanistan, 1798-1850 . Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980.

Zaidi, M. H. "Eine Einführung zu der Muharram Feierlichkeiten von Lucknow zur Zeit der Avadh Dynastic, 1722-1856." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morganländische Gesellschaft . Suppl. 3 (1977): 629-48.

Note: S. A. A. Rizvi, A Socio-cultural History of the Isna ‘AshariShi‘isin India , 2; vols. (Canberra: Macrifat, 1986), arrived after this book was completed for press.


317

 

Preferred Citation: Cole, J. R. I. Roots of North Indian Shi'ism in Iran and Iraq: Religion and State in Awadh, 1722-1859. Berkeley:  University of California Press,  c1988 1988. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft0f59n6r9/