Primary Sources

Persian or Arabic

‘Abd al-Latif. “Safar-nāma” . In A Description of North Bengal in 1609 A.D. Translated by Jadunath Sarkar. Bengal Past and Present 35 (1928): 143–46.

‘Abd al-Razzaq. “Matla‘ al-sa‘dain” . Extracts in The History of India as Told by Its Own Historians, translated and edited by H. M. Elliot and John Dowson, 4: 89–126. 8 vols. Allahabad: Kitab Mahal, 1964.

Abu’l-fazl ‘Allami. ā’īn-i Akbarī. 3 vols. Lucknow: Nawal Kishor, 1869. English edition: vol. 1 translated by H. Blochmann, edited by D. C. Phillott; vols. 2 and 3 translated by H. S. Jarrett, edited by Jadunath Sarkar. 2d ed. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1927. Reprint. New Delhi: Oriental Books Reprint Corp., 1977–78.

——————. Akbar-nāma. Edited by Abdur Rahim. 3 vols. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1873–87. Translated by Henry Beveridge. 3 vols. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1897–1921. Reprint. New Delhi: Ess Ess Publications, 1979.

Ahbar as-Sin wa al-Hind: Relations de la Chine et de l’Inde. Translated by Jean Sauvaget. Paris: Société d’édition “Les Belles Lettres” . 1948.

Ansari, ‘Abd al-Samad. Akhbār al-aṣfiyā. Khuda Bakhsh Library, Patna. Persian MS. No. 188. Compiled 1645.

Askari, S.H. “New Light on Rajah Ganesh and Sultan Ibrahim Sharqi of Jaunpur from Contemporary Correspondence of Two Muslim Saints” . Letters of Shaikh Nur Qutb-i ‘Alam and Ashraf Jahangir Simnani. Translated by S. H. Askari. Bengal Past and Present 57 (1948): 32–39.

Baḥr al-ḥayāṭ. India Office Library, London. Persian MS. No. 2002.

Balkhi, Mahmud b.Amir Wali. The Bahr ul-Asrar: Travelogue of South Asia. Edited by Riazul Islam. Karachi: University of Karachi, 1980.

Balkhi, Muzaffar Shams. Maktūbāt-i Muz̄affar Shams Balkhī. Persian MS. Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library, Patna. Acc. No. 1859.

Barani, Zia al-Din. Tārīkh-i Fīrūz Shāhī. Edited by Saiyid Ahmad Khan. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1862. Extracts in The History of India as Told by Its Own Historians, translated and edited by H. M. Elliot and John Dowson, 3: 93–268. 8 vols. Allahabad: Kitab Mahal, 1964.

Chishti, ‘Abd al-Rahman. Mirāt al-asrār. Khuda Bakhsh Library, Patna. Persian MS. No. 204. Compiled 1654.

Dani, Ahmad Hasan. Bibliography of the Muslim Inscriptions of Bengal, Down to A.D. 1538. Appendix to the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Pakistan 2. Dacca: Asiatic Society of Pakistan, 1957.

Dastūr al-‘amal-i ‘ālamgīrī. Persian MS. British Library, London. Add. 6599. Copy at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Department of History. RotographNo. 53.

Desai, Z.A. “Correct Attribution of the Two So-called Inscriptions of Nasirud-din Mahmud Shah II of Bengal” . Epigraphia Indica, Arabic and Persian Supplement (1973): 26–35.

——————. “An Early Thirteenth-Century Inscription from West Bengal” . Epigraphia Indica, Arabic and Persian Supplement (1975): 6–12.

——————. “The So-Called Chunakhali Inscription of Nasirud-din Mahmud Shah II of Bengal” . Epigraphia Indica, Arabic and Persian Supplement (1973): 36–43.

Dihlavi, ‘Abd al-Haq Muhaddis. Akhbār al-akhyār. Deoband, U. P.: Kitab Khana-yi Rahimia, 1915–16.

Fakhr al-Din Razi. Jāmi‘ al-‘ulūm. Edited by Muhammad Khan Malik al-Kuttab. Bombay, A.H. 1323 [A.D. 1905].

Firdausi, Shaikh Shu‘aib. Manāqib al-aṣfiyā. Calcutta: Nur al-Afaq, 1895.

Firishta, Muhammad Qasim. Tārīkh-i Firishta. 2 vols. Lucknow: Nawal Kishor, 1864–65. Translated by John Briggs under the title History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power in India. 4 vols. London, 1829. Reprint. 3 vols. Calcutta: Editions Indian, 1966.

Haidar, Maulvi Muhammad Nasir al-Din. Suhail-i Yaman, or Tārīkh-i Jalālī. Persian MS. Muslim Sahitya Samsad, Sylhet. Compiled A.H. 1277 [A.D. 1860–61].

Hussain, S.S. “Some More New Inscriptions of Husain Shah from West Bengal,” Epigraphia Indica, Arabic and Persian Supplement (1975): 31–38.

Hujwiri, ‘Ali b.‘Uthman al-Jullabi al-. The Kashf al-Maḥjūb: The Oldest Persian Treatise on Sufiism. Translated by Reynold A. Nicholson. 1911. 2d ed. 1936. Reprint. London: Luzac, 1970.

Ibn Battuta, The Rehla of Ibn Battuta. Translated by Mahdi Husain. Baroda: Oriental Institute, 1953.

Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalani. Inbā’ al-ghumr bi-anbā al-‘umr. 3 vols. Cairo: al-Majlis al-A‘lā li-l-Shu’ūn al-Islāmiyah, 1969.

Ikram, S.M. “An Unnoticed Account of Shaikh Jalal of Sylhet” . Journal of the Asiatic Society of Pakistan 2 (1957): 63–68.

Inayat Khan. Shah Jahan Nama. Translated by A. R. Fuller. Edited by W. E. Begley and Z. A. Desai. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Jahangir. The Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī, or Memoires of Jahāngīr. Translated by Alexander Rogers. Edited by Henry Beveridge. 2d ed. 2 vols. in 1. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1968.

Jamali, Maulana. Siyar al-‘ārifīn. Delhi: Matba‘ Rizvi, 1893.

Kanun Daimer Nathi. Persian and Bengali MSS. Chittagong. Chittagong District Collectorate Record Room.

Karim, Abdul. Corpus of the Muslim Coins of Bengal, down to A.D. 1538. Asiatic Society of Pakistan Publication No. 6. Dacca: Asiatic Society of Pakistan, 1960.

——————. “Nur Qutb Alam’s Letter on the Ascendancy of Ganesa” . In Abdul Karim Sahitya-Visarad Commemoration Volume, edited by Muhammad Enamul Haq, 335–43. Dacca: Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, 1972.

Kazim b. Muhammad Amin, Munshi Amin(d. 1681). ‘ālamgīr-nāma. Edited by Khadim Husain and ‘Abd al-Hai. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1868.

Mas‘udi. Les Prairies d’or [Murūj al-dhahab]. Translated by Barbier de Meynard and Pavet de Courteille. Corrected by Charles Pellat. Vol. 1. Paris: Société asiatique, 1962.

Minhaj-ud-Din Abu’l-‘Umar-i-‘Usman, Maulana. ṭabaḳāt-i-Nāṣirī: A General History of the Muhammadan Dynasties of Asia, Including Hindustan (810–1260). Translated by H. G. Raverty. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1881. Reprint. 2 vols. New Delhi: Oriental Books Reprint Corp., 1970.

Muhsin Fani. Dabistān-i mażāhib. Edited by Nazir Ashraf and W. B. Bayley. Calcutta, 1809.

Nathan, Mirza. Bahāristān-i ghaibī. Paris: Bibliothèque nationale. Sup. Pers. MS. No. 252. Photostat copies: Dhaka University Library, Dhaka; National Library, Calcutta, Sarkar Collection No. 60, Acc. No. 1327.

——————. Bahāristān-i-ghaybī: A History of the Mughal Wars in Assam, Cooch Behar, Bengal, Bihar and Orissa during the Reigns of Jahāngīr and Shāhjahān, by Mīrzā Nathan. Translated by M. I. Borah. 2 vols. Gauhati, Assam: Government of Assam, 1936.

Ni‘mat Allah, Khwajah. Tārīkh-i Khān Jahān wa makhzan-i Afghān. Edited by S. M. Imam al-Din. 2 vols. Asiatic Society of Pakistan Publication No. 4. Dacca: Asiatic Society of Pakistan, 1960.

Nizamuddin Ahmad, Khwajah. The ṭabaqāt-i-Akbarī. Edited by Brajendranath De and M. Hidayat Hosein. 3 vols. Calcutta: Bibliotheca Indica, 1931–35. Translated by B. De. 3 vols. Calcutta: Bibliotheca Indica, 1927–39.

Nur Qutb-i ‘Alam, Shaikh. Maktūbāt-i Shaikh Nūr Quṭb-i ‘ālam. Persian MS. Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Maulana Azad Library. Subhan Allah No. 297671/18. Copy in the Indian National Archives, New Delhi. Or. MS. No. 332.

——————. Mu’nis al-fuqarā’. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta. Persian MS. No. 466.

Nurul Hasan, S. “Three Studies of Zamindari System” . In Medieval India—A Miscellany, vol. 1, edited by K. A. Nizami, 233–39. Bombay: Asia Publishing House, 1969.

Qeyammudin Ahmad. Corpus of Arabic and Persian Inscriptions of Bihar (A.D. 640–1200). Patna: K. P. Jayaswal Research Institute, 1973.

Rajgiri, Imam al-Din. Manāhij al-shaṭṭār. Khuda Bakhsh Library, Patna. 2 vols. Persian MSS. Nos. 1848, 1848-A.

Register of Sanads. Persian MSS. Sylhet: Sylhet District Collectorate Record Room.

Sakhavi, Muhammd. al-Zau’ al-lāmi‘ li-ahl al-qarn al-tāsi‘. 12 vols. Beirut: Maktabat al-Hayat, 1966. Vols. 2 and 8.

Salim, Ghulam Hussain. Riyāzu-s-Salātīn: A History of Bengal. Translated by Abdus Salam. 1903. Reprint. Delhi: Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli, 1975.

Salimullah, Munshi. Tarīkh-i-Bangālah. Edited by S. M. Imamuddin. Dacca: Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, 1979.

Sarwani, ‘Abbas Khan. Tārīkh-i śēr śāhī. Translated by B. P. Ambashthya. Patna: K. P. Jayaswal Research Institute, 1974.

Shams-i Siraj ‘Afif. Tārīkh-i Fīrūz Shāhī. Edited by Maulavi Vilayat Husain. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1891. Extracts in The History of India as Told by Its Own Historians, translated and edited by Henry Elliot and John Dowson, 3: 269–373. 8 vols. Allahabad: Kitab Mahal, 1964

Shamsud-Din Ahmed, ed. and trans. Inscriptions of Bengal. Vol. 4. Rajshahi: Varendra Research Museum, 1960.

Shattari, Muhammad Ghauthi. Gulzār-i abrār. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta. Persian MS. No. 259. Compiled 1613. Translated into Urdu by Fazl Ahmad Jiwari. Lahore: Islamic Book Foundation, 1975.

Shihab al-Din Talish. Fatḥiyah-i ‘ibriyah. Persian MS. Bodleian Library, Oxford. MS Bodl. Or. 589. Extracts translated by H. Blochmann in “Koch Bihar, Koch Hajo, and Assam in the 16th and 17th Centuries, According to the Akbarnamah, the Padshahnamah, and the Fathiyah i ‘Ibriyah,” Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 41, no. 1 (1872): 49–101. Extracts translated by Jadunath Sarkar in “The Conquest of Chatgaon, 1666 A.D.,” Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 3 (1907): 405–17; “Assam and the Ahoms in 1660 A.D.,” Journal of the Bihar and Orissa Research Society 1, no. 2 (1915): 179–95; and “Shaista Khan in Bengal (1664–66),” Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, n.s., 2, no. 6 (June 1906): 257–67.

Siddiq, Mohammad Yusuf. Arabic and Persian Texts of the Islamic Inscriptions of Bengal. Watertown, Mass.: South Asia Press, 1991.

Simnani, Shaikh Ashraf Jahangir. Maktūbāt-i ashrafī. Persian MS. Aligarh Muslim University History Department, Aligarh. MS. No. 27. Copy in the British Library, London. Or. MS. No. 267.

Yusuf Husain. “Haud al-hayat: La Version arabe de l’Amratkund” . Journal asiatique 113 (October-December 1928): 291–344.

Bengali or Sanskrit

Gupta, Kamalakanta. Copper-plates of Sylhet. Vol. 1. Sylhet: Lipika Enterprises, 1967.

Huq, Muhammad Enamul, ed. Muslim Bāṅglā Sāhitya. 2d ed. Dacca: Pakistan Publications, 1965.

Husain, Syed Sajjad, ed. and trans. A Descriptive Catalogue of Bengali Manuscripts in Munshi Abdul Karim’s Collection, by Munshi Abdul Karim and Ahmad Sharif. Dacca: Asiatic Society of Pakistan, 1960.

Khan, Muhammad. Maqtul Husain. Dhaka Museum, Dhaka. MS. No. 2826. Acc. No. 6634.

Krsnadasa Kaviraja Goswami. śrī Caitanya-Caritāmṛta. Abridged and edited by Sukumar Sen. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1977. Translated and edited by A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami. 17 vols. New York: Bhaktivedanta Book Trust, 1973–75.

Majumdar, Nani Gopal. Inscriptions of Bengal. Vol. 3. Rajshahi: Varendra Research Society, 1929.

Maulik, Ksitish, ed. Pracīn Pūrba Baṅga Gītikā. 7 vols. Calcutta: Mukherjee Publishers, 1972.

Mukherji, Ramaranjan and Sachindra Kumar Maity. Corpus of Bengal Inscriptions Bearing on History and Civilization of Bengal. Calcutta: Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay, 1967.

Mukundaram. Kavikaṅkaṇa Caṇḍī. Edited by Srikumar Bandyopadhyay and Visvapati Chaudhuri. Calcutta: University of Calcutta, 1974.

Muttalib, Shaikh. Kifayat al-Mussalin. Dhaka Museum, Dhaka. MS. No. 2825.

Roerich, George, trans. Biography of Dharmasvamin (Chag lo-tsa-ba Chos-rje-dpal), a Tibetan Monk Pilgrim. Patna: K. P. Jawaswal Research Institute, 1959.

Saiyid Sultan. Nabī-Baṃśa. Ca. 1584. Edited by Ahmed Sharif. 2 vols. Dhaka: Bangla Academy, 1978.

Sen, Dinesh Chandra, ed. and trans. Eastern Bengal Ballads, Mymensing. 4 vols. Calcutta: University of Calcutta, 1923–28.

Sen, Sukumar, ed. and trans. Sekasubhodaya of Halayudha Misra. Calcutta: Asiatic Society, 1963.

Sircar, D.C. Some Epigraphical Records of the Medieval Period from Eastern India. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications, 1979.

Vijaya Gupta. Padma-Purāṇa. Edited by Jayanta Kumar Dasgupta. Calcutta: University of Calcutta, 1962.

Vipra Das. Manasā-Vijaya. Edited by Sukumar Sen. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1953.

Vishnu Pala. Manasā-Maṅgala. Edited by Sukumar Sen. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1968.

Vrindavan Das. śrī-śrī Caitanya Bhāgavat. Calcutta: Dev Sahitya Kutar, 1980.

Chinese

Bagchi, P.C. “Political Relations between Bengal and China in the Pathan Period” . Visva-Bharati Annals 1 (1945): 96–134.

Hiuen Thsiang. Chinese Accounts of India, Translated from the Chinese of Hiuen Thsiang. Translated by Samuel Beal. 4 vols. Calcutta: Susil Gupta, 1958.

I-Tsing. A Record of the Buddhist Religion as Practiced in India and the Malay Archipelago (A.D. 671–695). Translated by J. Takakusu. Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1966.

Ma Huan. Ying-yai Sheng-lan: “The Overall Survey of the Ocean’s Shores” . Translated by J. V.G. Mills. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.

Rockhill, W.W. “Notes on the Relations and Trade of China with the Eastern Archipelago and the Coast of the Indian Ocean during the Fourteenth Century” . T’oung Pao 16, pt. 2 (1915): 61–73, 435–55.

European

Barbosa, Duarte. The Book of Duarte Barbosa. Translated by M. L. Dames. London: Hakluyt Society, 1921. Reprint. 2 vols. Nendoln/Liechtenstein: Kraus Reprint, 1967.

Bernier, François. Travels in the Mogul Empire, A.D. 1656–68. Translated by Archibald Constable. 2d ed. New Delhi: S. Chand & Co., 1968.

Buchanan, Francis. A Geographical, Statistical, and Historical Description of the District, or Zila, of Dinajpur, in the Province, or Soubah, of Bengal. Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1833.

——————. An Account of a Journey Undertaken by Order of the Bd. of Trade through the Provinces of Chittagong and Tipperah in order to look out for the Places most Proper for the Cultivation of Spices (March-May, 1798). British Library, London. Eur. MSS. Add. 19286.

Dagh-Register gehouden int Casteel Batavia vant passerende daer ter plaetse als over geheel Nederlandts-India. 30 vols. Batavia: C. Kolff, 1887–1931.

Federici, Cesare. “Extracts of Master Caesar Frederike his Eighteene Yeeres Indian Observations” . In Hakluytus Posthumus, or Purchas his Pilgrimes, by Samuel Purchas (1625), 10: 83–143. 20 vols. Glasgow: James MacLehose & Sons, 1905.

Fitch, Ralph. “The Voyage of Master Ralph Fitch Merchant of London to Ormus, and so to Goa in the East India, to Cambaia, Ganges, Bengala” . In Hakluytus Posthumus, or Purchas his Pilgrimes, by Samuel Purchas (1625), 10: 165–204. 20 vols. Glasgow: James MacLehose & Sons, 1905.

Generale missiven van gouverneurs-generaal en raden aan Heren XVII der Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1971.

Hosten, H. “The Earliest Recorded Episcopal Visitation of Bengal, 1712–1715” . Bengal Past and Present 6 (July-December 1910): 200–227.

——————. “Jesuit Letters from Bengal, Arakan and Burma (1599–1600)” . Bengal Past and Present 30 (1925): 52–78.

Khan, Shafaat Ahmad, ed. John Marshall in India: Notes and Observations in Bengal, 1668–1672. London: Oxford University Press, 1927.

Lettres édifiantes et curieuses écrites des missions étrangères. 36 vols. Paris: J. G. Merigot, 1781.

Manrique, Fray Sebastien. Travels of Fray Sebastien Manrique, 1629–1643. Translated by E. Luard and H. Hosten. Hakluyt Society Publications, 2d ser., nos. 59, 61. 2 vols. Oxford: Hakluyt Society, 1927.

Pires, Tome. Suma Oriental of Tome Pires. Translated by A. Cortesão. Hakluyt Society Publications, 2d ser., nos. 89–90. 2 vols. London: Hakluyt Society, 1944.

Pyrard, François. The Voyage of François Pyrard of Laval to the East Indies, the Maldives, the Moluccas and Brazil. Edited and Translated by Albert Gray. 2 vols. Hakluyt Society Publications, 1st ser., nos. 76, 77, 80. 1887–90. Reprint. 2 vols. in 3 parts. New York: Burt Franklin, n.d.

Sen, Surendranath, ed. Indian Travels of Thevenot and Careri. New Delhi: National Archives of India, 1949.

Tavernier, Jean Baptiste. Travels in India. Translated by V. Ball. 2 vols. London: Macmillan, 1889. Reprint. Lahore: Al-Biruni, 1976.

Varthema, Ludovico di. The Travels of Ludovico di Varthema in Egypt, Syria, Arabia Deserta and Arabia Felix, in Persia, India, and Ethiopia, A.D. 1503–1508. Translated by John W. Jones. Edited by George P. Badger. Hakluyt Society Publications, 1st ser., no. 32. 1863. Reprint. New York: Burt Franklin, n.d.

Voyage dans les deltas du Gange et de l’Irraouaddy: Relation portugaise anonyme (1521). Translated and edited by Genevieve Bouchon and Luis Filipe Thomaz. Paris: Centre culturel portugais, 1988.

Yule, Henry, and HenriCordier, trans. and eds. The Book of Ser Marco Polo. 3d ed. 2 vols. Amsterdam: Philo Press, 1975.