9— Impact and Implications
1. Neubauer, "Literary Gleanings IX."
2. Papal letters regarding the Jews from 1198 through 1254 were published and translated by Grayzel, The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century. Starting with 1240, letters 102, 102A, 105, 124-125, 127, and 128 all refer to issues related to converts from Judaism to Christianity.
3. For this material, see Le Nain de Tillemont, Vie de Saint Louis, roi de France (6 vols.; Paris, 1847-1851), V, 296-298, and Alexandre Bruel, "Notes de Vyon d'Herouval sur les baptisés et les convers au temps de saint Louis," Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes XXVIII (1867): 609-621.
4. There is a vast twentieth-century literature on Raymond Lull. Two recent publications are extremely valuable in orienting readers to the latest and best in Lullian scholarship. They are J. N. Hillgarth, Ramon Lull and Lullism in Fourteenth-Century France (Oxford, 1971), and Bonner, Selected Works of Ramon Llull.
5. Ibid., I, 15-16.
6. Ibid., 17.
4. There is a vast twentieth-century literature on Raymond Lull. Two recent publications are extremely valuable in orienting readers to the latest and best in Lullian scholarship. They are J. N. Hillgarth, Ramon Lull and Lullism in Fourteenth-Century France (Oxford, 1971), and Bonner, Selected Works of Ramon Llull.
5. Ibid., I, 15-16.
6. Ibid., 17.
4. There is a vast twentieth-century literature on Raymond Lull. Two recent publications are extremely valuable in orienting readers to the latest and best in Lullian scholarship. They are J. N. Hillgarth, Ramon Lull and Lullism in Fourteenth-Century France (Oxford, 1971), and Bonner, Selected Works of Ramon Llull.
5. Ibid., I, 15-16.
6. Ibid., 17.
7. Hillgarth, Ramon Lull and Lullism, 6.
8. See the fine introduction by Bonner to his English translation—Bonner, Selected Works of Ramon Llull, I, 93-103. See also the valuable introduction of Armand Llinares to his publication of the medieval French version of the same book (Paris, 1966), 5-24.
9. Jose M. a Millas Vallicrosa, El "Liber praedictationis contra Judeos" de Ramon Lull (Madrid, 1957). See the valuable introductory remarks by continue
the editor and the illuminating review by R. Zvi Werblowsky in Tarbiz * XXXII (1963): 207-211.
10. Yitzhak Baer, "Abner of Burgos' Minhat * Kenaot and Its Influence on Hasdai Crescas" (Hebrew), Tarbiz XI (1939-40): 188. See the general presentation of Abner by Baer, A History of the Jews in Christian Spain, I, 327-354, and 446, n. 24, for Baer's prior studies and for the materials he utilized.
11. See the materials cited by Judah Rosenthal, "Anti-Christian Polemical Literature to the End of the Eighteenth Century" (Hebrew), Areshet II (1960): 145-147, #53, 54, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64.
12. Robert Chazan, "Maestre Alfonso of Valladolid and the New Missionizing," Revue des études juives CXLIII (1984): 83-94.
13. Yehuda Shamir, Rabbi Moses ha-Kohen of Tordesillas and His Book 'Ezer ha-Emunah (2 vols.; Coconut Grove, 1972), II, 8.
14. Ibid., 127.
13. Yehuda Shamir, Rabbi Moses ha-Kohen of Tordesillas and His Book 'Ezer ha-Emunah (2 vols.; Coconut Grove, 1972), II, 8.
14. Ibid., 127.
15. For the fullest presentation of this important event, see Antonio Pacios Lopez, La Disputa de Tortosa (2 vols.; Madrid, 1957), I, and Baer, A History of the Jews in Christian Spain, II, 170-243.
16. Francisco Machado, The Mirror of the New Christians, ed. and trans. Mildred Evelyn Vieira and Frank Ephraim Talmage (Toronto, 1977).
17. Ibid., 29.
16. Francisco Machado, The Mirror of the New Christians, ed. and trans. Mildred Evelyn Vieira and Frank Ephraim Talmage (Toronto, 1977).
17. Ibid., 29.
18. The book was published in Konigsberg in 1861. Abravanel's life and thought are studied in B. Netanyahu, Don Isaac Abravanel, Statesman and Philosopher (2d ed.; Philadelphia, 1968). Note especially the analysis of Abravanel's messianism in 195-247.
19. Abravanel, Yeshu'ot Meshiho * , 4a-5a, 16b-17b.
20. Ibid., 18a, 39a, 47b, 67b.
19. Abravanel, Yeshu'ot Meshiho * , 4a-5a, 16b-17b.
20. Ibid., 18a, 39a, 47b, 67b.
21. Kedar, Crusade and Mission.
22. Marc Saperstein, Decoding the Rabbis: A Thirteenth-Century Commentary on the Aggadah (Cambridge, Mass., 1980).
23. Amos Funkenstein, "Changes in the Pattern of Anti-Jewish Polemics in the Twelfth Century"; Joel Rembaum, "The Talmud and the Popes: Reflections on the Talmud Trials of the 1240s," Viator XIII (1982): 203-223; Jeremy Cohen, The Friars and the Jews.
24. For a citation of Cohen's thesis, see above, in the introduction.
25. Ibid., 113.
26. Ibid., 114.
27. Ibid., 115.
24. For a citation of Cohen's thesis, see above, in the introduction.
25. Ibid., 113.
26. Ibid., 114.
27. Ibid., 115.
24. For a citation of Cohen's thesis, see above, in the introduction.
25. Ibid., 113.
26. Ibid., 114.
27. Ibid., 115.
24. For a citation of Cohen's thesis, see above, in the introduction.
25. Ibid., 113.
26. Ibid., 114.
27. Ibid., 115.
28. Chavel, Kitvei, I, 303.
29. Cohen, The Friars and the Jews, 114.
30. Baer, "The Disputations of R. Yehiel of Paris and of Nahmanides," 185. For the somewhat altered Jewish version of this item, see Chavel, Kitvei, I, 303, and the discussion above, chap. 4.
31. Cohen, The Friars and the Jews, 139.
32. Ibid., 140.
33. Ibid., 143. break
34. Ibid., 151.
35. Ibid., 165.
31. Cohen, The Friars and the Jews, 139.
32. Ibid., 140.
33. Ibid., 143. break
34. Ibid., 151.
35. Ibid., 165.
31. Cohen, The Friars and the Jews, 139.
32. Ibid., 140.
33. Ibid., 143. break
34. Ibid., 151.
35. Ibid., 165.
31. Cohen, The Friars and the Jews, 139.
32. Ibid., 140.
33. Ibid., 143. break
34. Ibid., 151.
35. Ibid., 165.
31. Cohen, The Friars and the Jews, 139.
32. Ibid., 140.
33. Ibid., 143. break
34. Ibid., 151.
35. Ibid., 165.
36. A convenient edition of the well-known Constitutio pro Judeis, provided with an English translation, can be found in Solomon Grayzel, The Church and the Jews in the Thirteenth Century, #5, 92-95. Cf. the subsequent reenactments of the same bull in ibid., #35, 144-145; #81, 218-219; #111, 260-261; #118, 274-275. See the classic study by Solomon Grayzel, "The Papal Bull Sicut Judeis," Studies and Essays in Honor of Abraham A. Neuman, ed. Meir Ben-Horin et al. (Leiden, 1962), 243-280.
37. My disagreement with Cohen's thesis in general and my dissatisfaction with his use of the missionizing campaign in particular do not diminish my regard for the author and the book. I believe that much of the thrust of the study is perceptive and correct. Even the thesis with which I disagree has, it seems to me, been extremely useful in focusing attention on important thirteenth-century developments and sparking renewed consideration of central issues relative to that important epoch.
38. Cohen, The Friars and the Jews, 129-169; Bonfil, "The Nature of Judaism in Raymundus Martini's Pugio Fidei. "
39. Bonner, Selected Works of Ramon Llull, II, 711.
40. Ibid., I, 300-304.
39. Bonner, Selected Works of Ramon Llull, II, 711.
40. Ibid., I, 300-304.
41. I am currently completing a volume on this thirteenth-century decline in its totality, a study that will attempt to identify the major elements in this decline and analyze the factors that brought it about. break