P

Piety, standards of, 125 -27, 128 -31 passim, 209 , 225 ;

and gender, 188 -95 passim;

and hajj , 191 -92, 194 ;

and hereditary categories, 54 -55, 63 -67, 78 , 84 -85, 89 , 99 , 109 , 110 , 125 ;

and scholars, 85 , 192 -95;

and secularist elite, 127 -28;

and seniority, 126 , 187 -95;

and Sufi orders, 187 -88, 194 -95

Pilgrimage. See Hajj

Poro , initiation society, 38 , 54 , 62 , 74 , 110 , 115 .

See also Lo

Prayer, 56 , 63 , 66 , 77 , 84 , 109 , 187 ;

on calendar holidays, 197 -98;

controversy about, 27 , 33 , 88 , 104 , 105 , 123 , 221 , 235 n. 9;

irregular performance, 55 , 62 , 125 ;

and piety, 190 -91;

as symbol of Muslim identity, 116 -18, 121 , 123 , 124 , 125 -26

Protestants in Côte d'Ivoire, 72 -75