Acknowledgments

Since the research on which this study is based spans three decades, I cannot hope to recognize all the individuals who have given me assistance over these many years. I am especially grateful to the residents of the town and district of Of, who welcomed me during my stay there in the 1960s. I would like to mention in particular the kindness of Ahmet Hizal, Ziya Ramoğlu, Kaymakam Nihat Zeki Özerin, Ali Yakupoğlu, Elias Kaptanoğlu, Hasan Tahsin Saral, Miktat Saral, Necati çakir, Dursun Ali Karnapoğlu, Mustafa Karnapoğlu, Niyazi Abdik, Şahmeran Taka, and Kazim Tellioğlu. In later years, I also greatly benefited from the hospitality and expertise of Mehmet Bilgin in Sürmene, Haşim Albayrak in Istanbul, Mehmet Necef and Ismail Zengingönül in Antalya, Paul Stirling in Kent, Anthony Bryer in Birmingham, Nancy Lindisfarne and Richard Tapper in London, Heath and Demet Lowry in Istanbul, Reşat Kasaba in Seattle, Maria Pia Di Bella and Baber Johansen in Paris, and Ildiko Beller and Chris Hann in Berlin.

I am especially appreciative of Gesine Meeker, Hasan Kayali, Luce Giard, and Nazanin Wahid, who read drafts of the manuscripts with special care and offered valuable comments and criticisms. I also want to thank Dale F. Eickelman, Frederick G. Bailey, and Michael Rogin for reading and commenting on substantial sections of the manuscript; Frank La Rosa for kindly providing me with a sketch of the palace to illustrate the argument in chapter 4, and Hasan Kayali and Engin Akarli for patiently helping me witha number of Ottoman documents. I also owe a very special debt for the wisdom and friendship of Lloyd Fallers, Margaret Fallers, Nur Yalman, Şerif Mardin, Frederick G. Bailey, Clifford Geertz, Alan Duben, Mübeccel Kiray, Ned Levine, Yurdanur Salman, and Ali Gheissari. My discussions with colleagues at the University of California at San Diego, James Holston, Suzanne Brenner, and Vincent Rafael, have shaped my understanding of modernity and cities. My discussions with James Siegel have also influenced my thinking over the years, so thoroughly as to defy comment. I would also like to thank my graduate students, especially William Reese, Jeffrey Snodgrass, Joseph Masco, Leila Madge, Marcia Rego, and Jon Bialecki, for their enthusiasm about the kinds of anthropological questions that have been my concern. I would never have been able to complete this project without the love and support of Gesine Meeker. Her assistance has been essential from its beginning to its conclusion. Both my daughters have become young women during the years that I was writing this book. Their keen interest in their own Turkish experiences was always an encouragement. My research in Anatolia from 1966 to 1968 was supported by the National Institutes for Mental Health. My research in Istanbul from 1986 to 1988 was supported by the Fulbright Commission in Turkey, with special thanks to Hüsnü Ersoy and Ersin Onulduran. My research in the archives of the Public Record Office and the Ministère des Affaires Étrangères was supported by the Social Science Research Council, with funding from the Mellon Foundation. My writing and research from 1991 to 1992 were supported by a President's Fellowship from the University of California and by the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, with funding from the Mellon Foundation.