L

Labor:

blacks in labor force, 172 ; 181 -182;

in Chicago, 110 ;

class distinctions in, 76 , 77 , 79 ;

employees per manufacturing establishment, 92 , table 93 ;

English traditions in, 159 ;

exploitation of, 77 -78, 99 , 177 ;

immigration and, 76 -77, 110 , 158 -159, 169 -172, 183 -184;

in manufacturing, 62 , 121 ;

Mexican-Americans, 183 -184;

recruitment by contractors, 73 -74, 172 ;

reform movements, 78 -79, 175 ;

strikes, 99 -100, 129 , 273 ;

Ten-Hour movement, 78 , 159 ;

transportation and, 119 -120, 142 -143, 271 ;

urban problems and, 230 -231;

working conditions, modern, 129 -130, 272 -273; see also Job opportunities

Labor unions, 62 , 78 , 128 -129, 131 -132, 159 , 171 , 274 ;

health insurance and, 222 , 228 , 251 , 256 , 257 ;

housing programs and, 238 , 240

La Mirada, Calif., 144

Land:

divisions, federal survey system, 21 ;

government as buyer and seller, 270 ;

highways influencing use of, 119 ;

housing related to, 206 -208;

property rights in Constitution, 21 -22;

as social resource, 18 ;

speculation in, 19 -20;

urban, 18 , 25 , 27 , 62 , 119 , 202 , 205 -207, 270

Land allocation: government policy, 18 -21;

in New England towns, 8 -11

Land grants, 8 -9, 17

Land law, 15 -18;

in cities, 23 -28;

court interpretations, 22 -23;

landlords and, 26 -27;

seventeenth-century, 15 -17

Landlords in slums, 26 -27, 220

Landownership:

in cities, 25 -27;

in colonial period, 16 -17;

Kentish system, 16 ;

law and, 15 -18

Lawrence, Mass., 92

Lead mines, 159

Leeds, Mo., 127

Leo XIII, Pope, 175

Levittown, N.J., 211

Liebow, Elliott, Tally's Corner,155n.

Linden, N.J., General Motors plant, 76

Litton Industries, 126

Livery stable, 76

Living wage, 197 , 271

Livonia, Mich., 122

Llewellyn Park, N.J., 209

Local property tax, 237 , 241 , 245 , 275

Lockheed Aircraft, 144

Lomasney, Martin, 176

London, housing projects, 48

Long Beach, Calif., 134, 135 , 136 , 144 , 147

Long Island, houses, 38

Los Angeles, 38,44 , 64 , 122 , 126 -127, 134,134 -149, 246 ;

air pollution, 144 ;

automobile ownership, 142 -143;

automobile traffic, 38, 134 ,137 -138, fig. 139 , fig. 140 , 141 -142;

blacks, 143 , 145 , 146 ;

Boyle Heights, 134,142 ;

bus transportation, 143 -144, 271 ;

Civic Center, 134;

courtyards, housing design, 134, 136 ;

federal funds used, 147 -149;

Freeway, 138 , fig. 139 , fig. 140 , 141 , 146 ;

highways, 107 , 118 , 134,138 , fig. 139 , fig. 140 , 141 , 270 ;

housing, 134,136 -137, 145 -146, 240 ;

industrial areas, 134;

industries moved from city, 118 ;

land use, 144 -146;

manufacturing and service industries, personnel, 132 -133;

megalopolis, 123 , 134 -149;

Mexican-Americans, 134, 142 , 143 , 145 , 146 ;

Midwestern migration to,

Los Angeles (cont'd )

180 ;

motion-picture industry, 134, 134 , 135 ;

oil industry, 134,134 , 135 ;

population, 134 ;

regional planning, 147 ;

segregation, 144 -145;

slums, 134;

street railways, 134,137 -138;

suburbs, 134,138 ;

Watts, 142 , 143 , 145 ;

zoning, 29

Louisville, Ky., 23 -24

Louisville Lands case, 23 -24

Lowell, Mass., 72 , 158 -159

Lynd, Robert S., and Helen M. Lynd, Middletown, 167