C

Caiazza, Stephen, 126

California Political Review (journal), 159

Callen, Michael, 168

death of, 169

disapproves of AZT, 302

on pentamidine, 218

on promiscuity, 63 -64

on self-reliance, 65

Calman, Kenneth, 151

Cambrosio, Alberto, 366 n.52

cancer, 207

activism, 348 -49

Kaposi's sarcoma, 133

Cancer Research , 190

cancer research, 211

Community Clinical Oncology Program, 217

doctor-researchers, 215

candidiasis, 132

Caplan, Arthur L., 374 n.142

Casper, Monica J., 372 n.112

Cassileth, Barrie R., 207

causation: conceptions of, 52 -53

vs . correlation, 148

and dose-response relationship, 76

and latency period, 76

vs . pathogenesis, 157

and ratio of disease rates, 76

and treatment effectiveness, 168

web of, 57 .

See also Koch's postulates

causation controversy, 379 n.173

and closure, 166 -70

coverage by British press, 150 -52

and social attitudes, 31

vs . treatment controversy, 177 -78.

See also Duesberg, Peter

CCC (County Community Consortium; San Francisco), 218

CCG (Community Constituency Group), 294

CDC (Centers for Disease Control): on AIDS without HIV, 162 -63

definition/diagnosis of AIDS, 391 n.44

on epidemiology of early cases, 47

first reports on AIDS, 45 -46

on Haitians with AIDS, 56

on hemophiliacs with PCP, 56

on HIV hypothesis, 83

naming the disease AIDS, 55

CD4. See T cells

CD4 + T-lymphocytopenia (ICL), 163

CFS. See chronic fatigue syndrome

Chalmers, Thomas, 267

Cheng, Ben, 326

Chermann, Jean Claude, 185

Chesler, Mark A., 440 n.47

children, 136

AZT administered to pregnant women, 325

AZT not available for, 423 n.104

as underrepresented in clinical trials, 260

chimpanzees: with AIDS, 209

studies of, 87 -90

cholera, blame for, 53

Chou, Danny, 405 n.100

Christopher Street (magazine), 125

chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), 348

Chronicle of Higher Education , 144

Citizens for Medical Justice (later called ACT UP/San Francisco), 219

Clarke, Adele, 375 n.153

clinical trials: accrual of subjects, 252

ACTG 016 trial, 237

ACTG 019 trial, 237 -40

ACTG 076 trial, 325

ACTG 318

activist involvement in design of, 439 n.33

ATEUs established, 196

and control of access to drugs, 227 -28

cooperation of subjects in, 249

definitiveness of, 343

entry criteria for, 251

as "gold standard" in biomedicine, 196 -98

intent-to-treat analysis, 313 -14

interpretation of, 34

large-scale, 317

and meaningful/important questions, 251 -52

minorities, women, and children in, 339 -40

multiple medications prohibited in, 254

numbers of, 197

objectivity of, 345

and parallel track program, 236 -37

phases of, 273

placebo effects of participating in, 193

pragmatic vs . fastidious, 342

as providing access to new treatments, 197 -98

as representing reality, 273

science studies literature on, 374 -75 n.147

vs . treatment, 202

and uncertainty, 343 -46. See also AZT

ethics of clinical research

placebos in clinical trials

Clinton, Bill, 326

closure of controversy, 334

CMV (cytomegalovirus) infections, 132

CMV retinitis, 235

co-citation analysis, 388 n.2

cofactors, 306

Montagnier on, 284 .

See also immune overload hypothesis

Cohen, Cathy, 414 n.41

on people of color in ACT UP, 289

Cohen, Jean, 370 n.96

Cohen, Jon, 406 n.114

cohort studies, 203

Colby, David C., 377 n.166

Collins, Harry, 442 n.4

on core set of experts, 17 -18

on scientific certainty, 411 n.82

on scientific controversy, 171

on scientific credibility, 242

on role of experiments, 167

Comaroff, Jean, 370 n.92

combination therapy, 265 -80

ACTG 279

ACTG 318

and buyers clubs, 267 -68

ddC, 279

and early intervention, 322

and surrogate markers, 270 -76

3TC, 322 -23

Committee of Ten Thousand, 290

Community-Acquired Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia, 47

community-based trials, 438 n.22

Community Clinical Oncology Program, 217

Community Constituency Group. See CCG

Community Research Initiative (New York City), 217 -19

Competitive Policy Institute, 223

Compound Q (tricosanthin), 257 -58

Conant, Marcus, 268

Concorde trial, 333 -34

conditional approval program, 273 -75.

See also accelerated approval program

condoms, 96 -97

Conference of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (1985), 91 -92

Confronting AIDS (Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences), 126 -27

Connor, Steve, 151 -52, 376 n.158, 386 n.92

The Search for the Virus , 39

Conrad, Peter, 388 n.136

conservatives' support of Duesberg, 158 -59

conspiracy theories: embraced by New York gay community, 242

genetic engineering by CIA or U.S. Army, 96

genocide, 259

swine fever, U.S. government cover-up of, 101

voodoo, 66

constitutive vs . contingent forum, 171 -72

controversy in science, 333 -34

closure of, 334

Cook, Timothy E., 377 n.166

Cooper, Ellen, 262

on surrogate markers, 275

Corea, Gena, 408 n.20

on women and AIDS, 288

correlation, 148

Corti, Jim (Dextran Man), 416 n.60

Cotton, Deborah, 313

Council on Scientific Affairs (AMA), 82 -83

County Community Consortium. See CCC

Cowley, Geoffrey, 162

Cox, Spencer, 316

Cozzens, Susan, 368 n.80

Craib, Kevin, 165

Cramer, Jacqueline, 368 n.80

credibility, 333 -34

of activists, 335 -39

consequences of achieving, 336

conversion of, 142

and credentials, 334 -35

crisis, 7

definition of, 361 n.2

and democracy, 176 -77

and doctors' social location, 16

fragility of, 16

of leaders within social movements, 351

markers of, 337 -39

and the media, 335 (see also

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specific publications )

monopolization of, 173

moral, 336

and power, 25

struggles, 330

tactics for establishing or undercutting, 335 -36

and trust, 25

and uncertainty, 331 -34.

See also authority

Crewdson, John, 70

CRI (Community Research Initiative; New York City), 217 -19

Crigler, Ann N., 377 n.166

Crimp, Douglas, 416 n.71

Crowley III, William Francis Patrick, 438 n.7

cryptosporidiosis, 132

cultural capital, 12

culture of critical discourse, 438 n.7

Curran, James, 161

cytocidal DNA chain terminators, 148

See also AZT

cytokines, 306

cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections, 132