B

Bandits, 178 , 217 , 232 , 276 , 283 , 290 , 365 n138

Banner Army:

compared to yongying , 30 , 31 , 32 ;

disbandment of, 38 ;

in Hubei, 41 , 42 , 43 , 68 ;

in Hunan, 42 ;

in 1911 Revolution, 68 ;

organizational structure of, 19 -22;

size of, 326 n3

Bays, Daniel, 28

Beijing government. See Central government

Beiyang Army:

in Anti-Monarchical War, 206 , 207 , 211 , 221 ;

central government dominated by, 246 , 252 , 264 , 297 ;

and Duan Qirui's premiership, 248 -53, 257 -58;

factionalism in, 247 , 249 -50, 251 -52, 258 , 284 ;

as instrument of central power, 166 , 178 , 231 ;

in North-South War, 257 -58, 259 -60, 262 , 263 ;

organizational structure of, 36 -37, 38 , 206 , 207 -8, 246 ;

in postrevolutionary period, 132 , 139 ;

in Qing dynasty, 34 -38, 63 ;

in Second Revolution, 166 , 174 , 175 , 176 , 177 , 178 ;

Wang Zhanyuan as commander in, 177 , 187 , 208 -11;

Yuan Shikai's control of, 166 , 176 , 177 , 178 , 207 -8, 211 -13, 221 , 240 ;

Yuan Shikai's creation of, 34 , 35 -36, 37 ;

Yuan Shikai's monarchism questioned in, 211 -13, 247 . See also Anhui faction; Zhili faction

Blood Pledge Society, 153 , 356 n116

Boxer Uprising, 34 , 51 , 53 , 57

Branch military governments, 101 , 103 , 123 , 129

Budgets:

of provincial governments, 125 -27, 243 , 273 -74, 275 , 363 n108

Bureaucracy:

central, 162 , 177 , 191 , 194 , 198 , 201 , 203 , 247 ;

elite career paths in, 50 ;

in Hubei, 88 -90, 111 , 113 , 242 , 272 , 344 n29;

in Hunan, 90 , 99 , 146 , 272 ;

in Qing dynasty, 20 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 36 , 37 , 55 , 90 , 161